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Unwillingness-to-communicatation in a foreign language (UTC) on the part of learners, which is a tendency to avoid oral communication, is one of the main problems of language teachers. In a way, if the source of this unwillingness is determined, language teachers can decide better about those students who seem reluctant in the communication and usually avoid interactions. Yet the extent of this unwillingness is not constant among different individuals and it can be the result of many diverse factors. This study has focused on the relationship between the students' personality traits and their UTC, and the role of gender in the levels of UTC. In so doing, two highly validated measures of NEO Five Factor Model (NEO-FFM) and UTC scale of unwillingness to communicate were administered to 250 participants from four universities. The results of step-wise multiple regression showed that, from the five factors of personality (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness to experience and agreeableness), extraversion was the best predictor of UTC. The second and the third predictive variables were neuroticism and conscientiousness, respectively. While extraversion and conscientiousness had a negative relationship with UTC, neuroticism had a positive correlation. Moreover, the results of t-test proved no significant difference between the two groups of males and females with respect to their levels of UTC. In the end, drawing on the relevant literature, the results of the study have been discussed and the importance of findings has been explicated for teachers and language teaching practitioners.

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Abstract This article examines the relation of national pride with personality (authoritism and democratic), efficacy (political efficacy and social efficacy) and political knowledge. The aim is to explain the meaning of national pride as the, positive feeling of people to their country, and Conceptualize this in two types; nationalism and patriotism. The methodology of this study is social survey. Samples of study have been selected from among all residents over 15 years old in the fourteen sectors of Isfahan city (Iran). According to the 2006 Census, the size of this population is around 1248754 people. In the next step, by applying the Kokran Formula and quota sampling, 384 people were selected and examined as samples of the study. The findings showed that nationalism has positive correlation with authoritism personality, social efficacy. It and political efficacy also has negative correlation with democratic personality and political knowledge. Patriotism has positive correlation with democratic personality, social efficacy and political knowledge. In addition, it has negative correlation with authoritism personality and political efficacy.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of personality traits and organizational climate on organizational citizenship behavior in the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Mazandaran province. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey regarding data collection of correlation type. The statistical population of the research consisted of all the administrative staff of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Mazandaran province, numbering 164 people, which was considered as a sample using the census method of the whole community(N=n=164) and was conducted in the field. Standard questionnaires of organizational citizenship behaviors, personality traits, and organizational climate were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Data analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between personality traits and organizational citizenship behaviors, and among the dimensions of personality traits, extroversion, receptiveness, conscientiousness, and acceptance of experience had a positive and significant relationship with organizational citizenship behaviors. The findings also showed a positive and significant relationship between organizational climate, its five components, and organizational citizenship behavior. According to the results of the research, it can be suggested to the officials of the organization that by creating a positive organizational atmosphere and clarity of purpose and more interaction of employees and administrative units with each other in organizations and also considering personality dimensions as one of the selection factors of employees in organizational positions along with other factors Selectively focus on creating, maintaining and increasing organizational citizenship behaviors.
 

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The tendency of writers to use different colors reflects different psychological reflections in them. The Max Luscher test is one of the best personality tests in psychology. This research was analyzed with the help of Luscher theory and descriptive-analytical method has been used to identify the personalities of Ahmad Matar and Mirzadeh Eshghi. Red with a frequency of 195 is in the first place of Matar poems. According to Luscherchr('39')s theory, Matar is a hard-working person who wants peace. He has close control over his emotional relationships, finds it difficult to trust anyone, and uses colors to express his or her societal discrimination.
  In love poems, yellow and white are in the first place with a frequency of 306. The results show that he is looking for an escape route to get out of the difficulties of his society and is very interested in new experiences. He wants to reach a high position and be respected by others, he is never calm and puts pressure on his external environment to achieve his ambitions.

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Mohammad Jafar Habibzadeh Associate Professor, Department of Law, Tarbiat Modarres University Seyed Doraid Mousavi Mojab Ph.D. Student of Criminal Law and Criminology, Tarbiat Modarres University  The necessity to protect to parliament and its members led to determine and assure a particular privilege named parliamentary immunity in the Constitutions or ordinary laws of majority of the countries. This legal institution has been predicted to provide freedom of speech and to maintain the independence of representatives (members of parliament) in order to do their duty favorably. To define and justify the necessity of it, different theories I ike "good service theory" and "the prestige of representatives' legal personality" have been introduced. In this regard, "Doctrine of Necessity" is presented as the most important theoretical basis. The legal supports which observe the parliamentary immunity, can be generally studied in two categories with distinct descriptions and effects. First, it demonstrates the benefits and utilization of immunity by the representatives for their statements, opinions, and the cast of votes in order to do their duty as representative, which idiomatically is called "the principle of non-liability". Second, it supports the members of parliament against legal proceedings, arrest. imprisonment and the rest judicial measures, except by the permission and allowance of the respective parliament, because of irrelevant exercises and non - parliamentary duties and prevents the possibility of immediate prosecution of MPs because of the attributed crimes. This kind of immunity which is practically is the logical consequence of the non-liability principle of representatives before their parliamentary duties, is named "the principle of inviolability". The stand of every country of the world in relation to the various forms of parliamentary immunity is a little bit different. In some countries, one of these two forms and in others. both of them are accepted to guarantee the whole immunity of MPs. Respectively, the first approach is called solo and the second one is called integrative. In Iran, the first approach depended on the non-liability of representatives because of their statements has been accepted in Art: 86 of the Constitution. The accuracy of this acceptance is approvable from the dynamic Fiqh’s point of view and the expediencies and existing necessities require to go along with the rest of countries which accepted the principle of parliamentary immunity.

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The word "Rend" has been used in Persian language from long times ago and it has many positive and negative meanings in old literature.Hafez, contradictory to most of his antecedent poets, does not have a shallow and negative assessment of "Rend” and in contrary, he announces them as anti-hypocrite, perplexed, rebellious and truth-seekers who generated several individual and social revolutions in a hard unsociable way .Many Hafez researchers see this concept as his most important intellectual achievement. Based onthe result of these features, we can indicate activism of "Rend" as a theatrical character. Bahram Beyzaei (a play writer whose attention to ancient literature can't be denied) is a fitting choice for following this concept, as it maybe the heroic and revolutionist morale of his work in association to myth and ancient patterns confirms enigmatic, rebellious and frenzy nature of his characters.
In this article, in addition to indicating aspects of "Rend" and "Rend-goonegy" in "Ghazaliat of Hafez" and discovering the essence of this concept, it will be analyzed in “Three Puppet Plays” of Bahram Beyzai.

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The analysis of literary texts using psychological theories, which are referred to as psychological critique, and sometimes based on Freud's teachings as psychoanalytic critique, is a practical-pragmatic approach in dealing with literary text. It is an interdisciplinary approach that connects two areas of humanities and opens new windows on text comprehension. The issue of personality, and its multiple types, is the main area of ​​applying psychology in the reality of the outside world. Awareness of this category leads to improved social relationships and constructive interactions. Personality types appear and play a role not only in external objectivity and in obvious social relations, but also in literary texts. Beyond that, the symbolic animals used in popular literature and proverbs, in a deep and profound function, can represent the personality types. Alfred Adler, a pioneer of social psychology and the theorist of individual psychology, has introduced one of the most influential theories in this field by presenting four personality types. The current paper, based on this theoretical framework and with a descriptive-analytical method, examines the literary proverbs and folk culture, and shows the validity of this theory in a range of literary statements and folk beliefs. This study, taking the theory from the field of one or more coherent works to the historical-applied literary proverbs and folk culture, shows how the proverbs, based on their cultural schemata, and due to their concise and influential nature, reflect symbolic animals in the form of psychological personality types.
Research Background
Skimming the literature, it was realized that so far no independent study has been conducted to analyzed the animal symbols used in the proverbs from the view of Adler's four typologies; the existing animal studies sometimes follow different approaches, some of which are cited below.
Talebi and Qatreh (2019) studied animals from the perspective of conceptual metaphors and found that speakers have used their metaphorical interpretations of animal behaviors to describe the various characteristics of individuals. Fouladi and Ebrahimi (2011) conducted a study from the perspective of environmental critique, and statistically have dealt with animals. Selajgeh (2011) employed a semiotic point of view dealing with some animal symbols in the poems of Saeb Tabrizi and Bidel Dehlavi. They sketched out the literary role of animal signs. Adler's theory of personality has been the basis of the work of Sancholi and Kichi (2014) in "Demneh personality analysis based on Alfred Adler's theory of personal psychology". In the current study, however, a different component is focused: the existence of inferiority complex in Demneh's personality.
Aims, questions, and assumptions
The scientific study of personality types and their characteristics is the main focus of applied psychology (Schultz & Schultz, 2012, p. 5). The result of such a study is to understand the individual better, and thus improve the level of social relations. Categorizing four personality types, Alfred Adler has played a prominent and crucial role in introducing various human personalities. His views could be practical for the early recognition of the individual, and as a result, to adopt the best practices in dealing with others. This perspective will, of course, be more useful if it is obtained by examining folk literature, especially proverbs. On the one hand, folklore literature, due to its reliance on “cultural schemata”, is a representation of the interests, traditions, and culture of a nation (Stone, 2004, p. x). Furthermore, proverbs, having concise and artistic forms, represent a range of experiences and meanings (Manser, 2007, p. ix). Because of their rhetoric, these literary texts reveal not only direct meanings, but also implicit, textual, and invisible meanings (Yule, 2006, p. 112), and can offer a large amount of human knowledge in a limited period of time. The aim of this study is to identify some of the personality types through studying short artistic expressions and the structure of proverbs and folk literature.
Discussion

If in sociological studies, the study of social class, definitions, characteristics, and how they are formed is the most fundamental issue (Bendix & Lipse, 1967, p. 8), then in the field of psychological sciences, the issue of personality and various personality types is the main focus. Unlike his fellow professor, Freud, investigating individualistic psychology, Adler derived his personality discussions not from the myths and classical literary texts, but from the society ahead and the individual. Explaining his theory, Adler first described the general problems of the man. He categorized these problems into three categories: problems that focus on how we treat others, problems related to jobs and professions, and problems of love and affection. Analyzing these problems, Adler introduced four personality types: a) dominant type, b) getting type, c) avoiding type, and d) socially useful type (Ansbacher & Ansbacher, 1956, pp. 8-9). In line with the subject of this article, the four-mentioned types are examined through analyzing the proverbs, rulings, and popular culture.

Conclusion

Interdisciplinary research has a better and more practical outcome due to its two- or multi-faceted approach to concepts. This is because such a research not only opens up the scope and effectiveness of multiple-perspective analysis simultaneously, but also reveals newer horizons of knowledge. The current paper took an interdisciplinary approach, borrowing a psychological-literary perspective, to study and analyze the animal symbols used in the proverbs and popular culture, based on Adler's theory of personality types.

The present study shows that folk literature and literary proverbs, borrowing the cultural ideas and including historical-class and long-standing experiences, is a very practical platform for literary studies through a psychological critique approach. Proverbs are considered cognitive concepts and reflect the objective and social realities. Adler's theory of personality and his four personality types are among the most influential theories in the field of psychological studies. This theory will give us a better understanding of the man and the improvement of the level of social relations. Analyzing the data clearly reveals that some of the animal symbols used in the proverbs and folk literature are applicable to Adler's personality types, indicative of various human behaviors. According to the findings, the two chosen animals, wolf and sheep, which are used in a range of proverbs in an obvious confrontation, can be categorized into two types: Dominant and Getting types. These two personality types are studied within sociological studies under the title of social classes. The avoidant personality type appears in the following animal symbol: The owl appears and the Hoopoe reflects the socially useful personality type. The result of the study, on the one hand, confirms the research hypotheses and the validity of this psychological theory, and on the other hand, shows the necessity of research in the field of folk literature, particularly the proverbs.

References
Ansbacher, H. L., & Ansbacher, R. R. (1956). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler. Basic Books, Inc.
Bendix, R., & Lipset, M. (1967). Class, status, and power. R.K.P.
Manser, M. H. (2007). The facts on file: dictionary of proverbs. Facts on File, Inc.
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. A. (2012). Theories of personality (10^th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing.
Stone, J. R. (2005). The Routledge dictionary of Latin quotations: the illiterati's guide to Latin maxims, mottoes, proverbs and sayings. Routledge.
Yule, G. (2006). The study of language (3^rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

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Regarding the importance of writing performance in mastering English language and considering writing as the most challenging language learning skill, the present study examined the relationship between personality traits with motivation and written performance in learners. The main purpose of this study was to examine the model fitness of the relationship between the personality traits and writing performance of learners with motivation mediation. To this end, one hundred twenty participants were selected from intermediate EFL (teaching, literature, translation) learners. Data were collected through Big Five Personality Traits questionnaire (John and Srivastava, 1999), Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) (Gardner, 2004) and a timed writing Test. The results of the path analysis indicated a relationship between personality trait dimensions with motivation and EFL writing performance. Also extroversion, consciousness, and agreeableness indirectly had a positive and significant effect on writing performance. Learners’ motivation relatively intercedes the relationship between personality traits and writing. Finally, the findings of the study are discussed in relation to effective attitudinal variables and non-cognitive variables of personality traits for educational planners, writing courses teachers, and EFL learners’ motivation in language classrooms.
 
 

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Group works are benefit for persons and organization and if done correctly, it will help to organization progress. But sometimes some problems reduce the productivity of teams. One of them is social loafing which means reducing the efficiency of persons in group works relative to individual works. Understanding the affecting factors on social loafing is effective in reducing the negative effects of this phenomenon. so, this study investigates the effect of blood type on social loafing with mediating of personality type of DISC. The target population are 750 employees of the shuttle company who 256 of them were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan table. In terms of purpose, this study is applied and is quantitative and the collection of data is descriptive-survey method. Data were collected by a questionnaire and for data analyze we used SPSS software. The results showed that blood type had a significant effect on social loafing. The effect of DISC personality type on social loafing and also the effect of blood type on social loafing by mediating of DISC personality type were confirmed, but blood type didnt have any significant effect on DISC personality type. It can be concluded that blood type of individuals has a significant effect on social loafing and the incidence of social loafing is higher among people with blood types A than other blood groups.

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As age grows, changes in the characteristics of the mental system, personality, mood, as well as the physiological aspects of the managers and changes in their behavior are created. These behavioral changes in managers can be externalized and show it in organizational behavior. The aim of research is investigating and   describing the role of personality development due to the increasing age of managers on organizational climate. The method used in this study is causal-comparative method and 72 companies senior managers and their employees have been studied in two groups. The results showed that the characters of narcissism, perfectionism, excitement seeking and stress coping have changed with the age of  managers. Also, the Average test of two communities shows a significant difference on the seven components of organizational climate (Esprit, harassment, Hindrance, Intimacy, consideration, Aloofness and Thrust in the organizational climate) and in relation to the component of Production emphasis, was not significant difference in quantity in the two test group which indicates that managers of all ages emphasize production, which is the main goal of  organization. Also, the results of multivariate regression showed  that  personality components  affected on the organization's climate components.

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Positive Character Strengths can be defined as characteristics that allow an individual to function at their personal best. The strengths are especially important for knowledge acquisition and problem solving. Knowing the dimensions of character strengths is effective on business continuity and development. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the impact of positive character strengths to business continuity with the mediating role of resilience and moderating social responsibility in corona-drive conditions. The statistical sample of this research includes 240 managers of service businesses in Isfahan. In order to data collection, the questionnaire and convenience sampling method were used. The reliability and validity of the research constructs using Cronbach's alpha and average variance extracted (AVE) were confirmed. Research hypotheses were checked with the help of Smart PLS3 software. The results of the research showed that positive character strengths have a positive and significant effect on resilience. As well as, resilience has a positive and significant effect on business continuity. In order to promote the business continuity of through the positive character strengths, emphasis should be placed on resilience. Also, four important functions of character strengths; the virtues of wisdom, self-control, courage and excellence have a positive and significant effect on resilience. Two other functions of character strengths; the virtue of humanity and justice has no significant effect on resilience. It should be noted that the social responsibility-moderating variable does not moderate the relationship between resilience and business continuity in the Covid-19 era.

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In L2 learning, each language student learns from a specific perspective, and the individual variables such as personality characteristics could impact on students’ learning. This investigation examines the relationship between the Chinese personality types, learning styles, and strategies learning Persian as a second language. The study randomly recruited 44 students. The participants were distributed three data collection instruments including Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, Kolb’s (1984) learning style inventory, Oxford’s (1990) learning strategies questionnaire.  Results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the learners’ personality types and their learning styles. Students with sensing and perceiving personalities - in comparison to judging and intuition personality types – were characterized with converging learning style. Learners associated with feeling and perceiving personality types preferred diverging and assimilating learning styles comparing to those with thinking and judging personality types. Whereas learners with extraverted, sensing, feeling, and perceiving personality types dominantly tended to be assimilators, the introverted students were identified with intuitive, thinking, and judging learning styles. The results also showed that the Chinese Persian second language learners commonly used cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies. It was also found that they were considerably assimilators concerning learning style. It seems that perception of Chinese Persian second language learners’ personality types, styles, and learning strategies could largely have an influence on the improvement of instruction quality and the use of sound teaching methodologies.


1. Introduction
Studying on influence of individual features in learning second languages has made a lot of progress in recent decades also a lot of theories have been put forward in this field. Since its foundation, the field of psychology has been trying to achieve two different and somewhat contradictory areas: understanding the general principles of the human mind and investigating the uniqueness of the human mind. Individual differences, as the name suggests, are characteristics or traits that may make people different from each other (Dornyei, 2005). According to Norton (1997), when language learners speak, they are not only exchanging information with their audience or audiences, but also they are continuously organizing the concept of who they are and how they relate to the social world. In other words, they are creating and exchanging their identity. Another part of the research is related to the study of learning styles and strategies of learners. In recent years, studies which are related to the influence of personality characteristics on learning styles and strategies have increased dramatically. For example, the influence of learning styles and personality traits which is based on the Myers-Briggs model has been evaluated by Myers and colleagues (1998) and Ehrman (1996). According to Brown (2000), learning styles can be considered as cognitive, emotional, and biological characteristics which are relatively stable indicators of how one perceives, interacts, and responds to the learning environment. According to Oxford (1989:235), language learning strategies are behaviors or actions that language learners use for more successful, self-reliant and enjoyable learning. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the personality types of Chinese speakers and the styles and approaches of Persian language as a second language. In foreign countries, a lot of researches have been conducted on the relationship between learning styles and strategies and the relationship between these two components with the personality characteristics of language learners. However, the results of these studies have not been proven on the success or failure of language learners in learning a foreign language. On the other hand, in Iran, there aren’t any studies to deal with the relationship between personality traits, styles and strategies for learning Persian language. Since Chinese speakers constitute a significant part of Persian learners in Persian language teaching centers, studying their learning style can play an important role in increasing the knowledge of Persian language teachers and their teaching methods.
Research Questions
According to this raised issue, the following research questions are raised too.
1. What is the relationship between personality type and learning styles of Chinese speakers?
2. What is the relationship between personality type and learning strategies of Chinese speakers?
 3. Which learning styles do Chinese language learners use more?
4.  Which learning strategies do Chinese language learners use more?

2. Methodology
The research devices in this study are Myers-Briggs personality questionnaire (AV form), Kolb learning styles questionnaire (1984) and Oxford learning strategies questionnaire (1990). Also, this research was conducted in the field and the data collection method is quantitative.
The statistical population in this research is all Chinese who were Farsi learners, 44 Chinese-speakers from the Persian language teaching center of Imam Khomeini International University were randomly selected as the research sample.


3. Results
This research showed that in the case of convergent learning style, people with sensory and perceptive personality type use convergent style more than intuitive and judgmental people.

4. Discussion
Regarding divergent and adaptive learning styles, similarly, people with emotional and perceptive personality type use divergent and adaptive learning styles more than thinking and judgmental people. Also, regarding the absorbing learning style, people with the four dimensions of extroverted, sensory, emotional, and perceptive personality tend to use the absorbing learning style more than introverted, intuitive, thinking, and judgmental people. On the other hand, no significant relationship was found between the personality type of Chinese speakers and their learning strategies. The dominant strategy of Chinese speakers was cognitive and metacognitive strategies. Also, the dominant style of Chinese speakers in this research was absorbing style. Learners with an absorbing learning style learn more through deep thinking. These people organize information well and use abstract concepts to understand the situation. The personality type of these people is introverted and intuitive.
Paying attention to this issue makes the Persian teachers as the second language teachers sensitive to language background and culture of learners in process of class activities. In addition, teachers can help the learners to be aware of their weakness, strength and preference of learning to investigate about challenges of learning.

6. Conclusion
The results of this study can be used to inform teachers and second language learners about the importance of language learning strategies and styles. It is believed that knowing the specific strategies and styles which are used by language learners is of particular importance due to the effectiveness of such strategies and styles in improving the efficiency of language learners.
It is suggested that more researches be conducted in the future to investigate the relationship between language learning strategies, learning styles and the personality type of Persian language teachers. The relationship between language learning strategies, learning styles and the personality type of Chinese speakers among boys and girls should be investigated in order to find out the effect of gender on these variables and their relationship.
More studies should be done on the relationship between learning styles and language learning strategies on other factors such as motivation, talent, performance and duration of language learning.
 

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Leadership is an important issue and choosing a leader with an appropriate leadership style is critical for any firm’s success. Having an effective leader is of great importance for a firm to perform well. In this study, we developed a leadership model for Lebanese hospitals. Top and middle managers participated in this study. All hospitals with more than 50 beds were chosen. Finally, 68 questionnaires were collected from all the 92 hospitals. Directive, supportive, participative and achievement-oriented were the measured leadership styles. The relationships between the five dimensions of personality, (i.e, extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) and four cultural dimensions mentioned by hosted, (i.e, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and power distance) as well as such organizational factors as job structure, authority systems and team work were examined. The relationship of the subordinate factors as ability and work liking and four leadership styles was also tested. Finally, we developed a model that is appropriate for the internal factors in hospitals and consistent with personality of leaders and their cultural dimensions.

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This editorial is a summary of the result of the research on “Recruitment ‎Strategy for Military Operational Personnel” The experience of the eight-‎year imposed war and the neutralization of the internal clashes by the ‎military forces after the victory of the Islamic Revolution proved that some ‎percentage of the operational personnel encountered problems engaging with ‎the enemy. It was then admitted that they had not taken up the right job to ‎occupy for their life.‎ Accordingly, the researcher attempted to study the type of personalities that ‎fit these kinds of high-risk engagements, with a view of screening the right ‎persons before they are employed for such high-risk operations. Recruiting the ‎individuals rightly fitting the job would ensure that the work done for their ‎improvement will be highly efficient, as intended by the rule of “Compatible ‎Work Environment with Personality Type” for employees “efficiency”, ‎corresponding with the most important factor of “Combat Readiness” as ‎reckoned in the military organizations. Besides military personnel, the ‎research was extended to other high-risk areas including firefighters maybe ‎other rescue workers, and the findings maybe recommended for all such ‎instances.‎ No need to emphasize that individual’s personality matching with the job, ‎brings the strongest relation with the enhancement of whole organizational ‎efficiency and effectiveness, which, in turn, means optimizing in the use of ‎the whole resources in the organization.‎ This research has been identified a backdrop of 82 factors as connected ‎with efficiency, “Personality Fitness with the Job” among them being chosen ‎for expounding.‎ Examining this factor, it was resolved that out of the 16 types, introduced ‎by Isabel Myers and Katherine Briggs, types ESTP, ISTJ, and ISTP ‎ are the ‎best one with regards to the operational personnel and should be taken into ‎consideration in the course of selections and recruitment

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Teachers’ classroom management plays a potent role in Teaching English as a Foreign Language, especially in relation to other psychological variables, namely self-efficacy and personality types. Consequently, the present study aimed at generating a structural equation model of evidence to better illustrate the relationship among classroom management, self-efficacy, and personality types as well as the pertinent sub-scales. A sample of 249 Iranian EFL teachers completed three questionnaires including the Behavior and Instructional Management Scale, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Type, and Teacher Efficacy Scale. The structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the schematic illustration confirmed the hypothesized model (x2df = 1.28; RMSEA=.03; RMR =.03; GFI =.98; AGFI=.95; NFI =.98; CFI =.99; IFI =.99; TLI=.98), revealing significant internal interplay among the classroom management approaches, self-efficacy, personality types, and their sub-scales. The results of multiple regression further confirmed the direction of the path model illuminating the predictability power of the teachers’ personality types and their self-efficacy concerning the EFL teachers’ classroom management approaches. In other words, EFL teachers’ personality types and self-efficacy can predict their classroom management approaches. The study offered pedagogical implications for teachers, policymakers, and stockholders.
 

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The imposed war and sacred defense was the most important event that occurred in our country in recent decades and affected all dimensions of the community. Literature was also an issue that was influenced by the imposed war, and writers and writers from various perspectives and with various tools described the events of the incident in their works.
By studying poetry and stories that have been created in the Holy Defense, it can be seen that the authors have used common themes to convey their concepts, which are repeated in most of these writings, and can be described more precisely by referring to these themes as "motif." "motif" is a semantic or structural element of the story, where repetition is the most important feature of the story, which increases the semantic and aesthetic richness of the story. They also have a lot of efficiency in criticizing and analyzing different subject matter.
In this research, with the discovery and classification of the materials in the novel "Golab Khanum" by Ghasemali Ferasat, its relation with the elements of the story was examined. The results of the research show that various types of material, such as persons, objects, events, places, etc. throughout the novel, have been used to create different elements of the story such as personality, space, space, conflict, suspension, and so on.

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The most important factor in brand development and maintenance is creating loyalty in costumer’s views, attitudes and behaviors. In recent years making use of human metaphor and giving personality to the brand in various studies have been used. For this reason in this study, Hyperstar brand as one of the biggest private chains have been choosed for evaluating the impact of brand personality on attitudinal and behavioral loyalty. Population for this study consists of all the costumers of Hyperstar in Tehran. Necessary data was gathered with questionnaires with 23 questions from 120 respondents which were choosed with the method of convenience sampling. For testing the model the method of least partial squares and PLS Graph were used. The results showed that four dimensions of responsibility (β=0.212; t=2.49), activity (β=0,276; t=2.690), emotionality (β=0.223; t=3.204), aggressiveness (β=0.154; t=1.905) have impact on attitudinal loyalty, and attitudinal loyalty (β=0.777; t=12.415) on behavioral, but brand’s simplicity (β=0.125; t=1.618) have no impact on attitudinal loyalty. Furthermore from brand personality dimensions only activity (β=0.104; t=1.881) have impact on behavioral loyalty. Therefore it could be concluded that in the evaluation of the impact of brand personality on loyalty, it is better that attitudinal and behavioral loyalty be evaluated separately.

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Organizational behavior is a complex of voluntary and intentional behaviors that are committed by the staffs and personnel of an organization even though they are not part of their official behaviors. The consequence of such behaviors is an enhancement of the functions and jobs of the organization. Organizational justice refers to ethical and fair behaviors of the staffs and personnel of the organization and is identified with 'equity', 'impartiality' and 'indiscrimination'. It is the organizational health that provides an opportunity for the staffs or their respective organization to perform far beyond the held expectations or their rivals. Considering these factors, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of the organizational health on organizational citizenship behaviors. It also aimed to explore the role of 'organizational healthy personality'   as a moderate factor.  

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Since brand equity is very helpful in developing business strategies and in long term leads to profitability of organizations, it is very crucial to recognize the impact of brand personality on brand equity from customers perspective. But due to lack of evidence related to the impact of brand personality on brand equity, with respect to literature and previous studies, we used concepts like brand trust and brand attitude as intermediate variables in a non-direct relation between brand personality and brand equity. Statistical sample for this study were 384 individual costumers of one of country's most admired telecommunication operators. questionnaire was used for gathering data and PLS method was used to examine hypotheses in 'Smart PLS 2' software. The results suggest a positive and significant but non-direct relation between brand personality and brand equity, and also support direct and significant impact of brand trust and brand attitude variables on brand equity.