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Derivation is a process in which adding a derivational affix leads to formation of a new word. This process has been studied by linguists for many years and mainly seen as a morphologic or morphosyntactic process. Productivity of a derivational affix (the number of new words formed by a derivational affix) is a prominent factor while considering the derivation process. Phonological and morphophonemic factors may also play role in the ratio of the productivity of an affix. This paper studies the impact of syllable structure on the productivity of verbal derivational suffixes in Persian language. The results showed that there is a close relation between the syllable structure and the productivity of the verbal suffix derivational suffixes in Persian, all of them have a vowel in their initial syllable position. As a result, we can conclude that initiation with a vowel can be considered as a productivity factor of a derivational suffix in Persian. The study of the nucleus of the syllables also showed that the two front vowels of [a, e] are the most frequent vowels of these suffixes as nucleus. Consequently, it is concluded that phonological factors, especially syllable structure of a derivational suffix, play an indispensable role in its productivity      

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Mashhadi. M.A.­,PH.D
 
Abstract
 
The metrical pause of Persian Poem is based on syllables and phonemes. When the poet uses one long syllable instead of two short syllables, he has applied metrical pause. A pause in used at any part of a line except in the beginning. A pause is particularly effective in the middle of line to change the rhythm. This research approves that the number of metrical pause (in the middle of lines) in Khaghani's lyric poems is as five times as compared with those of Anwari. The reasons are as follow:
1) The language of Anwari's lyric poem is simpler and he has taken advantage of shorter rhythms but,, the language of khaghani's lyric poem is more sophisticated and he has taken advantage of middle, long and alternating rhythms.
2) Anwari had a happier spirit than Khaghani in his personal life.
3) Khaghani's pseudonym and the necessity of its being used at the end of his lyric poem is one of the reasons for pause high frequency in his lyric poems.
   

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Although syllable is not a meaningful unit of language, it has major functional roles in language. One of the most important functional roles of syllable is the formation and organization of language’s phonetic system. Any language has its specific syllable construct (patterns), and specific restrictions for the combination and use of sounds in the syllable level. In addition, various languages usually tend to keep their syllable rules; so, syllable patterns usually are not loaned by languages. Therefore, it can be said that part of differences in phonetic systems in various languages are caused by differences in their syllable structure. On the other hand, due to its main function (formation and organization of language’ phonetic system), syllable is directly associated with the learning of language’s phonetic system. The present article deals with comparison of the common syllable patterns in Russian and Persian languages. The results show that the patterns of the Russian syllable are more diverse than that of Persian. Most important differences that are often problematic for Iranian learners are the heavy consonant cluster in the onset of Russian words and syllables, as well as the frequency of multi-syllabic words in Russian language.  

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In this paper, past stem of a number of Persian verbs which seem to be irregular have been investigated in OT theory based on Persian phonotactics. The research questions include: 1) How Persian phonotactics rules are applied to analyze past stems' segment sequences? 2) What phonological processes are applicable to preserve Persian phonotactics patterns after adding past morpheme? To answer these questions, 36 verbs which their final syllables are heavy (cv:cc) are taken into consideration according to syllable structure and phonotactics. In sum, the findings demonstrated that: a) these cases are completely regular and entirely consistent with the Persian phonotactic rules; b)there is a close relation between the nucleus of thec v:cc syllables and their final cluster; c) initial and final consonants play an indispensable role in cv:cc syllable and d)these stems obey sound sonority principle (SSP).

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Issues concerning syllable structure, as well as the arrangement and configuration of the phonological units inside a syllable or out of it (i.e. the border of two syllables), are basically discussed within the domain of phonology. This article tries to shed a new light on the issue of syllable structure and phonotactics, on the basis of data from Persian Language. Given the fact that the structure of syllable in Persian is (C)V(C)(C), the present article tries to show if there is any difference between the phonotactics of an individual syllable with that of the same syllable when combined with other syllables, and also tries to find out if there is a significant relationship between the phonotactics of words and their parts of speech. In order to do so, 4075 bisyllabic words with the syllable structure (C)V.CVC(C) were collected from two Persian dictionaries were collected, and were tagged in terms of their types  as well as their parts of speech; and the phonotactics of each were determined. The results of this research show reveal that several factors such as the type of syllable nucleus and the coda of the syllable may turn out to be effective on the phonotactics of the adjacent syllable. Also, there seems to be a specific relationship between the syllabic structures of the words with their types and parts of speech.  

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The purpose of this study is to investigate those phonological processes, speakers of Persian language and some of Iranian dialects use in order to observe the sonority sequencing principle (SSP) and the syllable contact law (SCL). Among the questions we would like answer the following questions: 1. what phonological processes are used by the speakers of Persian language and some types of Iranian languages in order to observe the sonority sequencing principle and the syllable contact law and 2. What effect does the syllable number of the word have on the application of phonological processes?. Based on the mentioned questions, these hypotheses can be made: 1. the speakers of language use the phonological processes of compensatory lengthening, metathesis, insertion, deletion and substitution in order to observe the sonority sequencing principle and the syllable contact law 2. The syllable number of the simple words does not have any effect on the application of phonological processes.
However, in order to do this research, data of Persian language are collected from the spoken language of the speakers. Then, their phonological forms are compared with Moshiri’s dictionary (2008). Data of Kordi Hurami dialect are gathered through interview with the speakers and data of Lafuri, Torbat Heidariye and Sabzevari dialects are extracted from Kambuziya (2006).
Out of 1125 gathered simple words that do not conform to the SSP and the SCL, the phonological processes of 'compensatory lengthening', 'metathesis', 'insertion', 'deletion' and 'substitution of a phonological unit with another phonological unit' are applied to 357 words by language speakers. In sum, the frequency analysis of data shows that:
The deletion of the glottal consonants / ʔ / and  / h / is more frequent in the two syllable words. In other words, this process occurs in 66/19 percent of disyllabic words, 23/94 percent of tri syllabic words and 9/85 percent of one syllable words. Furthermore, the constraint hierarchy for the phonological process of deletion of the glottal consonants and the compensatory lengthening of a vowel can be illustrated as: SON-SEQ>> No cluster-glottal, MAX-μ >> MAX-IO.
The phonological process of metathesis is more frequent in the disyllabic words. This process occurs in 65/74 percent of two syllable words, 25 percent of monosyllabic words and 9/25 percent of three syllable words. In addition, the constraint hierarchy for the application of metathesis can be shown as: SON-SEQ>> LINEARITY and  SCL>> LINEARITY.
The process of insertion is more frequent in the disyllabicwords. This process occurs in 96/87 percent of disyllabic words and in 3/12 percent of monosyllabic words. The constraint hierarchy of this process can be indicated as: SON-SEQ>> DEP-IO.
An investigation of the extracted Persian simple words shows that the sonority sequencing principle is not observed in 24 words with the structure of /CVC1C2 / . In these cases, the process of deletion is not applied. When the speakers use these monosyllabic simple words in combination with other linguistic elements, the deletion of the final consonant occurs. However, the constraint hierarchy of this process can be illustrated as: SON-SEQ>> MAX-IO.
The process of substitution occurs in some words of kordi Hurami dialect. In other words, when the sonority sequencing principle is not observed in the initial consonant cluster, the second member of the cluster which is less sonorant than the first member is substituted with another consonant which is more sonorant than the first member. The constraint hierarchy of this phonological process can be shown as: SON-SEQ>> *STOP/#C >> IDENT (manner).
Thus, it can be argued that these processes are applied to mono, di and tri syllabic words among which the frequency of disyllabic words is more than that of one and tri syllabic words.

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In Persian, the only syllable type with consonant clusters is cvcc, where its coda can be filled with two consonants. The present article attempts to find whether these two consonant conform the sonority sequencing principle or not. For this reason, the Persian words with cvcc syllable type are gathered from Persian dictionaries and are classified based on the vowel filling the nucleus of the syllables and the consonants in the first or second slot of the coda and the following results were obtained: a. Sonority sequencing principle is confirmed in clusters nuclei are /i,u,a/. b. Sonority sequencing principle is rejected in clusters with vowels /æ, e,o/. c. Based on sonority sequencing principle, vowels in Persian make up two natural classes namely / æ, e,o/ and /i,u,a/.