---

This research investigates the vegetation of 4600 ha of Polour semi-steppe rangelands in relation to edaphic and physiographical parameters in Mazandaran province. For this purpose, 23 land units were selected from overlaying slope, aspect and elevation maps using geographic information system (GIS). Within each unit, 3 parallel transects with 100 m length, each containing 10 quadrates (according to vegetation variation) were established. Sampling method was Random systematic. Measured soil properties included texture, organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, phosphor, and litter. Soil and plant data were analyzed with redundancy analysis and SHAZAM 10 package. RDA analysis suggesting that there is a relatively high correspondence between vegetation and environmental factors that explain 93% of the total variance in data set. RDA results showed that soil slope, aspect, soil texture, acidity, phosphor, and litter were the major environmental factors responsible for variations in vegetation patterns. Furthermore, results also showed that for F .ovina and P .bulbosa, acidity and nitrogen, for A .gossypinus, organic matter and salinity and for D .glomerata, nitrogen have the most important role in plant presence and absence probability.

---

 
Aftekhari.S.A.
Abstract:
 
Various theories have been proposed to explain the differences which exist between the language of Persian Medieval Prose and standard Persian as well as between standard Persian and colloquial Persian.     What everyone seems to agree on though is that changes in language are caused by a yet unknown and seemingly uncontrollable phenomenon .Today , the gap which exists between standard and colloquial Persian is so deep, that in the eventuality that amendments were deemed necessary, it would be impossible to implement them and bring back colloquial Persian closer back to its standard form.
A deeper and more precise understanding of colloquial language, assessing the role and functions of language economy and identifying and isolating the elements which cause changes in the form and content of languages are all factors which need to be studied and taken into account to help reduce errors in language planning process.
In this article, we explain and classify the inclinations of Persian speakers to shorten and simplify language components, a phenomenon known as language economy, which we believe, is the main factor influencing the development of colloquial Persian.
 

---

Structural redundancy is a non-independent concept in structural engineering and has inherent dependence on structural parameters such as overstrength and ductility, so that both of overstrength and ductility capacities should change corresponding to any variation in structural redundancy. Nevertheless, most of researchers notified that taking any increase in structural redundancy should be a desirable property to deal with more effectively against earthquake loading. Furthermore, this issue can reduce structural sensitivity to abnormal loads. In this research to clarify the pure role of redundancy in earthquake resistant design and to distinguish the role of redundancy from total overstrength capacity, a number of 3D reinforced concrete special moment resistant frames (RC-SMRF) with equal ultimate base shear coefficient were designed. The dynamic behavior parameters of the designed structures under natural strong ground motion were evaluated, especially with regards to configuration of nonlinear deformations. The analytical outputs obtained from analyzed structures are illustrated ensembles of maximum acceleration, maximum velocity and maximum drift of each story. Furthermore, adequacy and accuracy of response modification factor which should be assigned as general indicator of quality of total seismic behavior has been studied conceptually. The results of this research indicate that: (i) Assigning an increase in structural redundancy would not always lead to efficient improvement in structural seismic behavior. Furthermore, notification to process of increased redundancy should not be consider as a criterion for any basic improvement in structural performance. This issue means that it is better to consider the effects of redundancy on important seismic parameters such as both the structural member ductility and the overstrength capacity. (ii) The calculated response modification factors as mentioned in this research, can consider as an index of quality of structural dynamic performance which is corresponding to a certain level of redundancy. Accordingly, the above statement should be notified in general cases of those earthquake loadings which would cause a certain level of story drift. This certain level of story drift would denote the structural behavior typically follows the calculated response modification factor. Oppositely, if an earthquake loading causes more story drift from that assigned certain level, structural behavior typically does not follow the calculated response modification factor. (iii) The codified procedure of calculation of response modification factor which were discussed and assessed in this study, cannot be realized subjected to those input strong ground motions that able to display high amplitude and long period pulse or pulses in their velocity time history. It is important to know that strong near-fault ground motions often have an impulsive feature and impose large amounts of sudden intense kinematic energy which must be dissipated by structural system during a short period of time. This issue causes amplified deformation demands in structures which are associated with very few cycles of cumulative plastic deformations. Hence, the earthquake damages due to these seismic load cases are effectively related to maximum deformation as well as maximum ductility. Yet, structures cannot accomplish based on the calculated response modification factor in the mentioned cases.

---

Kinematic trajectory optimization of the dual-arm cam-lock parallel robot in the different lock configuration has been done in this paper. A different path has been considered for each of lock configuration. The optimal trajectory of each joint has been calculated by minimizing an objective function in whole trajectory. According to the number of redundancy in the different configurations, an initial guess of the variables have been considered. Then the initial guesses have been modified and optimum results have been obtained by using Pontryagin’s minimum principles and determining the governing initial condition on the system. According to the optimal joint variable, optimal trajectory has been obtained for each of the joints. In all of the configurations, optimal performance index has been achieved. Also the direct kinematic equations have been considered as the constraints of the system.

---

In this paper, dynamic modeling, optimal path planning and control scheme on a redundant parallel cable robot is presented. Path planning in parallel robots necessitates the consideration of robot’s kinematics to discern the singularities in the workspace. Also, dynamics analysis is required to consider actuation constraints. To this end, kinematics and dynamics of cable driven redundant parallel robot is derived. In this modeling, cables are assumed to be rigid with negligible mass and hence, tension and sagging along the cable are neglected. Next, a sampling-based algorithm upon rapidly-exploring random tree is developed to increase the convergence rate. In this scheme, distance, epochs and safety are considered as optimization constraints. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in collision avoidance, a number of obstacles have been considered too. Tracking of the planned path has been handled using a feed-forward controller in the presence of obstacles. Regarding the redundancy feature of robot, a redundancy resolution scheme is considered for optimal force distribution. Path planning and control algorithms are implemented on the RoboCab (ARAS Lab.) and experimental results reveal the efficiency of the proposed schemes.

---

The main purpose of this study is to present a model of the planning, recruitment, select and redundancy of human resource and its adaptation to the organizations of the civil service management act audience. The research method is exploratory mixed research projects. The statistical population of the first phase (qualitative) included the faculty of public administration with human resources orientation and the statistical population of the second phase (quantitative) of managers and human resource specialists of public institutions. In the first phase (qualitative) of the research, the data were collected by semi-structured interview and in the second phase (quantitative), semi-open questionnaires and 97 questions were distributed. In the first phase, the data were coded by Atlasti software, and in the second phase, the model test was derived from the first phase of the study by structural equation modeling using PLS software and descriptive statistics, central indices and consensus percentage on the model and results indicate that %89 of the participants had a consensus on the conceptual model of the research, and all dimensions of the model were explained. The main issue of the present research is planning for human resource development in the organization, which has been formulated based on the causal, ground and interventional conditions, its dimensions and strategies for its realization, and then the final model was presented based on it.

---

According to the extended projection principle (EPP), it is claimed that all sentences require subjects. In line with such assumption, it is believed that some languages, including Persian, are categorized as pro-drop languages and their subject is encoded by the verbal inflection. In fact, the subject position is an empty category designated by pro (small pro). Therefore, AGR (verbal inflection) has a purely syntactic function. However, in cognitive grammar, AGR is treated as a symbolic assembly profiling a process whose only independent contribution to the meaning of the verb with which it combines, is the person and number specification of the processual AGR. Considering AGR as a meaningful category, its trajector can correspond with the trajector of the processual component (verb) which is left unexpressed. In contrast to the assumption that AGR is redundant, it shown that the subject (the trajector of the processual component) is not dropped; it does exist but is highly schematic. It is elaborated (becomes specific) by trajector of AGR through correspondence. In other words, Persian speakers conceptualize the subject by only one source of information; that is the trajector of AGR.