Showing 3 results for Reactions
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2017)
Abstract
In this research,nanocomposite coatings based on epoxy containing pristine graphene oxide and starch-modified graphene oxide are prepared and characterized by Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, andtheir crosslinking behavior is studied using nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry.These nanocomposites, because of having platelet-like nanomaterials inside and their organic origin, can be applied as coating on metal surface in diverse industries.The reason behind using starch was its natural basis and abundance of hydroxyl groups in its structure which can take part in crosslinking reaction with epoxide. Neat epoxy systems having amine curing agent, and nanocomposites containing epoxy, amine curing agent, andpristine or starch-modified graphene oxide nanosheets were cure at different heating rates to assess their curing behavior. Change in hearing rate of test caused change in onset and peak temperature of the exotherm curves and consequently heat of reaction changed. It was observed that the presence of the graphene oxide nanosheets hindered the crosslinking reactions, while surface modification of them with starch natural polymer compensated for such a hindrance via catalytic role of starch, and increased crosslink density of system.
Volume 21, Issue 146 (3-2024)
Abstract
The aim of this work, was studying the effect of cold plasma treatment on enzymes and nutritional proteins denaturation, and ocurrance of browning reactions of bottled raw milk. A surface discharge plasma system was used for this purpose. The reactor of this system was a quartz cylinder with a diameter of 1 cm and a height of 25 cm. a steel cover with a thickness of 1 mm and height of 25 cm was used on the inner surface of the reactor and as a high voltage discharge electrode. The liquid inside the bottle (milk) was also considered as neutral electrode. The time of inactivation of catalase, alkaline phosphatase, lipase, peroxidase, and protease enzymes, bovine serum albumin, immunoglobulins, alpha lactalbumin, beta lactalbumin, lysine and thiamine were investigated. The simulation was performed by COMSOL a3.5 software for a two-dimensional geometry. The results showed the deactivation time of catalase, phosphatase, and lipase is highly low while the peroxidase and protease show the longest deactivation time. However the final deactivation time of all enzymes is highly low compared with thermal treatments. The peroxidase diactivated at 0.9 min and protease deactivated at 2 minutes after plasma treatment. The other enzyme deactivation time were 0.5 seconds. Also, the protein and amino acid denaturation time has a significant difference at p< 0.05. The inactivation time of lysine amino acid was shorter than other cases studies in this work, and beta-lactalbumin protein had the longest denaturation time. Also, the time of starting the browning reaction under plasma treatment was 3.4 minutes. It can be concluded that the studied cold plasma condition have no negative effect on proteins and color of milk.
Katayoun Mesri, Mohammad Farajiha, Parviz Azadfallah, Hajar Azari,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2021)
Abstract
Sexual harassment at workplace is a phenomenon that has many implications for women. Also, organizations and other employees are not immune to the devastating consequences of sexual harassment against women. Victimized women respond to harassment differently, such as silence, tolerance, bullying and aggression, leaving the workplace and even positive responding to sexual demands. In this article, in-depth interviews with victims will address the reactions and effects of harassment. We have also used the same tool to analyze the consequences of sexual harassment in organizations. The main questions of the study were the type of victim response to the harasser, the impact of the harassment on the victim, and the organization or other staff. The findings are obtained from interpretation and classification of in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 25 women in 23-47 age groups. They were selected from those with bachelor and doctoral degrees and working in government and private sectors. In order to obtain data, 5 open-ended and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 5 managers and administrative and financial assistants of public and private companies. The results of qualitative content analysis of interviews with victims, focused group, and the organizational management panel showed that women's responses differed by education, age, public or workplace privacy, from fear and silence to aggressive responses and complaints. And even retreats toward harassers were different. From individual perspective, harassment causes depression, morbid fears, prolonged anxiety, pessimism and suspicion, physical illness, labeling and social isolation. From an organizational point of view, there is virtually no protection mechanism for victims, which results in the abandonment of work, unwanted displacements, harassing dismissals, and even harassment and reduced organizational productivity.