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Abstract Budget process is one of the most important policy processes in every state which can be an area for using various interest groups’ power, groups that involve in bargaining process to gain further resources and profit. These influences are important for their role to hampering growth and creating poverty and inequality in different area of policy and economy. It was regarded in this research that, although almost all of budget process phases are appropriate for using interest groups’ power in Iran, but it seems that influences in formulation and approval phases are more appropriate.

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                Our country's legislator in 2010 by pursuing the developed countries, in the form of Article 107 of the Fifth Development Scheme Act of Islamic Republic of Iran, provided the formation ground of economic-legal institution, “Economic Interest Group”, for joint economic and trading activities. The authors, while criticizing the placement of the mentioned article and  defective statute in the Fifth Scheme Act, which is a temporary act, having pointed out the history of the Economic Interest Group, the necessity for its inclusion and comparing it with similar institutions as well, have analyzed the above article merely in terms of the requirements of forming Group, as well as the European :union:’s procedure regarding The economic interest groups , and have put forward their perspective along with suggestions. This institution has almost the same function of “joint venture” without legal entity. However, it could also be different from “joint venture” concerning the liability of members against third-parties. There are also differences between the mentioned institution with consortium (Companies :union:). Formation of Economic Interest Group is allowed and carried out for the purposes of trading and non-profitable activities with conforming to the Islamic rules and the principles of Harm Prohibition and Monopoly Prevention. The contract formation must be written having limited duration and registered in the Companies Registration Organization. There has been no any enforcement stipulated in Article 107 for failure to registering the Economic Interest Group’s contract formation in the Companies Registration Organization.      * Corresponding Author’s E-mail: Tafreshi@modares.ac.ir

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Most of the researchers in American politics and public policy focus on the Presidency, Congress, and Judiciary as the main institutions in the U.S. and consider the relations and interactions among them. However, the relationship between these main institutions affected by interest groups which can be seen in the process of decision making and their contribution to the public sphere. In an attempt to consider the role of interest groups, this paper’s main concern is to study the influence of interest groups on the public sphere in general, and particularly, the role of religious interest groups in the process of decision making for Muslim communities. The paper’s assumption is that the mosque and other religious institutions in the U.S. have multifaceted roles to mobilize Muslims and push them for sociopolitical participation and on the other hand; they can affect legislative and executive branches in their process of decision making. I will review the literature of interest groups, religious organizations, and policy-making models to explain the process of decision making and the factors that affect these procedures. Then I consider the effect of these Muslim institutions on the process of decision making in the U.S. and explain the relationship between these interest groups and policymakers in the U.S.