Showing 12 results for Social Support
Volume 2, Issue 2 (6-2014)
Abstract
Aim: Substance abuse is a substantial threat and problem to public health. The goal of drug abuse treatment is to return people to a productive normal situation in the family, workplace, and community. Treatment dropout is one of the major problems, encountered by the treatment programs. The maintenance of treatment is associated with retention in treatment, and many factors are associated with retention. The main purpose of this study is to examine the factors that play important role in retention of addiction treatment. Methods: This is a qualitative research with conventional content analysis method. Purposive sampling was applied and continued until data saturation was achieved. The participants were 22 volunteers, including outpatients, physicians and psychotherapists. The method of data collection was semi-structured face to face interview (30- 40 minutes). All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Findings: By content analysis, two categories were obtained, including emotional and informational support. The main common theme of categories was social support, which was the major requirement to retain the treatment among drug abuse outpatients. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that social support is one of the essential services to stop or reduce substance abuse. Recognizing this factor could improve interaction between the family, clinical staff and patients in addiction treatment retention.
Volume 4, Issue 2 (4-2016)
Abstract
Aim: This research has tried to study the relationship of loneliness, perceived social support, thwarted belongingness and burdensomeness with suicide among Iranian university students.
Methods: The participants of the study included a pool of 315 Iranian university students who were randomly chosen from the students studying in 2015-2016. The study design was correlational and cross-sectional. Data were collected through using four instruments: Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ), Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA), and Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ). In order to analyze the data, Pearson's correlation and step-wise regression were conducted.
Findings: The findings revealed that while the males scored higher in both factors of thwarted belongingness and burdensomeness, the females possessed greater amount of loneliness and higher rate of perceived social support as compared to their male counterparts. Moreover, although no significant difference was found between marital status and suicide, single people showed more burdensomeness whereas married people felt higher amount of loneliness as well as higher perceived social support.
Conclusion: Finally, based on the results, we can conclude that interpersonal psychological theory of suicide is moderately helpful in predicting and explaining suicidal behaviors in students.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2017)
Abstract
Aim: People receive social support from family, peers, and other social systems. Within this wide spectrum, social networks that support people unofficially involve the group of family and peers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived social support and mental health of students in Tehran.
Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was conducted on 227 students in Tehran using two questionnaires including the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) with 28 questions, and the social support inventory with two scales of Perceived Social Support from Family (PSSFA) and Perceived Social Support from Friends (PSSFR). The collected data were analyzed via SPSS18 software using Pearson correlation test.
Findings: The results showed that mental health had significant relationship with the total score of social support (p<0.05, r=0.197). Furthermore, concerning the other subscales, anxiety and sleep disorders (p<0.02, r=0.155) and social functioning (p<0.006, r=0.190) showed significant relationship with mental health. However, there was no significant correlation between PSSFR and mental health.
Conclusion: As proved by the results of this study, when social support is stronger, an individual will have a better mental health status. Moreover, people who experience a higher level of family support have a better mental health status.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to predict the chronic musculoskeletal pain adaptation to according inhabitation behavioral systems, activation behavioral systems and perceived social support.
Method and Materials: In this descriptive correlational study, 270 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain assessed with Illness Social-Psychosocial Adjustment Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, and Wilson & Gary Brain Behavioral Systems Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 statistical software using regression statistical method.
Findings: Findings revealed the behavioral inhibition system predicts pain adaptation scores positively and the behavioral activation system predicts pain adaptation scores negatively. Perception of social support in three dimensions of family, friends, and important individuals could negatively predict 42% of the variance of pain adaptation.
Conclusion: This study showed there is a relationship between behavioral brain systems and perceived social support with pain adaptation. Therefore, it can be concluded that perceived social support and behavioral brain systems predict pain adaptation
Volume 6, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract
Aims: Adolescence is a golden chance for preventing the harms caused by unhealthy behaviors and it is the time for choosing a permanent healthy lifestyle. The aim of study was to evaluate the impact of educational program on parental nutritional social support among parents' female adolescents.
Materials & Methods: The present field trial was conducted from January to May, 2016. Sixty-three female adolescents (33 persons in intervention group and 30 persons in control group) with the age range of 12 to 15 years at schools of Isfahan, Iran, were selected by multistage random sampling method as the samples of the study. Samples were randomly allocated to two groups. Adolescents’ perceived and received social support from their parents was measured, using a researcher-made questionnaire, of which the validity and reliability were approved. The intervention included 3 educational sessions (each session took 2 hours) within a one-week interval for adolescents’ parents. One month after performing the educational intervention for parents, adolescents’ received and perceived social support for having a healthy diet was measured. The data were analyzed, using SPSS 19 and independent t test, paired t test, Chi square, and Mann-Whitney test.
Findings: There was no significant difference between two groups regarding the demographic characteristics of the two groups. Also, no significant difference was observed between the two groups after the intervention regarding the mean level of their perceived and received nutritional social support.
Conclusion: Educational intervention on parents does not increase perceived and received social support in early adolescents for receiving healthy nutrients.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2020)
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to predict the behavior of employees according to perception of possible changes in their organizational resources. This research aims to discover the latent behavioral intentions which individuals showing in common, within an organizational ecosystem through an objective approach. Using sequential exploration strategy, the research was implemented through 5 main steps and research model has been verified by means of experimental and empirical methods. The ecosystem studied in this study, was Iranian state and semi-state banks, which were precisely studied in 416 subjects. Also, in order to obtain a model for predicting the organizational behavior of employees, at first, behavioral intentions were typologized by conservation of resources approach, and then modeled with fixed and random effects in form of mixed equations. Results showed that predictions of human behaviors at the ecological level of resources have great commonalities that can be identified by a resource-based approach. The results also showed that the behavioral intentions of employees in Iranian state and semi-state banks in threatenedsocial support is to be passive, andin the presence of positive or negative perceptual interaction from leader, this tendency could change from " being passive” to "trying to retain" in both cases. Identifying the boundary points of changing behavioral intentions and the distance of employees’“behavioral intention" from these points was another finding of this study that could be a guide for regulating effective interventions of leadersin the studied ecosystem.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Aims: National sociological studies of the social health of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North have become especially relevant at the current stage of society's development. The purpose of the study is to consider and analyze the issue of the social health of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North.
Information & Methods: The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the works of Russian and foreign scientists devoted to the problems of socio-economic development of the territories of the North. As a methodological basis of the research, system analysis, synthesis, abstraction, analogy, generalization, and classification were used.
Findings: The study systematizes approaches to identifying the social health of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, gives its definition and identifies its analysis areas. It is argued that the material substrate of the influence mechanism of the social aspect of health on the representatives of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North is a social connection, and relationships that provide various support have a positive socio-regulating and mobilizing effect.
Conclusion: Several indicators adapted to the needs and peculiarities of the territories of the indigenous small-numbered peoples' residence were proposed, which allow assessing their social health and quality of life. The proposed materials of the paper can serve as a basis for the development of an indicative model of social health, which can be used as a diagnostic tool in pedagogical and social work.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Patients after diagnosis of COVID-19 may have psychological problems. Illness perceptions and social support can play an important role in individuals’ health and the effects of stress. This study aimed to determine the relationship between mental health, perception of illness, and perceived social support in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.
Instrument & Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2020. 143 patients with coronavirus who met the inclusion criteria participated in this study. Inclusion criteria are age over 18 years, full consciousness, lack of physical and mental disabilities, diagnosis of coronavirus with the approval of an infectious disease specialist, no history of mental disorders, and the ability to communicate with the researcher. Data collection tools were the 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress scale, Zimet’s multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and the brief illness perception questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Spearman correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression.
Findings: The mean score of depression, anxiety, and stress for all participants with coronavirus was 8.12±7.12, 11.74±6.02, and 13.92±6.80, respectively. In total, 30.1% of the participants had high illness perception and 59.4% had high social support levels. The multiple linear regression model showed illness perception and social support were associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Drug history was associated with depression and anxiety. Oxygen saturation was associated with anxiety and stress (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In general depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with Covid 19 are associated with the perception of illness and social support, which is more strongly associated with social support.
Volume 11, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Abstract
Aims: Evaluating diabetics’ health-promoting behaviors is an essential part of nursing care. This study aimed to examine the relationship between health-promoting behaviors and perceived social support from the family in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Instrument & Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected from a foundation university hospital in Tabriz, Iran. The sample consisted of 183 type 2 diabetes patients. Data were collected using the Perceived Social Support from Family and Health-Promoting Behaviors scales.
Findings: The average score of social support was 15.07±6.74 (range: 0 to 20), and the average score of health-promoting behaviors was 49.62±17.74 (range: 0 to 112). There was a significant and positive correlation between the scores of health-promoting behaviors and perceived social support (r=0.28, p<0.001). We predicted the changes in health-promoting behaviors based on the regression analysis of the changes in perceived social support from the family (B=0.563).
Conclusions: Family social support affects health-promoting behaviors in type 2 diabetes patients, and should be considered during interventions to improve health-promoting behaviors by nurses and other healthcare providers. We suggest other descriptive correlational studies with a higher sample size and interventional studies on this subject.
Volume 12, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Aims: Psychological well-being is an important factor affecting career women’s job satisfaction and performance. Resilience predicts psychological well-being, acting as a catalyst for boosting psychological well-being. This systematic literature review explored the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being among career women.
Information & Methods: Relevant papers were retrieved using Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. The inclusion criteria included research published between the years 2012 and 2021 to examine whether there is a relationship between resilience and psychological well-being, as well as the predictors of resilience and psychological well-being.
Findings: There was a favorable relationship between resilience and psychological well-being, with those having higher levels of resilience reporting greater psychological well-being. Resilience is believed to be one of the most essential variables in maintaining positive psychological well-being. Additionally, social and family support, work experience, marital status, education level, and self-esteem were found to predict resilience and psychological well-being.
Conclusion: Age, life experience, work experience, marital status, level of education, and self-efficacy are key predictors of resilience.
Saeid Askari,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (5-2007)
Abstract
There is little question anymore about the reality of Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) as a disorder. For some, this disorder progressively worsens over time and appears to affect nearly all aspects of life, including work, interpersonal relationships, physical health, and view of self. The severity of PTSD may lead to repeated hospitalizations over the years and may require ongoing outpatient treatment. Moreover, a resurfacing of previously controlled symptoms may appear with old age, as former victims become physically incapacitated, suffer losses, and lose social support systems.
So far as, no comprehensive effort has been made to determine the joint effects of a range of factors (e.g. combat exposure, locus of control and social support) on post-traumatic stress and somatic symptoms in a single study comprising of non-clinical samples of Iranian War veterans/combatants who had war exposure during Iran-Iraq conflict.
The results of the current study demonstrate that combat stress has potential long-lasting effects that leave soldiers emotionally vulnerable, resulting in post-traumatic stress disorder. The study also reveals the effect of combat stress on somatic complaints. The result regarding social support were in accordance with earlier findings about the positive effects of social support on psychological adjustment. The findings also revealed the importance of locus of control in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Participants with external locus of control, scored higher on PTSD and somatic complaints than participants with internal locus of control, interestingly, the hypotheses of an interaction between social support and locus of control were not confirmed. Number of methodological and conceptual problems imposed certain limitations on these conclusions.
Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe, Nazanin Haghighat Bayan, Mona Baheri, Vahid Savabi Niri, Forough Esrafilian,
Volume 31, Issue 4 (11-2024)
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a devastating mental health condition that can arise following exposure to traumatic events. This study aims to investigate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the sense of coherence, social support, and spiritual well-being among students diagnosed with PTSD. The research employed a semi-experimental, pre-, post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included students diagnosed with PTSD at the University of Tehran during the 2023-2024 academic year. A total of 36 students with PTSD were selected using purposive sampling and were divided into experimental (n=18) and control (n=18) groups. The experimental group attended eight 90-minute CBT sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Data collection involved administering the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (Keane et al., 1998), the Sense of Coherence Scale (Antonovsky, 1993), the Social Support Questionnaire (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991), and the Spiritual WellBeing Scale (Paloutzian & Ellison, 2012). The data were analyzed using multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) analysis in SPSS-24. The results indicated that CBT significantly increased the sense of coherence (F=40.69, p=0.001, η²=0.58), social support (F=60.50, p=0.001, η²=0.67), religious well-being (F=52.16, p=0.001, η²=0.64), and existential well-being (F=54.50, p=0.001, η²=0.65) in students with PTSD. These results support the incorporation of CBT into therapeutic programs for students with PTSD to foster resilience and holistic well-being. Future research could explore the long-term effects of CBT and its impact on other psychological and behavioral outcomes in diverse student populations.
