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Eric Landowski's semantic and interactive system based on four paradigms of "planning"; "Persuasion"; "Accident and adaptation" is based on the principles of "regularity", "intention", "chance" and "emotional", respectively. Naturally, it is possible to implement this model in epistemological and religious fields in which it is compatible with the interactive practices of the subjects, and based on this, the variety and difference of religious personality practices can be read with this model. Contract. One of the discourses in the Holy Quran is the conversations and interactive practices of Prophet Yusuf with other people in the surah. Relying on a descriptive-analytical method, this study seeks to examine the dialogues and interactive practices of Yusuf's story based on the theoretical framework of Eric Landowski and to explain the relationship between this model and the characters of Surah Yusuf. The general result of the research shows that the subjects and interactive practices are distinguished from each other on the basis of four semantic systems, and each of the characters in the story is adapted based on one of the four semantic systems. Is interception; Among them: It is the interactive practices of Prophet Yusuf (AS) that are based on the type of insight and ideology of the origin and destination of the universe, within the framework of the programmatic semantic system, and other characters are also based on the type of insight and goals. Which follow are debatable and applicable in one or two types of this semantic system.

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Electronic wastes are known as the most important solid wastes in 21th century. They are producing two or three time faster than other solid waste streams. Many researchers studied bioleaching of e-wastes using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The presence of alkaline metals cause e-wastes show an alkalinity nature. By adding e-wastes to the environment the pH of solution increases sensibly. Many researchers supposed the optimal pH range of A. ferrooxidans which is 1.5-2.5 as the optimal pH range to reach maximum recovery. So in the bioleaching process by daily pH adjusting in the range and using sensible amount of sulfuric acid, control the pH of solution about 2. In this research two same experiments, just the pH of one of them was adjusted daily, were done. In both experiments the environmental situation including pulp density of 15 g/l, inoculum 10% (v/v), the temperature of 30ºC, and shaking rate of 130 rpm was the same. For 25 days Cu recovery, bacterial count, pH, and Eh were examined. The results showed the maximum Cu recovery at the sample without pH adjusting was about 100% but at the sample with pH adjusting recovery was reduced to 90%. The bacterial count diagram showed the bacterium is well active in both experiments. To maximize recovery, reducing acid consumption, and increasing process economy there is no need to adjust the pH of solution.

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Aims: Urban space is one of the main places for people's social interactions, which includes squares, streets, accesses, etc. these spaces require a comprehensive design that means comfortable and easy to use for all people with physical and mobility limitations. A significant part of the citizens are people with disabilities, so special attention should be paid to addressing their needs and problems in the city. People with disabilities include Persons with physical, mental, sensory, and internal disabilities, pregnant women, children, and the elderlyIn this regard, the purpose of this article is to identify the physical problems of people with disabilities in the study area and evaluate them for the presence of people with disabilities.

Methods: after recognizing the current situation by studying library resources, by conducting a field survey, it has been analyzed by SWOT method and Wizard scenario. After prioritizing the developed strategies, executive solutions have been designed. 

Finding and Conclusion: The results obtained from this study show that one of the most aim problems in the target axis is the lack of adaptation of furniture for the use of people with disabilities, lack of proper flooring, lack of adaptation of transportation stations. Appeared. Also, performing solutions such as adapting service uses, adapting transportation stations, standard flooring for all types of low-power groups, locating suitable urban furniture, designing urban furniture for the use of all citizens, and creating sensory and audio panels to adapt spaces. A city helps for the presence of people with disabilities.

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Sayyed Mortaza Qasemzadeh Associate Professor Department of Law, Faculty of Judicial Sciences and Admenistrative Services  Although, the meaning of interpretation and adjustment is clear and each one should be applied in its own place, it is possible that the judge interpret it in the coverage of adjustment. The message of this article is that the mentioned meanings have independency and each one naturally should be used in its own place and whenever the interpretations in the coverage of adjustment, it's authorized and its reversed is forbidden. The main aim in interpretation is making clear contract provisions and obviating its ambiguity as well. All interpretators' at temp is to obviate all covers with the use of interpreting rules and to achieve to the common intention of both parties. Judge cannot deviate from common will of both parties and review on the provisions of contract or impose his own will on them, though it is near to justice or in agreed with it. Because, the justice should be searched in the shadow of parties mutual consent which has obtained in freedom. But in adjustment ( legal & jurisdiction), it is revocated from common intention of both parties and contract provisions coordinate with new conditions. Nevertheless, on the basis of an analysis, legal adjustment specified by judge ends to contract interpretation; it refers basically to the contract adjustment and has root in agreement of both parties. Because this analysis is justified by using a kind of joint & implied consent provision and as a result interpretation occures in the coverage of adjustment. This article has been prepared and compiled in two parts: binary interpretation and adjustment (first part) and the requirement of will governing principle, adjustment and similar samples in divine law and subject law (second part), respectively.

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New approaches to semiotics with a phenomenological landscape further studies signification creation processes in a form beyond causal systems and emphasizes the role of cognitive-emotional competence of body. In this study, we used a descriptive - analytical method and interdisciplinary research methodology by referring to the components of the "complexity theory". We have shown that how the creation patterns of signification through interaction and "Co-Presence" of body subjects in semiotic system, have similar behavior and interactions of complex development systems where they are a function of the characteristics of chaotic behavior based on the "chaos theory". The result of this research is not only a query for the existence of adjustment pattern between the two theoretical fields, but also it provides scientific mapping based on interdisciplinary approach for the existence of patterns in the creative process that some of its characteristics are already studied in the semiotic adjustment and also in language systems as theoretical or empirical forms. Generally, systems of signification including "language" are not independent of the human subject, in the sense that they are the product of biochemical and neurological interactions of organism (a complex system) called "humans". It is expected that the semiotic systems as well as complex system be based on behavior patterns of "Chaos Theory".
Also the other function of the compliance, apart from providing scientific backing for the theoretical or empirical observations, is that it can explain the concepts such as "insecurity", "risk", "emotional contagion" and "perceptual sensitivity" in the process of signification creation in the compliance system based on chaos theory, yet some of the key features of the meaning production are explained both in language and verbal adaptation of the systems.
 
 
 

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Eric Landowski; the postgreimassien semiotician, defines his semiotic and interactive model as the program of discipline, conviction, coincidence and adjustment,  according to the principles of "rule", "intentionality", "luck" and  " sensible" paradigm respectively. Naturally, this model can be encompassed in the social domain in which we encounter with the interactive practices of subjects. 

If we accept that basically educational activity is defined on the basis of the interaction between the three different factors: the subject of the educator, the subject of the learner, and the object and method on which the training is based, we can study and explore the diversity and the difference for the training practices with this model. 

In the present article we tried to examine carefully this model and the characteristics of each of these semiotic and interactive systems. We will present another model, the virtuous and vices one in order to read the possible interactions between the educator's actor and the educator actor in a social welfare class to say  the classroom.

 Accordingly, different educational methos of analysis and fundamental philosophy upon which each of them has been founded will be explored and examined by introducing various educational goals and patterns. 

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Aims: Diabetic Neuropathy Pain (DNP) is a chronic condition that arises from nerve damage caused by prolonged hyperglycemia. It leads to burning, tingling, and sharp pain, primarily in the extremities. This study examines the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in mitigating recurrent negative thoughts, reducing anxiety sensitivity, and enhancing emotional adjustment in individuals with DNP.
Method and Materials: The study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group, involving 36 patients with DNP from Ardabil clinics located in Ardabil, Iran in 2024. Patients were purposively sampled and randomly assigned to intervention (n = 18) and control (n = 18) groups. The intervention group underwent eight 90-minute CBT sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Data were gathered using the Repetitive Negative Thinking Questionnaire, Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3, and Emotional Adjustment Measure. The collected data were analyzed using MANCOVA in SPSS-27.
Findings: The results demonstrated that CBT significantly improves emotional adjustment (F = 49.46) and reduces recurrent negative thoughts (F = 45.41), as well as physical (F = 52.27), cognitive (F = 59.61), and social dimensions of anxiety sensitivity (F = 38.34) in individuals with DNP (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The findings highlight CBT's transformative impact on the psychological resilience of DNP patients, fostering adaptive emotional regulation and diminishing maladaptive thought patterns. By addressing the interconnected dimensions of anxiety sensitivity and emotional adjustment, CBT offers a pathway to holistic pain management, emphasizing its potential as a cornerstone in the psychological care of chronic pain conditions.


 

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Considering the analysis of phenomenological discourse from the semiotic perspective, the tattoo semiotic system focuses on linguistic reproduction. Discourse reveals some aspects of sensory perception to the subject. Proper body is a path to the sensory perception of the lost dimensions of meaning and the lived experience of phenomena. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of sensory perception of phenomenological tattoo in the framework of semiotics of discourse. Throughout the research process and with the development of Merleau-Ponty and Landowski theory, the authors  study the written tattoo with the semiotic approach of  Paris school of semiotics by dealing with the process of discovering, producing and receiving meaning. In the present study, the findings showed that  the phenomenological tattoo leads the semiotic system of language towards the discovery of the lived experience of presence and reveals the hidden layers of meaning and conceal the obvious meanings. This is a feature of meta-discourse that manifests itself within discourse in order to achieve power and immortality, and leads to transcendence of  semiotic system of discourse.

1. Introduction
Linguistic signs that are purposefully imprinted on the body by painting, tattooing or bruising are considered to be tattoo in this article. What is clear is that the tattoos are painted on human bodies for ideological, cultural, social, epic, mystical, ritual and aesthetic functions. The presence of Tattoos in Iranian folk culture with various functions indicates its importance in the manifestation of the language system. The subject, in an Ethos relationship due to the presence of the tattoo object, mutates beyond an aesthetic discourse into meta-discourse and seeks a direct interaction with the existence of presence. Merleau-Ponty believes that the world contains meanings in relation to the body-subject. According to him, sensory perception is a kind of absorption and fascination in the world. The actant subjects are separated from the system of continuity in the spark of the moment, and thus meaning is reproduced and perceived at the level of discourse deep structure. The subject faces a fundamental challenge and problem within himself for essence and the way of survival and to express power in life; and by imprinting a mental idea on his body, it crystallizes the flow of linguistic fluid, the result of which is the metamorphosis of the stative subject from within.
 
2. Literature Review
The main issue of this research is to read the semantic system of a corps propre beyond a definite linguistic text as a phenomenal text, based on the study of semiotigue with a phenomenological perspective. The main question in this research refers to the way of the subject's sensory perception in the interactive process of the subject and the tattoo object, and examines the phenomenal text based on Landowski's discursive semantic systems. The discourse analysis of the semantic system in this study is based on the sensory perceptual principle. The theoretical foundations of this interdisciplinary research are the combination of Merleau-Ponty phenomenology with the semiotigue of the Paris school. The study of the corpus in this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data analysis is qualitative. The present study is grounded on the Landowski's accident and adjustment discourses based on the sensory perceptual principle.
 
3. Methodology
Semiotigue is a discourse-oriented approach that concentrates on the process of producing, receiving and perceiving meaning and reads it in a dynamic and fluid communication of enunciation. In soft semiotigue, which was initially formed from the idea of Greimas's imperfection of signification, subjects attempt to create language with a poststructuralist view in order to achieve imperfection of signification, and avoid repeating definite linguistic implications. In reading Eastern literary and visual texts with soft semiotigue, one can reflect on the process of discovering and intuition of subjects within the narrative; and with the passage of linear time at language deep structure in a pure and attractive form due to the moment of spark, one can perceive deep abstract concepts derived from religion that are beyond the reach of subjects at the level of semantic surface structure.
 
4.Conclusion
In the analysis of tattoos from the perspective of Landowski's semantic systems, we have reached the approach that the semantic function of tattoos is not always definite and due to the occurrence of meaning, there is a possibility of the presence of a corps propre. Phenomenological tattoo leads the semantic system of language towards the discovery of the lived experience of presence.
The discourse of rebellion transforms the actant subject into an anti-actant one, and in adaptive interaction with the pseudo-subject imprinted on his body, intensifies the risk of discourse. Discourse transforms the rebellion of the active subject into a subconscious and, in adaptive interaction with the pseudo-subject imprinted on itself, intensifies the risk of discourse. In these works, the phenomenal text reveals the underlying and hidden layers of meaning and conceals the obvious and definite meanings. This is a prominent feature of meta-discourse that manifests itself within discourse in order to achieve the value of power, becoming a hero, and survival, and transcend the semantic system of discourse. This phenomenal space is no longer definite, argumentative, and cognitive, and brings the subject into an existential discourse.
 

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Vicia sativa L., an annual winter growing leguminous plant, is a valuable source of protein and minerals for cattle. Drought is one of the key stress factors that influence plant growth and development. In order to investigate common vetch physiological and molecular responses under Normal irrigation (N) and two levels of drought stress [S₁= 30% and S₂= 10% Field Capacity (FC)], a greenhouse experiment was carried out on two genotypes, namely, Mahalimaraghe and 41,and some physiological traits [e.g. Relative Water Content (RWC), Electro Leakage (EL), total protein, chlorophyll (a, b), and carotenoid content] were measured and expression patterns of three genes (sod, aq1 and bzip) were evaluated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Results showed that expression pattern of all three genes and physiological responses had significantly changed in response to the stress. The highest increase in the expression of each of the three genes was observed in Mahalimaraghegenotype in S₁ condition compared to N. In contrast, under S₂ condition compared to N, the highest increase in expression of the three genes was observed in genotype 41. In comparison of S₂ with S₁, the highest changes in expression of all the three genes was observed in Mahalimaraghe genotype. All together, the obtained results may facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanism of V. sativa in response to drought stress, and also provide the basis of effective genetic engineering strategies for improving stress tolerance of V. sativa.

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In order to determine the best growing media for Gerbera jamesonii under alkaline conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted with two factors, namely: (i) Growing medium, and (ii) Concentrations of bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) in nutrient solution. Results showed that increasing the concentration of NaHCO₃ from 0 to 40 mM in nutrient solution significantly decreased plant growth, maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (F_v/F_m), photosynthesis Performance Index (PI), Glutamine Synthetase (GS) activity, Leaf Relative Water Content (LRWC), Chlorophylls (Chl a, b and total Chl) and carotenoids. Under alkalinity stress, reduction in vegetative growth, F_v/F_m, PI, LRWC, GS activity and photosynthesis pigments content was the lowest in Coconut Fiber (CF) substrate compared to the other substrates. Furthermore, plants grown in CF substrate had higher soluble sugars and proline content than those in other substrates. On the other hand, plants grown on Perlite (P) substrate had the highest reduction in growth and physiological characteristic in alkaline conditions. The alleviation of alkalinity-induced growth inhibition of plants by CF substrate may be related to improvement of photosynthesis, enhancement of GS enzyme activity and osmotic regulation. It is concluded that the use of CF substrate could provide a useful tool to improve alkalinity tolerance of gerbera plants under NaHCO₃ stress.

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The most important tools to perform tasks effectively in environments with heterogeneous and diverse workforce are cultural intelligence and work adjustment. The cultural intelligent helps to make relationship with people that have different culture in appropriately mood. According to importance of this issue, this study is to investigate the influence of cultural psychological capital, cultural intelligence and organizational trust on work adjustment. Research method is based on practical purpose and descriptive-correlation. The Statistical population is Hajj and Ziarat Organization in Tehran. After simple random sampling, 175 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire are all in Likert range and after assessed and certified by experts have been distributed, collected and analyzed by SPSS22 and LISREL8.8 software. By calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability and validity through first-order and second-order confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Research hypotheses were tested using path analysis. The results showed that psychological capital on cultural intelligence, Cultural intelligence on organizational trust have significant positive impact. Also organizational trust and work adjustment is positive and significant effect.

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General average which is against particular average ‎expresses a concept that any loss or damage has been intentionally and ‎reasonably made or incurred for the common safety to properties in a common maritime ‎adventure should have been contributed among all those who have been benefited from this act. ‎General average adjustment concludes recognition of general average act, adjustment of losses and finally contributing of ‎the loss among others. After that General average act occurred and the Adjusting work granted to the ‎Adjuster, he should‏ ‏issue the General average adjustment after certifying that‏ ‏the General ‎average act had been occurred. For setting up the General average adjustment, he should first ‎adjust the Losses. Losses would cover both damages and losses. ‎properties which are subject to damage are the ship, cargo and freight that their loss is investigated. loss of freight in this chapter will be included in losses to cargo.
Key Words: General Average, General Average Adjustment, York Antwerp Rules 2016  

 

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Recent statistics showed that larger number  of Iranian girls are being pushed to the state of absolute celibacy. This is in clear contrast with social, cultural and religious values in the country; therefore, it has made serious concerns for both policy makers and the public. The present study aimed to a) explore why do girls prefer to stay unmarried and what their perception and feeling is in regard to marriage and b) investigate the social adjustment of these girls as a significant facet of mental and social health. An open-ended questionnaire was used for the first aim and Bell Adjustment Inventory (Bell, 1962) was applied on 40 girls with absolute celibacy and 40 married  . The two groups were matched in demographic features and the  findings, which are all discussed in Iranina society along with its existed values, showed  that remaining  celibacy is an undesirable  status occurred mainly due to not finding and  the right person. The other contributing reasons leading to girls’ celibacy are their imaginary and sort of perfectionistic attitude about their future partner, family’s  arrangements and interferences, financial limitations and physical attractions.  The statistical results indicated that girls with absolute celibacy scored less in total adjustment score and two of the subscales of adjustment at home and social adjustment.