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Shiri ,Gh.,Ph.D
 
Abstract:
    
"Yakoliya and her loneliness" is one of the best long stories in Persian literature. It is classified in the category of stories like "Malakut" (of the Heaven) and "Boof-e- koor" (The Blind Owl). "Yakolia and Her Loneliness" by Taghi  Modarresi is an allegorical story in which he connects the time of the “old testament” to the modern times. In this story the themes like Satan versus Jehovah, good versus evil, love versus power, and personal temptations versus common interests are always shown as influential in human life.
            The simple and sincere expressions, the numerous archaic and poetical words and structures, the numerous phrases of sentiment, the overwhelming narrative expression, and the spiritual and metaphysical atmosphere are among the common features of Yakolia and the stories of The “Old Testament”. The conformity between the rhythm and mind, time, and life situation of the characters in Yakolia, the harmony between its language and the time it shows, the conformity between its sound system and its form, and the decorum between the narrative techniques and the subject and incidents in this story have produced a certain prose style that due to its similarities with that of the Farsi version of the Bible is known as the Torah prose style.
            The suitability of the Torah pros style with the antiquity of the subject matter and the incidents in this story well signifies the artistic truth that in a quality of the structure and the language of narration are determined by the content and nature of the subject.
 
      

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A critical analysis of reader-text, especially the sacred texts as the important topic of hermeneutic, is one of the focal points of attention among scholars of humanities. This paper, through a comparative study between the Bible and the Qur’an, concentrates on the image of woman in the account of creation. The paper first shows that there are deep differences between these two sacred texts concerning the image of woman. Then it argues that throughout the Judaea-Christian history and the Islamic traditions multi and contradictory interpretations and understandings of the account have been produced by religious authorities, scholars and critics. The main purpose of the paper is to show that despite the differences between the two texts, there is a common paradigm between Judeo-Christian and Islamic traditions regarding the image of woman. This paradigm is that the authoritative discourses of both traditions have used the creation story, as a theoretical tool to downgrade women. Certainly, many factors are influential in producing this paradigm including disposition of the authors, extratextuality (the context of reading) and intertextuality (relationship of texts). In this paper, the notion of intertextuality will be emphasized, as an important factor in bringing about this paradigm.

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This paper explores the method Allāmeh Muhammad Husayn Kāshif al-Ghiṭā, a famous Muslim theorist of the 18-19^th centuries, employed in his critique of Christianity. Although, his method for looking into the Bible is similar to that of Christian and Jewish scholars, his assumptions and results are different. Based on his viewpoints on the Bible, he believes in impeccable revelations. He examined superstructure, namely accuracy of attribution of books and pamphlets to their authors as well as personality and credibility of Jesus Christ’s disciples and apostles. Lack of credibility of the twelve original disciples of Jesus Christ and unreliability of the Gospels are proved. Moreover, he has carefully examined the content as infrastructure of the New Testament. As such, incongruities can be observed between the New Testament and the Old Testament. There are contradictions in the Bible itself. He prefers to apply argumentative tactic for general readers. In addition, his application of comparative step in his critique is considerable. This paper studies Kāshif al-Ghiṭā's approach to review the Bible in order to figure out Muslim scholars' viewpoints on the Christianity.