Spatial Organization and Cultural Landscape of the Historical Ja’farabad Garden-Castle, Ashtian: A Conservation-Oriented Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Nayyer Hajitaher 1
Shahriar Nasekhian 2
Saeed Amirhajloo 3
1 Department of Historic Buildings Conservation and Restorations Art University of Isfahan
2 Head of Department of Conservation and Restoration at Art University of Isfahan
3 Department of Archaeology, Tarbiat Modares University
10.48311/eijh.2026.119212.82838
Abstract
The garden–castle or Qal’eh Ja’farabad in Ashtian is a prominent example of the integration of defensive, residential, and cultural landscape architecture within rural contexts in Iran. Historically, this aristocratic complex functioned not only as a protective and administrative center but also as a component of the village’s agricultural system and economic life. In addition to this castle, other structures, including the peasant castle and the historical bathhouse, collectively reflect the spatial organization and hierarchical arrangement of residences and services during pre-modern periods. This study aims to examine and analyze the spatial and physical structure of the garden-castle of Ja’farabad from a conservation-oriented perspective. Data were collected through field surveys and historical documents, and data were analyzed using documentary content analysis, spatial analysis, and comparative analysis methods. The findings indicate that, due to its strategic location, vernacular architectural structure, and connection with the historical socio-economic system, the complex embodies multi-layered cultural, historical, and landscape values. At the same time, natural erosion, functional changes, and the absence of protective programs have led to its gradual deterioration. Accordingly, this paper proposes conservation strategies, including complementary studies based on damage assessment and structural analyses, as well as interventions guided by an integrated approach grounded in architectural conservation principles and sustainable development. These strategies are organized along three axes: physical (structural) interventions, participatory management, and compatible, meaningful reuse. Finally, monitoring of the Ja’farabad garden-castle should involve continuous long-term surveillance, with simultaneous maintenance of all elements, including structures and vegetation. Professional management and the training of local specialists are also essential to ensure the long-term sustainability and preservation of the complex.
Keywords
Garden-Castle, Ja&rsquo
farabad in Ashtian, Rural Architecture, Landlord Castle, Conservation
Subjects