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Showing 53 results for Vision
Volume 2, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract
Having the Five Year Development Plans (FYDP) of the fisheries sector (Shilat) in mind, and based on the resources documentation and content analysis of two scenarios of the “continuation of the current trend” and the “optimal situation”, this research provides the future opportunities and threats and also suggestions towards improving the situation and relevant decision making. The assessment of production indices demonstrated that in each of the plans, except the third one, not a so-logical growth rate was envisioned for the fisheries development. Of 5% predicted growth in fisheries sector within 23 years, only 4.5%, or 90.3% of the goal, has been realized, which means the policies and programs have not been completely performed. Although possessing the world ranking of 21st in aquaculture and 32nd in fishing, potential and capacities in Iran indicate a far higher exploitation and utilization possibilities from the present resources, which require better policies and approaches as well as a large and targeted investment by the government
Volume 2, Issue 8 (3-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Chess Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on a 360-degree approach. The population consisted of three groups of managers, athletes and stakeholders (n = 1090). A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection that included three sections: demographic information and performance comparison of the previous period and a new period of chess federation management (including six dimensions of management and finance, evaluation, control and supervision, human resource management, championship and achievement of goal). Education, research and cultural and information technology) and factors influencing the development of this federation. Twelve experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaires, and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.88, α = 0.90). Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paired t-test, independent t-test and Friedman test using SPSS 22 software. Finally, the impact of four factors on the progress of this federation was calculated and ranked. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the federation has improved in every six dimensions in the new management period compared to the previous one. Regarding factors influencing progress, management and finance had the highest and information technology and athletes had the least impact on federation progress. In general conclusion, it can be said that the correct management of variables affecting chess exercise can improve the performance of this sport.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the function of civil divisions in the implementation of spatial planning plans in Kermanshah province. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the research is applied. The present study is based on the findings of a questionnaire taken from 218 specialized citizens of Kermanshah province (professors and students of political geography, spatial planning and regional planning) and the structural analysis model for confirmatory factor analysis is used to analyze the data. Based on the estimation of standardized coefficients of the structural and model based on the confirmatory factor analysis of the research and the level of significance (α = 0.068) obtained in the diagram, spatial consistency indices and corresponding information with a direct and positive coefficient of 0.84, proportionality of administrative-executive frameworks with a direct and positive coefficient of 0.90, the resource efficiency and territorial capacities with a direct and positive coefficient of 0.97 are effective. Among the components of efficiency of territorial resources and capacities, the degree of unity and social cohesion of the population groups of the province to advance development goals with 0.77, among the appropriateness of administrative-executive frameworks of land management programs, arrangement and rational establishment of national divisions (Cities, districts, etc.), in terms of the arrangement of ethnic and religious groups in order to optimally implement the province's spatial planning plans with a direct score of 0.65 and among the components of the division of space and related information, the zoning component within the province based official criteria within the province with a direct effect of 0.79 had the greatest impact on the implementation of spatial planning.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
According to Iran’s visions "Iran is a country achieved the first position of economy, science and technology in Southwest Asia, with emphasis on the software and science." Since the base line of this vision is knowledge core, in this study is conducted in Science and Technology sectors considering being knowledge core. Therefore developing such strategic model with accordance to Iran’s 20 years period vision was perused. Knowledge core consists of three layers, humans, organization and society. Each of these layers have different dimension. For each of these dimensions, indicators has proposed and to confirm those indicators, a six steps process has conducted. Cultural, economic, social, political, scientific, financial, indicators totaling 2,100 were identified. Doing analysis, 1178 indicators were extracted and grouped in 20 categories. 313 indicators considered based on meaningfulness analysis approach and 40 of them selected using focus groups. Selected indicators ranked based on frequencies. In this research content analysis, Delphi, interview and questionnaire have been used. Collected data analyzed using statistical softwares by chi-square test. According to the results, the wise man, the wise organization and the wise community formed the main aspects of the research model. According to Iran’s visions "Iran is a country achieved the first position of economy, science and technology in Southwest Asia, with emphasis on the software and science." Since the base line of this vision is knowledge core, in this study is conducted in Science and Technology sectors considering being knowledge core. Therefore developing such strategic model with accordance to Iran’s 20 years period vision was perused. Knowledge core consists of three layers, humans, organization and society. Each of these layers have different dimension. For each of these dimensions, indicators has proposed and to confirm those indicators, a six steps process has conducted. Cultural, economic, social, political, scientific, financial, indicators totaling 2,100 were identified. Doing analysis, 1178 indicators were extracted and grouped in 20 categories. 313 indicators considered based on meaningfulness analysis approach and 40 of them selected using focus groups. Selected indicators ranked based on frequencies. In this research content analysis, Delphi, interview and questionnaire have been used. Collected data analyzed using statistical softwares by chi-square test. According to the results, the wise man, the wise organization and the wise community formed the main aspects of the research model.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (12-2021)
Abstract
The growing trend of local conflicts within the national space of countries and between the political-administrative realms raises this issue that on what factors and foundations are such conflicts and tensions are based and what mechanism do they follow? Although fundamental differences and contradictions in various spatial -geographical, social, cultural and ethnic, historical, political, etc are the basis of many internal tensions and conflicts in countries, the method of management and political organization of the space in the form of civil divisions is one of the most important factors intensifying or reducing these conflicts. Therefore, in this research, using the descriptive-analytic method and relying on library resources, the most important causes and sources of tension and conflict among political-administrative realms within countries are discussed. The results showed that factors such as the pattern of political management of national space, changes in borders and boundaries of the administrative divisions, natural and cultural heterogeneity in divided units, unbalanced development of political -administrative units, the geography of power and support participation, local competitions, electoral constituency, place senses of units and the resulting identity effects, unbalanced shapes and sizes of divided units, border disputes and environmental issues are the most important factors in creating tension and conflict among political -administrative realms. All of these factors are in a systematic relationship and their interactions will intensify conflicting interests and diverge and eventually create tensions and conflicts among the political -administrative realms.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Political organization of space is an organized human space based on political considerations and it is one of the most important factors of territoriality in different scales for political roles, to control and effective management of land and in all countries of the world it is one of the pillars of development. The civil divisions of the country are one of the dimensions of the political organization of the space used by governments. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the method of data collection is matrix. The purpose of this study is the pathology of the political organization of space in Iran from the perspective of the structure- agent approach. The results show that the structural factor with components such as constitution, type of government, national security, laws of division of the country, development programs, security laws, emergency controls, strategic ideas, high oversight, the prevailing political discourse and the central development model have the greatest impacts. Among the components of the Agent, the components of president and members of parliament have a high weight in the political organization of space in Iran but other agent components are not effective and in general, the influence of the structure factor in political organization of space is greater than the agent in Iran.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (1-2003)
Abstract
To achieve a reasonable level of precision in tractor-based field operations, a tractor operator has to guide accurately, monitor and control both the tractor and the attached implement. Since guidance is the most time consuming task among the others, researchers have attempted to automate the guidance task. However, the use of automatic guidance and control in agricultural applications is not always appropriate. Transportation of the vehicle on a public road is an example of this. Some researchers, therefore have focused on Vision-Aided methods to give some guidance aid to the driver rather than on eliminat-ing the driver. To investigate the accuracy of such methods, a Vision-Aided tractor guid-ance belt-type simulator was developed. An experimental prototype of the simulator was constructed. To evaluate the prototype, a completely randomized factorial experiment was conducted with forward speed, heading angle, and camera tilt angle being the major factors under investigation. The simulator performed satisfactorily at 5 and 7km/h and mean deviations of 1.14 and 2.31cm were obtained respectively.
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
Introduction
Media literacy leads to public rights discourse. The discourse of public law is effective in monitoring the government through the qualitative and quantitative expansion of the demanding element. People are more persistent in insisting on the rights they are sure they have the right to have. In all societies, the interested people with the power of influence in the field of media turn society into an unequal campaign. The way to deal with this is to expand the right to media literacy. In addition, in advertisements that aim to show reality and distort it deliberately and biasedly, if the audience does not have enough knowledge and is deprived of many sources to benefit from information, it will not result in a distortion of reality or an inorganic change of public opinion. The action of the government in promoting media literacy, in addition to fulfilling one of the human rights, is a smart action that is effective in the field of public participation. If citizens benefit from the right to media literacy, we are faced with a controlling power that relies on collective wisdom. The present article is trying to find a universal solution through theory in order to have a micro-oriented government by relying on the processing citizens.
Methodology
The method of carrying out library research is analytical-descriptive. In this regard, in order to answer the questions and test the assumptions, the method of content analysis has been used.
The information has been collected by the library method and by extracting vouchers from reliable sources. After collecting information and laws in the fields of freedom of expression, freedom of information, media rights, public opinion and the right to education, the issue has been analyzed. In order to benefit from the role of interactive media, attention has been paid to the recent laws of the parliament and the amount of use of keywords related to those laws in the virtual space before they were approved in the public forum of the parliament. The findings indicate the approval of some recent laws based on public opinion, especially regarding the country's annual budget. The statistical population considered for the research is the Islamic Republic of Iran. Although, the ideas of researchers from other countries and other legal systems have also been used,
Results and discussion
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Media literacy guarantees the exchange of correct information and rational media filtering by using public wisdom. Media literacy significantly reduces the level of political indifference, a crisis facing modern society. The level of sudden arousal of motions by the media is less observed in societies that have a favorable level of media literacy. In addition to monitoring the government's power, increasing media literacy will increase the psychological security of society. The prerequisites for mastering the skill of selection are awareness and freedom. Strengthening and understanding the world
of life by guaranteeing fundamental rights lead to the evolutionary evaluation of justice by citizens. The supervisory function of interactive media plays a critical role in increasing responsibility and accountability in various social fields.
The regulatory role of the media is directly related to the recognition and guarantee of the public domain. The government is obliged to protect the public domain. The exchange of information in the public sphere is considered a part of the new freedoms and the continuation of the right to freedom of expression. People are trying to achieve mutual understanding in their interactions, and the active and interpretive presence of elites in the public domain plays a key role in promoting media literacy. In interactive media, where it is possible to benefit from collective wisdom through public opinion, and in social media, where content is produced by the public, it finds symmetry with Habermas' concept of the world of life. The active presence of citizens in the public domain requires guaranteeing freedom of expression and the right to access information. In this regard, changes in the laws related to the right to teach media literacy are inevitable.
Conclusions
In the modern government, with the development and growth of the media, the need for media literacy has become an inseparable part of the lives of the citizens of the modern government. The government is obliged to continuously review the laws and regulations in line with media innovations and create the evolutionary course of society through deregulation and policymaking based on needs. The power of cognition, the power of judgment, and data analysis are the fundamental foundations of media literacy education. Media literacy provides the power of understanding, the power of judgment, and the possibility of participating in collective discussions. In modern government, media literacy is the most important platform for the formation of the public sphere. By improving media literacy, the level of conscious participation improves. The public pays more attention to public domain issues.
Operational solution: knowing the laws related to the theoretical field and making demands is based on the principle of the rule of law.
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In the laws and regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran—the second paragraph of the third article, the third paragraph of the forty-third article of the Constitution, Article 26 and Clause 8 of Article 8 of the Civil Service Management Law—all of them have implicitly mentioned the need to promote media literacy as one of the duties of governance.
Volume 6, Issue 3 (6-2021)
Abstract
Aims: MusculoSkeletal Disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common problems of students which if not prevented and treated can lead to physical and psychosocial disorders.The aim of this study was to compare MSDs in two groups of students with special needs who suffering from low vision and hearing impairment.
Method and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted with of 62 students aged between 10-15 years old in Hamadan in 2019-2020 . Of these participants, 32 students living with hearing impairment and 30 students living with low visions. Demographic questionnaires and Nordic musculoskeletal disorders were used to collect data. SPSS software version 23 was used to analyse data through two-sample independent t-test, chi- square test and logestic regression.
Finding: Tottaly 62 students took part in the study. The mean age of Low Vision Students( LVS) and Hearing Impairment Students (HIS) was 12.101.47± and 12.47± 1.64 years respectively. Of all students with low vision 10 individual (33.3%) and of all students with hearing impaiement 10 individuals (31.3%) were suffering from MSDs. The most MSD affected areas in HIS was lumbar (15.6%) and in LVS was shoulder (16.7%). The results showed that MSDs did not differ significantly between the two groups of LVS and HIS (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that at least one-third of LVS and HIS suffered from MSDs. The need for therapeutic and educational strategies in the field of ergonomics interventional program for health promoting of these students with special needs should be considered.
Method and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted with of 62 students aged between 10-15 years old in Hamadan in 2019-2020 . Of these participants, 32 students living with hearing impairment and 30 students living with low visions. Demographic questionnaires and Nordic musculoskeletal disorders were used to collect data. SPSS software version 23 was used to analyse data through two-sample independent t-test, chi- square test and logestic regression.
Finding: Tottaly 62 students took part in the study. The mean age of Low Vision Students( LVS) and Hearing Impairment Students (HIS) was 12.101.47± and 12.47± 1.64 years respectively. Of all students with low vision 10 individual (33.3%) and of all students with hearing impaiement 10 individuals (31.3%) were suffering from MSDs. The most MSD affected areas in HIS was lumbar (15.6%) and in LVS was shoulder (16.7%). The results showed that MSDs did not differ significantly between the two groups of LVS and HIS (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that at least one-third of LVS and HIS suffered from MSDs. The need for therapeutic and educational strategies in the field of ergonomics interventional program for health promoting of these students with special needs should be considered.
Volume 6, Issue 4 (11-2024)
Abstract
Introduction
Administrative divisions refer to the territorial organization of the country space in a hierarchical manner, which is formed by dividing the land into smaller units along with layers of local government. Since the present situation of administrative divisions in Iran is facing challenges that pose obstacles to the realization of sustainable development and security, and considering the emphasis of the second, fourth, and fifth development plans on reforming the administrative division system, it is necessary to properly identify the weaknesses of this law and make necessary efforts to fix them and turn them into opportunities. To this aim, it can be helpful to review the laws of other countries regarding territorial organization. The present article provides a comparative study of the administrative divisions’ laws of Iran and Indonesia and seeks an answer to the following question: according to the laws of the two countries, based on which indicators and through which processes are the political units established, and how are the responsibilities and authorities distributed among the levels of local government?
Methodology
The present study is an applied research. A descriptive-analytic method and a qualitative approach were used to compare the administrative divisions’ laws of the two countries. The research data are composed of the legal documents of two countries regarding the system of administrative divisions. The data is collected through library method.
Results and discussion
In the Iranian division system, the quantitative indicator of "population" is dominant in developing and promoting the levels of administrative divisions. Other indicators mentioned in the law (position, homogeneity, sphere of influence, etc.) have not been defined, and no standard criterion has been presented for their measurement. In the Indonesian legal system, two categories of basic and administrative requirements (indicators) have been specified for the establishment of preliminary regions which, after passing the preliminary period, change to a new political region according to the approval of the law. The basic requirements (territorial and regional capacity) are the indicators that a geographical area must possess to promote the level in the division system. The important point is that these indicators have been defined, and their measurement criteria have been specified. Placing these indicators together, a diverse and multi-dimensional set of features is created that a geographical region must possess to be promoted in the division system. The outcome of these features is that a new administrative unit is developed when it has the necessary capabilities for self-reliance. Administrative requirements are, in fact, the prerequisite for starting the process of considering the creation of a political unit in the Indonesian government and parliaments. It shows that one of the indicators required for establishing new administrative units is a serious request on the part of the people, which is approved by the local parliament, the mayor/regent, the provincial parliament, and the governor.
The law of Iran has deferred any abstraction, annexation, conversion, creation, and integration, as well as determining and changing the center and the name of the units of administrative divisions, except for the province, to the proposal of the Ministry of Interior and the approval of the Cabinet of Ministers. The process of establishing political units in Iran is a top-down process. The law does not specify anything about the different stages of this process. In Indonesia, however, provinces and cities/regencies are established by passing laws. Also, any changes in the borders of the regions are regulated by law. Nevertheless, the change in the name of the region, the naming and renaming of a part of the land, the transfer of the capital, and the renaming of the capital are determined by government regulations. The characteristic feature of the Indonesian legal system in this regard is that prior to passing any law about establishing a political unit, a preliminary area must first be created for a trial period (three years) according to government regulation. During this preliminary period, the prerequisites for establishing a new province and regency/city should be provided (e.g., infrastructures, human resources, etc.). During this three-year preliminary period, the government evaluates the status of the preliminary region, and if approved, the new political unit is established according to the law by presenting a bill to the parliament. The law describes the process of creating a new preliminary region at the level of the province, the central government, and the parliaments step by step until the law is approved for establishing a new province or regency/municipality.
Iranian Law of Administrative Divisions adopts a place-oriented approach to political divisions. In other words, the law focuses on the way the land is divided without providing a description of how to manage the division levels. The mentioned law lacks provisions regarding the separation of national affairs from local ones, the responsibilities and authorities of divisional levels, coordination and communication with the central government, etc. In contrast, the Indonesian law of regional government has a space-oriented approach. In this law, regions are viewed as a geographical space with all its contents and relationships. The discussion of establishing new administrative units constitutes only one chapter of the law, and the rest of the law is a detailed description of how national affairs are separated from regional and local ones, the responsibilities and authorities of the central and regional levels, and other issues related to the management of political units, including regional finance, structure and organization, and performance monitoring.
Conclusion
The Indonesian law of regional government has some features that have negative consequences for this country; for instance, the bottom-up process of establishing political units has led to the uncontrolled proliferation of political units, resulting in spatial fragmentation, which has negative developmental consequences, and its pure imitation is not recommended. However, reviewing this law reveals that in order to reform the administrative divisions system of Iran through the approaches taken by laws of the fourth (Article (73)), fifth (Article (186)), and seventh (Article (105)) five-year development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is necessary to amend the Iranian Law of Administrative Divisions so that first, the levels of administrative divisions, including the position of the city in the division system, indicators for establishing political units, and the process of creating political units are revised. Second, it should clearly divide the responsibilities and authorities between the central government and the local government levels, including municipalities. As a result, such a law must necessarily include how to choose/ appoint heads and managers of local governments, responsibilities and authorities of all levels of government, structure, and organization of local governments, how to finance the tasks delegated to local governments, how the central government supervises local governments, etc. Definitely, drafting a comprehensive bill on administrative divisions through such an approach, representing decentralized governance from an administrative and financial point of view, requires revising and merging the laws on definitions and regulations of administrative divisions, the municipal law, the law of city and village Islamic councils, and other relevant laws as of a comprehensive law. Such a law will provide a comprehensive and transparent picture of regional and local governance and, in fact, the way the provinces and their subordinate levels are governed.
Volume 7, Issue 1 (2-2025)
Abstract
Country divisions are one of the solutions that countries follow for territorial development so that they can put the place of residence of citizens at a suitable level for living. Several factors play a role in country divisions, factors such as scientific and legal indicators, form of government and type of political regime, geography of power and support, ecological minorities, strategic environment and surrounding spaces of the country, etc. Iran is one of the countries with a historical history of having a system of country divisions, and the divisions of the country face problems. Kermanshah province is one of the border provinces that is associated with deprivation and lack of development. As one of the western provinces of the country, in line with the country division system, this province has 14 cities, 31 urban centers, 86 villages and 2,793 inhabited villages. The main goal of this article is to analyze the state of the national division system on the development of Kermanshah province. To investigate this goal, the main question raised is, what was the status of the country's division system on the level of development of Kermanshah province? In response to this question, the descriptive-analytical method has been used using library resources and internet sites. The results of research findings show that due to the formation of the first urban phenomenon for the city of Kermanshah, lack of attention to the existing cultural-religious structure in the province and lack of attention to environmental potentials, for example in the field of agriculture, the current country divisions in Kermanshah province are ineffective and It has not had a favorable effect on the development process in this province.
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2004)
Abstract
Sayed Mohammad Hashemi Professor, Faculty of Law Shahid Beheshti Under Art. 99 of Constitional Law, The supervision on election is construed a duty of the Guardian Council (Shoraye Negahban). In order to prevent the influence of executors and to guarantee a safe election, it is obvious that there should be some sort of supervision. The first condition to reach this aim is that the members of the Guardian council should not have an effective relationship to political factions and groups, and the rule of prohibition of membership in the Council with the other executive duties must be observed. In this article, by investigating the “expedient supervision” and “supervision for taking in formation” while considering the quality of the supervision, it is concluded that the superintendence of the Guardian Council is disciplinary so that the Council as an impartial observatory by comparing the volunteers’ identification with the legal conditions and by supervising the course of election could guarantee a legal and free election.
Volume 7, Issue 5 (11-2016)
Abstract
PhD Student of TEFL, English Department, Faculty of Foreign Languages and The available empirical evidence on the long-term efficacy of written corrections is limited to the studies that have investigated the effect of focused feedback on improving grammatical accuracy of two specific aspects of English articles. It is clear that focused corrections, which target only one or two grammatical error types at a time, lack ecological validity in writing courses. The aim of the present study is to investigate the reaction of different structures to corrections which enjoy more validity in writing classes. Using a pretest-posttest design, the long-term reaction of three features of English grammar (articles, the infinitive, and the present unreal conditional) to mid-focused and unfocused written feedback and revision were investigated. The results showed that on the delayed posttest, which was administered one month after the feedback treatment, the performance of the students in the experimental groups was not significantly different from the control group and that there were no significant absolute gains in any of the groups compared with pretest scores.
Volume 7, Issue 26 (3-2010)
Abstract
Ahmad Reza yalameha, Ph.D.
Abstract
Asir-eddin Akhsikati was among the Persian poets of late six century who was skilled in creation of new concepts and meanings and a well-known elegist of the Persian language. He lived in Ekhsiket in a region of Transoxiana. His book of poetry, known as Divan, was only revised and published once in 1999 by professor Rokn-oldin Homayonfarokh. This publication includes a preface on the poet's life and the method used for the revision and rewriting of old manuscripts about Akhsikati's work. Although the reviser has gone through a lot of trouble for the revision and has compared a number of manuscripts, due to delay in the comparison of the manuscripts and several misreading and disability to read many parts from the original work, added to the displacement and omission of verses, a high number of the poetic verses of this poetry book remain ambiguous and unclear. There are also too many deficiencies in the poems as well. The author of this research has had access to a few old versions of the poet's book of poetry and compared it with the published copy, finally identifying some of the mistakes, the demanded corrections, the unclear parts and even the rhythmical differences, some of which are mentioned in here. As a matter of fact some of the words have been misspelled and therefore found a totally different meaning.
Volume 8, Issue 1 (1-2006)
Abstract
Some physical attributes of two common types of Iranian garlic cloves (white and pink) were identified and compared. A machine vision system was used to determine three di-mensions and both major and minor projected areas of garlic cloves at a moisture content of 42.4% w. b. The geometric mean diameter and sphericity were calculated, as well as the unit mass and volume of cloves were measured. In the moisture range from 34.9 to 56.7% w.b., the unit density, bulk density and porosity for both types were measured. Re-sults showed that the unit density, bulk density and porosity of cloves were affected sig-nificantly by moisture content (p<0.01). The type of garlic had a highly significant effect on the unit density and porosity (P<0.01), and a significant effect on the bulk density (P<0.05). The relationship between volume and dimensions of cloves was established using regression analysis. The effect of moisture content on physical properties of cloves was also expressed by appropriate equations.
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Several factors have affected the architectural design of Persian Gardens Over time. In the meantime, Chaharbaghs have been the most numerous plans among architecture of Iranian garden. Special features of Chaharbaghs form have affected on designing other gardens. By studying the process of analyzing of Iranian gardens, and their effectiveness from quartet structures, it is possible to renovate a part of the forgotten identity of ancient architecture and also analyze the way that geometric structures affected in gardens. On the other hand, these features can be used in today’s landscaping Designing. There is a direct relationship between length to width ratio of Chaharbaghs forms and designing Safavid garden’s plan in Esfahan. Other researchers in the division of Safavid garden’s plan have focused more on other factors such as spiritual meanings of heaven architecture approach in gardens. First, this research aimed to analyze the role of geometric features embedded in the plans lies in Safavid garden in Esfahan. This article is based on field data and library data. In this study, by implementation plan of Chaharbaghs from past until now, the repeating geometric features in the process of designing the plans will be discussed. This study aimed to reveal the effect of geometric features in Chaharbaghs on designing the plans of gardens in Safavid period. In this article, first the division of gardens will be discussed. After analyzing the words and identifying the various gardens, the common and different features in various types of gardens will be examined. Completed analyzing revealed that the ratio of length to width of the overall atmosphere in comparison to Crete in Safavid garden of Esfahan, repeated like the comparison of Ancient Chaharbagh.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (1-2018)
Abstract
Aims: Biodiesel is considered as a clean fuel, because it is free of any aromatic compound. In recent years, in order to reduce the cost of production of Biodiesel, many studies have been conducted on the extraction of biofuels from microalgae around the world. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the feasibility of optimum temperature for growth of Nannochloropsis Oculata microalga by using image processing system.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a piece of Nannochloropsis Oculata microalga containing 100,000 cells per ml was cultured in 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C. In order to evaluate the growth rate, active microalgae were sampled at 24-hour intervals, and their growth was studied, using machine vision systems. The data were analyzed, using Matlab 2012 and Weka 3 software by multivariable analysis of variance, linear regression algorithm, multilayer perceptron, Gaussian processing and simple linear regression analysis.
Findings: The maximum cell density of Nannochloropsis Oculata on the 8th day was 286.23×104±0.38×105 cells per ml in treatment at 25°C and the minimum cell density was 168.58×104±0.48×105 cells per ml in treatment at 15°C. Specific growth rate was significantly increased at temperature of 25°C compared to the treatments at 15°C and 20°C. Linear regression algorithms (r2=0.84), multilayer perceptron (r2=0.88) and Gaussian processing (r2=0.78) showed good results, but simple linear regression indicated that the algorithm was unsuccessful (r2=0.45).
Conclusion: The image processing technique provides a successful estimation of the growth process of Nannochloropsis Oculata at different temperature levels.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a piece of Nannochloropsis Oculata microalga containing 100,000 cells per ml was cultured in 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C. In order to evaluate the growth rate, active microalgae were sampled at 24-hour intervals, and their growth was studied, using machine vision systems. The data were analyzed, using Matlab 2012 and Weka 3 software by multivariable analysis of variance, linear regression algorithm, multilayer perceptron, Gaussian processing and simple linear regression analysis.
Findings: The maximum cell density of Nannochloropsis Oculata on the 8th day was 286.23×104±0.38×105 cells per ml in treatment at 25°C and the minimum cell density was 168.58×104±0.48×105 cells per ml in treatment at 15°C. Specific growth rate was significantly increased at temperature of 25°C compared to the treatments at 15°C and 20°C. Linear regression algorithms (r2=0.84), multilayer perceptron (r2=0.88) and Gaussian processing (r2=0.78) showed good results, but simple linear regression indicated that the algorithm was unsuccessful (r2=0.45).
Conclusion: The image processing technique provides a successful estimation of the growth process of Nannochloropsis Oculata at different temperature levels.
Volume 9, Issue 6 (3-2018)
Abstract
This study examined the effect of metalinguistic feedback and revision on the accuracy of the regular and irregular simple past tense. To this end, 56 Azari-Turkish learners of English participated in a quasi-experimental study. The study lasted for 7 sessions. In session one, a proficiency test (KET) was administered to all learners. The learners in 4 classes were randomly assigned as a metalinguistic explanation (ME) group (N = 13), a metalinguistic explanation plus revision (R) group (N = 17), a revision group (N = 14), and a control group (N = 12). To get assurance as to the initial homogeneity of groups involved in terms of the dependent variable (i.e., past tense command), a pretest was administered. The feedback treatment was performed for 4 sessions. In each session all individuals were required to write a 150-word text in 20 min. All texts drafted in each session were returned to the same individuals with varying comments in line with the condition defined for each group. The texts produced by the control group were not manipulated. Finally, all learners took a post-test and completed an attitude questionnaire to assess their attitude towards the treatment. The results indicated that the metalinguistic explanation plus revision group outperformed the other groups significantly in the accurate use of the past tense. English teachers are advised to spare enough time to provide appropriate feedback along the writing tasks of Iranian learners of English.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (1-2021)
Abstract
The present study has done to formulate a desired long-term future vision for Iran's gas refining industry from the perspective of sustainable development. The research approach is mixed (qualitative-qua ntitative) and the research strategy is affective content analysis as a research method. The data gathered through a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with 24 senior and middle managers of the gas refining industry and academic experts in the field of sustainable development who had selected by purposeful sampling. After identifying key aspects of the sustainable development of Iran's gas refining industry, the criteria derived from this process are used to formulate the vision and by analyzing the content of the data obtained from the interviews, the desired long-term future vision for Iran's gas refining industry has been formulated from the perspective of sustainable development for the 1430. In the desired long-term future vision, the Iranian gas refining industry, while focusing on gas production as a core business, with expanding downstream industries, extracting all derivatives from gas, countervailing and compensatory measures in the area of climate change, strengthening and partnership with the Local communities, by providing an appropriate framework for transparency and reporting the information to the community and taking appropriate measures to maintain environmental equilibrium, it works in a level beyond the production of gas by creating sustainable value for the community from the wealth of natural resources.
Volume 11, Issue 2 (8-2011)
Abstract
This paper is aimed at analyzing population density, population division and economic distance on regional economic growth, using Panel Data models for 28 provinces of Iran over the period 2001-2006. The results show that religious and ethnic divisions and economic distance have negative effect and population density has positive effect on regional economic growth in Iran.