Political Behavior of Muslims in the US: Transition from Isolation to Political Participation

Document Type : Original Research

Author
Department of Politics and International Relations Florida International University
Abstract
Most of the researchers in American politics and public policy focus on the Presidency, Congress, and Judiciary as the main institutions in the U.S. and consider the relations and interactions among them. However, the relationship between these main institutions affected by interest groups which can be seen in the process of decision making and their contribution to the public sphere. In an attempt to consider the role of interest groups, this paper’s main concern is to study the influence of interest groups on the public sphere in general, and particularly, the role of religious interest groups in the process of decision making for Muslim communities. The paper’s assumption is that the mosque and other religious institutions in the U.S. have multifaceted roles to mobilize Muslims and push them for sociopolitical participation and on the other hand; they can affect legislative and executive branches in their process of decision making. I will review the literature of interest groups, religious organizations, and policy-making models to explain the process of decision making and the factors that affect these procedures. Then I consider the effect of these Muslim institutions on the process of decision making in the U.S. and explain the relationship between these interest groups and policymakers in the U.S.

Keywords

Subjects


[1] Bagby, I.A.W., Perl, P.M. and Froehle, B., (2001). The mosque in America, a national portrait: A report from the Mosque Study Project. Washington, DC: Council on American-Islamic Relations.
[2] Bakalian, A. and Bozorgmehr, M., (2005). Muslim American Mobilization. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 14(1), pp.7-43. [DOI:10.1353/dsp.0.0004]
[3] Brady, H.E., Verba, S. and Schlozman, K.L., (1995). Beyond SES: A resource model of political participation. American political science review, pp.271-294. [DOI:10.2307/2082425]
[4] Caramani, D., (2008. Party systems. Comparative politics, pp.318-347.
[5] Choi, J., Gasim, G. and Patterson, D., (2011). Identity, Issues, and Religious Commitment and Participation: Explaining Turnout among Mosque‐Attending M uslim A mericans. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 11(3), pp.343-364. [DOI:10.1111/j.1754-9469.2011.01138.x]
[6] Crane, R.D., (1997). Shaping the Future: Challenge and Response. Tapestry Press.
[7] Djupe, P.A. and Grant, J.T., (2001). Religious institutions and political participation in America. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40(2), pp.303-314. [DOI:10.1111/0021-8294.00057]
[8] Haddad, Y.Y. and Lummis, A.T., (1987). Islamic values in the United States: A comparative study. Oxford University Press, USA.
[9] Haddad, Y.Y., (2007). The post-9/11 hijab as icon. Sociology of religion, 68(3), pp.253-267. [DOI:10.1093/socrel/68.3.253]
[10] Hastedt, G.P., (2014). Encyclopedia of American foreign policy. Infobase Publishing.
[11] Hastedt, G.P., (2017). American foreign policy: Past, present, and future. Rowman & Littlefield.
[12] Holyoke, T.T., (2020). Interest groups and lobbying: pursuing political interests in America. Routledge. [DOI:10.4324/9781003041795]
[13] Hook, S.W. and Scott, J.M. eds., (2011). US foreign policy today: American renewal? CQ Press.
[14] Huda, Q.U., (2006). Conflict prevention and peace-building efforts by American Muslim organizations following September 11. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 26(2), pp.187-203. [DOI:10.1080/13602000600937630]
[15] Huntington, S.P., (2000). The clash of civilizations? In Culture and politics (pp. 99-118). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-349-62397-6_6]
[16] Jamal, A., (2005). The political participation and engagement of Muslim Americans: Mosque involvement and group consciousness. American Politics Research, 33(4), pp.521-544. [DOI:10.1177/1532673X04271385]
[17] Jalalzai, F., (2009). The politics of Muslims in America. Politics and Religion, 2(2), pp.163-199. [DOI:10.1017/S1755048309000194]
[18] Jones-Correa, M.A. and Leal, D.L., (2001). Political participation: Does religion matter?. Political Research Quarterly, 54(4), pp.751-770. [DOI:10.1177/106591290105400404]
[10] Lijphart, A., (2012). Patterns of democracy: Government forms and performance in thirty-six countries. Yale University Press.
[20] Lewis, B., (1993). Islam and the West. OUP USA.
[21] Malinovich, N., (2006). The americanization of islam in the contemporary United States. Revue francaise detudes americaines, (3), pp.100-112. [DOI:10.3917/rfea.109.0100]
[22] Marranci, G., (2004). Multiculturalism, Islam and the clash of civilisations theory: rethinking Islamophobia. Culture and Religion, 5(1), pp.105-117. [DOI:10.1080/0143830042000200373]
[23] Merelman, R.M., (1986). Revitalizing political socialization. Political psychology, pp.279-319.
[24] Larson, D.W. and Mintz, K., (2012). Understanding Foreign Policy Decision Making. Perspectives on Politics, 10(1), p.227.
[25] Nasr, S.H., (2009). The heart of Islam: Enduring values for humanity. Zondervan.
[26] Norris, P., (2004). Electoral engineering: Voting rules and political behavior. Cambridge university press. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511790980]
[27] Mancur Jr, O., (1968). The logic of collective action: Public goods and the theory of groups.
[28] Poston, L.A., (1991). Da'wa in the West. The Muslims of America, pp.125-135.
[29] Putnam, R.D., (2000). Bowling alone: America's declining social capital. In Culture and politics (pp. 223-234). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-349-62397-6_12]
[30] Read, J.N.G., (2008). Muslims in America. Contexts, 7(4), pp.39-43. [DOI:10.1525/ctx.2008.7.4.39]
[31] Rosenstone, S.J. and Hansen, J.M., 1993. Mobilization, participation, and democracy in America. Longman Publishing Group.
[32] Tsebelis, G., (1990). Nested games: Rational choice in comparative politics (Vol. 18). Univ of California Press.
[33] http://www.pewforum.org/2016/01/27/faith-and-the-2016-campaign/