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Urmia Lake and its surroundng wetlands have been severely affected by recent droughts (1998–2003) and a considerable decrease in inflow has affected lake ecosystem components. Integrated ecosystem-based management is a useful managing tool for the wise use and biodiversity conservation of wetlands. In the process of developing an integrated ecosystem-based management model for Urmia Lake, the identification of key stakeholders is of primary importance. In this research, stakeholder analysis is used as an effective tool for establishing collaborative management in the Urmia Lake catchment in terms of the following parameters and objectives: almost all stakeholders receive multiple benefits from Urmia Lake, either directly or indirectly; almost all stakeholders also cause impacts on the lake ecosystem, many of which result from activities that take place in areas located within in the Urmia catchment but far from the lake. In general, the stakeholders who receive the most benefits seem to cause the lowest impact (for example, Environmental groups), while those who receive fewer benefits may have larger impacts (for example, water resource managers). Recognizing that all stakeholders affect the lake in one way or another is an important concept that promotes the ethic that future management of the Lake should regarded as a shared responsibility between all stakeholders.

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Introduction
Tourism in the 21^st century has become a main tool to have a high quality of life. Therefore, countries require to develop a tourism development strategy so that they can achieve its interests. In each country, the basic factors affecting the development of tourism can be divided into two parts: "contextual factors" and "tourism policy"; contextual factors are necessary condition but not sufficient. In Iran, the steps of tourism development have not been taken in the same way, which it is partly related to contextual factors and also partly related to the formulation of uniform policies and the preparation of a single version at the country level, and at the same time, there are different implementation and monitoring in the advancement of programs and policies, which has played a major role in the lack of tourism development, especially in the border regions. Hawraman's site is a clear example. This site was registered as the 26^th tangible cultural heritage of Iran by UNESCO. This site has about 409 thousand hectares of field and privacy, of which 106 thousand hectares belong to the feild and 303 thousand hectares are part of the privacy, which has a population of over 400 thousand people. This site in Kurdistan province includes the cities of Sanandaj, Kamiyaran and Sarovabad and in Kermanshah province, it includes the cities of Ravansar, Paveh, Javanroud and Salas Babajani. It has a total of 10 cities and about 700 villages and subordinate places, most of which are in Kermanshah province.
Methodology
This research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of its nature, it is also based on the method of perspective research and structural analysis. The statistical population of the research is (20 people) from people who were professionally involved in tourism activities.
Results and discussion 
The results of 36 effective and strategic indicators in the Mic Mac software show that tourism laws and regulations, macro-government policies, skilled and trained manpower, respectively, have the greatest influence and effective and also the pattern of local residents on the behavior of tourists, reducing irreversible resources, and loyalty to local customs have had the least impact on tourism development policies in Hawraman site.
Educational programs, skilled and trained manpower, awareness of the local community and tourists, cultural participation of citizens, social/psychological security, tourism events, cultural/historical works, preservation of native architecture, recreation with a tourism approach, attractiveness and desire to visit again, tourism rules and regulations, macro government policies, private sector participation and investment, tourism sector budget, de-escalation are 15 effective factors, especially within the countries of the region, on the preparations of the scenario basket and also the final factors that are effective drivers and propulsion for the tourism development policy of Hawraman site.
Conclusions
The unique differences and similarities in Hawraman site have caused the formation of diverse subcultures. Diversity of ethnicities, diversity in dress, accent, customs, etc., and at the same time cultural cohesion has created a special attraction for tourists. Preservation of this category of cultural values has special importance for the beneficiaries. Also, maintaining and remaining in the UNESCO list is highly dependent on the preservation of cultural/historical works and local architectural values and sensitivity in recreating these textures. Hence, policies and rules and regulations should be ruled that can protect world, national, local and local heritage such as preserving the environment, natural resources, human heritage, preserving cultural values, etc. Most of these policies and rules and regulations can be found in the history of this civilization of several thousand years.

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The present study reports new records of the Collembola (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) from the Bula Hyrcanian forest located in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. The results show two genera Spatulosminthurus Betsch & Betsch-Pinot, 1984 (Sminthuridae) and Wankeliella Rusek, 1975 (Tullbergiidae) and five species including Anurophorus alpinus Potapov & Stebaeva, 1990 (Isotomidae), Pseudosinella cf. decipiens Denis, 1924 and P. immaculata (Lie Pettersen, 1896) (Entomobryidae), Superodontella tyverica Kaprus, 2009 (Odontellidae), and Wankeliella bescidica Smolis & Skarżyński, 2004 (Tullbergiidae) are new records for Collembola fauna of Iran.

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Adding a new structure to the historic district is one of the methods of urban conservation that needs more cautious compared to other methods. In this regard, international organizations have addressed this issue in documents. which until now, has been investigated and analyzed less precisely. So, in this research, for the purpose of design formulations, what they are is followed up. So, by studying the documents, the required data were collected and based on the theme and structure of the design, were summarized in three levels of attitude, approach and method. Then, with the help of comparative comparison and SPSS, the design approaches are described. The collected data show that three design approached have been proposed so far. In the first, presented in the Venice Charter, the Washington Charter, the Charter of the Principles of Review, Conservation and Structural Restoration of Architectural Architecture, the New Zealand Charter and the Bura Charter, historic district as document is preferable. Therefore, it is recommended to not change and homogeny. In the second, presented in the statement of Tlaxcala and San Antonio, historic district is seen as a document and a part of a city. Therefore, it is recommended to manage change and harmony based on traditionalism. In other documents, despite the similar attitude and approach, it has been recommended to harmony with regard to characteristics of district and contemporary expression with compatibility with it.
 

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Aims: This study aims to develop a comprehensive conceptual model for the conservation and sustainable development of qanats. In this regard, various dimensions, including physical, environmental, economic, socio-cultural, and managerial aspects of these water systems, have been examined. The ultimate goal is to provide a practical framework for integrating conservation policies into rural development programs.

Methods: The research follows a mixed-method approach based on a review of international documents, previous studies, and qualitative content analysis. Subsequently, to validate the conceptual model, the Delphi method was employed in two consecutive rounds with the participation of experts. The data analysis led to the formulation of a comprehensive framework for the conservation and sustainable development of qanats.

Findings: The findings indicate that the conservation of qanats requires a comprehensive and multidimensional approach encompassing both tangible (physical, environmental, economic) and intangible (socio-cultural, managerial, policy-making) aspects. The Delphi method highlights the significance of physical conservation, sustainable water resource management, and the development of sustainable tourism. Additionally, local community participation, documentation, supportive policies, and sustainable financial resources play a crucial role in preserving these hydraulic structures.

Conclusion: The study presents a conceptual model emphasizing physical conservation, water resource management, sustainable tourism, local participation, and supportive policy-making, which can enhance conservation and development approaches in rural areas. The focus on both tangible and intangible aspects of qanats' role in the rural landscape constitutes the innovative aspect of this research compared to previous studies.
 

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  Humanities is the oldest area of study that revolves around the study of human beings, what makes us human and our historical development, and what we are expected to do. This discipline deals with human behavior, human nature, social and political values. Humanities comprise of various disciplines that include art, history, law, linguistics, philosophy, religious and ethics among others. All these subjects affect us as human beings and has an effect on our historical development as well as where we are headed to. Proper teaching of the humanities goes beyond learning the best way to write a sentence or how to draw a comparison between historical figures. In other words, if sciences represent the development of the mind, the humanities, as the name implies, exemplify the development of the human soul. In the current paper, the author discusses the crucial contribution of the humanities by exploring its actual meaning as well as its distinctive features.