Showing 11 results for Shiite
Volume 1, Issue 2 (1-2025)
Abstract
The discourse of the resistance of the Islamic Revolution, in addition to having a great impact on the political, social and cultural system of Iran, has been very influential beyond its borders and has been an inspiration for Muslim movements in different countries, including Nigeria. In the last few decades, Nigeria, as one of the important countries in Africa, has been the platform for the formation of the Islamic movement and the expansion of Shiism, and now the population of several million Shiites in Nigeria has turned this country into one of the centers of Shiism.Based on this, the present research has analyzed the impact of the discourse of Islamic revolution resistance on the Islamic movement in Nigeria by using the discourse theory of Lakla and Mofe and using explanatory-analytical method.The findings of the research showed that the discourse of resistance after the victory of the revolution, with the systematization of the Islamic discourse, from a discourse marginalized by the discourse of domination, has become an active discourse in the text of domestic and international policies, and with negation. The hegemony of the domination system and the lack of compromise with it has created a new articulation, which at the end of this articulation has defined a model of resistance against the domination system. This model of resistance, with an emphasis on political Islam, anti-arrogance and anti-Westernism,in addition to reviving the identity of Shiites in Nigeria, has also influenced the formation and expansion of the Islamic movement in this country.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (7-2002)
Abstract
The reason of existence of any country is a very sensitive and revived concept in the political geography. In spite of a grave theoretical background of this subject which most probably has been started from F. Ratzel, this concept, as far as the case studies are concern, is very weak and unreliable.
In order to enrich this concept in having sufficient case studies, in this research the basic root of the creation and national survival of Iran government – country is investigated. The foundation of this library research project is to respond to the following questions.
What have been the origin and essential reasons for the existence of new Iran government after five centuries and especially what is the raison for its continuity despite the different threats.
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Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
Dispute over the succession of the Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) is prelude to scatter that reached a peak with the murder of Uthman and the civil war in Imam Ali’ period. Accordingly, the research issue consists of identifying the sects of political thought throughout the history of Islam, which have theorized about the governing. Questions: 1 - In terms of textual, which sects were in cluded in the thought of Muslims about the caliphate, were? 2- Considering the political - social conditions (external fields), what periods has passed the political thought in the Muslim world? Hypothesis: using the historical - analytical approach and by adopting Skinner's methodology, the Muslims political thought can be divided into two periods: traditional and modern. In terms of textual, three main groups were distinguished in the traditional period: A- Kharijites, B- Shiite and C- Sunni. From the perspective of context, four stages can be identified: A) the stage of theological disputes, B) the stage of the genesis of jurisprudence-theological schools, C) the stage of the consolidation of jurisprudence-theological schools, D) the stage of post-Abbasid. This research attempts to identify the extesionaliy of Imam or Caliph befor each sect, and tasks of the Imam, as well as the concepts associated with that.
Volume 7, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Introduction
Designed according to the principles of the Iranian Islamic architecture in the world do not have many samples. Western culture influenced modern architecture and has little respect to the culture and customs of Iranians. Be careful in places design like airports is very important in a place that a large number of passengers every day. This research is a descriptive study and information gathering tool has been library tool and Tried to influence elements of Islamic-Iranian architecture in the design of an airport. In today's world in which the technology speaks first prior to everything, the shortage of time and the need for speeding works is clear for everyone. It must be accepted that the need for a high speed in transportation category can be important and discussible more than anything. Regarding the airplane as the fastest vehicle in today's world leads us to the space for accessing the airplane, i.e. the airport. irport terminals are buildings, which were considered as main arrivals and departures gates of the cities. And its main users are temporary and the building serves them as a pathway. This space is a perfect platform for the creation of a permanent mental and memorable space at the beginning of an entrance to a city or a country.
In addition to the important issue of the performance in airport designing, paying attention to the combination between space, form, structure and light in this building plays an important role in designing. Regarding the optimum consumption of the energy and strategies for the sake of reducing greenhouse gases and supplying the complex energy by itself and regarding the modern technology, it is necessary to definitely equip an advanced airport complex to smart materials. Therefore, regarding the mentioned items, an architect can provide convenience for passengers with proper designing and easily guide them to their objectives. Airports are a collection of different plants and equipment has been made to provide facilities for handling and air transport. As maritime transport requires port, the airport can also be likened to the air port that is required for air transportation. In places such as airports, that all passengers must be attend at least an hour early, and in many cases different reasons caused delays for passengers, it is essential to reduce psychological pressure work with a variety of solutions(Factors and solutions to improve). In an airport environment, many factors can be taken into account that can be suitable environment, away from stress and mental tension designed. In an airport environment, many factors can be considered with the help of those factors; it can be suitable environment away from stress and mental tension designed. Passengers expect a comfortable and charming terminal facilities and the behavior be effective, acceptable and done without wasting time. For this reason, the design of passenger terminal must be functional and beautiful architecture. Iranian architecture has architectural features that in compare with other countries has particular value: features such as proportional design, accurate calculations, the correct form of coverage, compliance with technical and scientific issues in the building, high balconies, tall columns and the various decorations that each of which in simplicity represents the magnificent architecture of this land . Ecological, ethnic and cultural type causes of human construction are very diverse in the area of housing and other buildings in our country.
Discussion and Conclusion
The use of different materials, different styles, very much functions of a building that still remains in our country many old houses. It seems knowing what we have in the past and recognize the principles and standards of our traditional architecture and give them a body language, pave the way to achieve what is intended, and it is the responsibility of individual architects to refer to original sources and valuable examples. The principles of confidentiality, hierarchy, coordination, connection with nature, geometry, etc. are all of those who today truly obsoleted and certainly, understanding and applying them will helpful. Since we are talk about confusion and lack of identity in today Architecture of Iran, perhaps the biggest problem in addition to the West-oriented are non-planning, a lack of strong ideas and a lack of understanding of contemporary architecture, in a break with the past architecture. The study attempts to examine some of the elements of the Iranian Islamic architecture and analysis of the potential impact of these factors on airport design, in order to recognize moral and material factors that an airport space needs them, So that could be achieve today’s Islamic architectural structures and bodies.
To date, various theories and discussions about the airport and how to design it with the help of elements and different criteria have been proposed and there are articles and books written on this subject that some have been directly used by authors. There are many different factors effect on the psyche of the passengers and the first one is time. The time they must wait, sometimes there are the stress and concerns, such as fear of flying. For this reason it is necessary that the expected space that is designed, in terms of soul mind and spirit calm passengers. Architecture as a body of thought has always been a tool for the development of thinking, attitudes and thoughts of every nation. The trace of principles and ideology prevailing culture of this country is best seen in traditional architecture of Iran. Iranian architecture that is one of the richest examples of vernacular architecture with notable formic achievements in the world, it became one of the most successful examples of architectural concept during the Islamic period.
Results
In traditional Islamic architecture in Iran, the importance of "need" in construction of "form" in Iranian architects designing and performance is obvious. Forms that sometimes is associated with creativity and unique technology, this has been indicator the ability of Iranian architects. Iranian architecture with variables such as: the benefits and avoid idleness, targeted, symbolism and legibility, prioritization and hierarchy and perfectionism, which is obtained by logical reasoning, could remind some Islamic culture values and principles such as unity, targeted and prosperity, social solidarity, individuality, respect and value, to avoid extravagance and frivolity and valuable meanings to the people using the space. In Iranian traditional architecture, some principles have been used by architect artist rooted in his vision of the universe. Addressing the root is dealing with principles. Understand the principle, is the meaning what direct the art and civilization in all of human society with a common culture and belief. So in authentic Islamic-Iranian architecture, the environment (in order to meet the needs of the inhabitants) took shape and then came to form, while in Iranian modern architecture at first, the space and then the need and comply with space take shape. Architects as creators of the building, are creating a short-lived effect and its survival is dependent on technology and technology. While in original Islamic-Iranian architecture, innovative architecture aimed to create space and building.
Volume 7, Issue 27 (9-2019)
Abstract
The combination of ancient Iranian cultural elements and Islamic beliefs has had different effects on the history of Iranian civilization. The convergence between Iranian themes and Islamic concepts and the efflorescence of the Islamic worldview have created a new style of Islamic- Iranian products that convey both an ancient culture and meet the goals of Islam. One of these productions is the history of “Shast –Bastan-e Div” which has been predominant in religious rituals, especially in the Ta'zīya ceremony. In this story, the eclecticism of the ancient evil concept "Demon" is clearly seen in conjunction with the history of Islamic hero; Imam Ali (AS).To this end, the writers of these narratives aim either to highlight the virtue and superiority of Imam –Ali in comparison with other ṣaḥābah or present the notion of evil in Iranian and Islamic culture as crystalized in texts. The texts of this story are related to less than 500 years and the earliest known source goes back to the 9th century. In this research and by comparing six narratives of these collections, the authors have tried to describe the points of divergence and convergence of these texts at content and structural levels.
Volume 7, Issue 27 (9-2019)
Abstract
With a variety of themes, approaches, functions and poetic forms in different periods of history, Shiite poetry has stabilized itself as a kind of continuous and dynamic flow. The lovers of Ahl al –Bayt have created the most passionate and diverse themes, and forms of Shiite literature before the establishment of Safavid dynasty in spite of obstacles and threats. Despite the lack of comprehensive research done in this field , the recent and new-born fields of research in this area shows the significance of Shiite poetry and its themes either in form or in function and can enrich the diversity of forms in Persian literature. The authors have tried to introduce the genesis of genres and sub-genres of this field according to samples extracted from manuscripts. This literary genre has been totally current among the lovers of Ahl al –Bayt in Shiite residential area (town, alley …). By this means, they were trying to prove their love for The purpose of this article is to introduce and revise the type of "
Velāyat Nameh" according to divans and manuscripts that are given as witness, for instance as new types of Shiite poetry.
Volume 9, Issue 20 (5-2005)
Abstract
Due to the importance of resources of code articles and their role for interpretation of codes, the author has compared articles of contracts and obligations in Iranian civil code (articles 183-300) with Shiite law and French law and then he has declared his view about their main resources in every case.
Although the writers of civil code haven't hidden their continued desire for applying articles of civil code to bases of Shiite law, the author believes that the articles of this section of civil code have considerably used both sources; i.e. Shiite and French law.
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
Aims: Nowadays more than ever, the vocabulary of “defense architecture” is going to be a popular term in academic and professional era. It is the “passive defense” terminology which is going to be an acquainted phenomenon in academic atmosphere. This manuscript is going to explain the general framework of defense architecture through its roots in the “Islamic principles”, the “Shiite acclaimed jurisprudents” and the holy “Quran”.
Instruments & Methods: The emancipatory paradigm is selected to fulfill the research besides logical argumentation research strategy, descriptive research method, comparative research technics, and interpretive tactics to understand deep meaning of the holy Quran.
Findings: The results show that “defense architecture” and “passive defense” enjoy a deep root in the “Islamic principles”, the “Shiite acclaimed jurisprudents” and the holy “Quran”.
Conclusion: The results might be concluded in a leading phenomenon that might be summarized in the scientific term of “defense architecture” under the umbrella of “passive defense”. The Islamic principles, the Shiite acclaimed jurisprudents and the holy Quran emphasize on a conceptual framework to understand defense architecture. The most outcomes might be summarized in: 1- Interaction of “Islamic architecture” and defense architecture, 2- The committed architects have to fulfill their obligations and respect defense architecture and passive defense guidelines, 3- Respect architecture mission to prepare a secure and healthy shelter for mankind, 4- The necessity of holistic perspective and multi-objective approach.
Mohammad Ali Chelongar, Asghar Montazerolghaem, Seyyed Mirhossein Allameh,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (2-2009)
Abstract
In the third century, the political multiplicity of Iran was influential on various thoughts and expansion of the opposite religious interactions. Benefiting from the attention towards the masses of people and equalizing among them, Murjae and Hanafiae could affect Iran and missionaries deeply.
In the middle of the third century, with the Shafei’s influence in the fascinating cities of Ray, Neishabur, Samarghand and Tashkand, limited the dominance of Hanafi-Hanbali thoughts. The increase of city dwelling caused by the attraction of missionaries from countryside and villages to these cities would have been another factor in this process.
The appropriateness of political geography and the struggling of Zaydieh Shiite direction , tinged with Motazeli thought , against Taherian caused that even Samanid did not succeed in eradicating the social roots of this course in some parts of Iran.
In Khorasan, at the end of the third century, Ismaeli missionaries gave priority to change rural religious thought into the alteration of urban political elites’ beliefs. It was Ahmad Ibn Hassan Maderani, who put some emphasis for Imami –Shiite thought in Ray.
Kolein in the outskirt of Ray, witnessed the appearance of Mohammad Ibn Yaghub( Jacob ) , the Imami narrative connector , who could present a pattern with Qomi view , for the rationalizing and reconstructing the society of Imami people of Baghdad.
It should be noted that the connecting base among Imami populations in Neishabur , Ray, Qom , Marve and Balkh of the third century was something beyond the exchanges of trade :union:s , in particular , it was Qom ,benefiting from the scholarly elites who were in majority, that in the light of Asharites at the end of the third century witnessed the centralization of Imamieh and planning for faithful or economic expansion . In this case, the ideas of Andrew Newman, Wilfred Madelung , Donlop and Pelt are disputable.
Mohammad Saeedimehr,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Throughout the history of philosophy and theology, diverse versions of the problem of evil have raised different solutions in the form of different theodicies. In this paper, I first offer an exposition of one of these solutions developed by Shiite theologians. Since the core notion of this solution is “God’s compensation for the sufferings” I call it the “compensation theodicy.” Based on some theological principles such as rational goodness and badness and the principle of lutf (God’s grace), and some preliminary remarks about pain and its classifications, the compensation theodicy shows that since God is totally wise and just, He compensates for all undeserved (both human’s and animal’s) sufferings He is responsible for. Thus, the presence of undeserved suffering is not at odds with Divine justice. After explaining the relevant issue of God’s litigation (intisaf) and discussing some main aspects of compensation, I then make a brief comparison between the compensation theodicy and the so-called afterlife theodicy. I finally argue that the compensation theodicy is cable of providing good response to the challenge of the lack of moral justification.
Volume 29, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Identity means the reality of a person, thing, group and nation. There is no being without identity in the world of existence. It has different in types like historical, linguistic, religious, social and cultural identifies. This paper aims to study the effect of Karbala and the Ashura events on the historical and socio-cultural identity of Shia in old poetry, from the first to the fifth century AH, based on the qualitative content analytical method. This research is based on the poetry of ten old Shia poets. This article draws conclusions such as: Karbala is part of the history of Shias, their historical and political identities, which cannot be deciphered. The poets have preserved it in their collections, as it is a factor for the unity of the Shiites. The social and cultural morale of the Shiites on the day of Ashura, not only has an emotional dimension, but political and spiritual as well. The poet adheres to it in order to establish unity among the people, and to minimize their pain. We see old Shia poets not very inclined to explain the details of Ashura, but rather talk about the faculties that constitute the foundations of their beliefs.