Showing 22 results for Occupation
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2018)
Abstract
Work-related Musculoskeletal pain has, therefore, significant health and socio-economic effects[1].In many countries, Physical Inactivity PIA is one of the main causes of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) such as Occupational Musculoskeletal Diseases (OMSDs)[2]. Worldwide, OMSDs continue to be the leading cause of work-related disabilities’.
Those are caused by various types of work-related diseases[3]. The office employees are at risk for physical inactivity (PIA) 2-3, they usually suffer from nonfatal occupational injuries, illnesses and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). It has been argued that office employees are exposed to dangerous of MSDs without receiving necessary cares that in turn leading to increased OMSDs especially in developing and underdeveloped countries[4]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the great majority of workplace unhealthy posture
are preventable and prevention is the key item that should be addressed to decrease OMSDs[5]. In other hand, OSHA suggested that ergonomic programs are essential for health improvement of health care workers. Ergonomic interventions could assist to reduce MSDs[6]. Given the importance of OMSDs that companied by bio psycho social complications , multifaceted and multidimensional educational packages are much more likely to beeffective than any other monodisciplinary particular intervention[5]. even though public health experts in different countries showed that occupational health (OH) practice can vary amongst different nations[7]. The competencies required of OMSDs practitioners have been the subject of peer-reviewed research in different countries around the world[8].
Significantly reducing the unhealthy behaviors regarding is not easy, also it may not be easy, and it is going to not occur and manifest overnight, but progress is truly viable. Therefore, let us, in our respective areas of obligation, set clear occupational safety and health goals, set up a road map and maximum seriously, act and persevere, so that, together, we succeed in turning the behaviors that is outbreak and make good educational progress on this dimension of these challenges of Health[9].
Office employers could engage with proper interventions to promote healthy behavior. Education in ergonomic concepts with Low Back Pain (LBP), show that observing ergonomic principles may decrease the incidence of LBP in office employers[10].
However, an interventional approach was needed to develop intervention strategies that are specifically designed for office employers [11]. This method entailed accomplishing systematic literature search and semi-based interviews with workplace employers. Based on these semi-structured interviews, an assessment of the need for a logical model to help for identifying behavioral influencing factors for OMSDs[12]. The environmental factors that may contribute to OMSDs among health worker may cause disability and static work that could highlight social needs and norms in the workplace.
According to previous studies, personal characteristics such as knowledge and skills regarding ergonomic principals and low motivation for healthy workplace improvement could affection health workers’ behaviors. In addition to individual determinants affecting the environment of health workers, personal norms that were taken from the social environment and sources like time and money are needed to decrease OMSDs[13-15].
Volume 4, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
Aim:LBP in the nursing profession remains an important health issue. This study aims to assess whether a theory-based interactive social media intervention could change job-related risk behaviors among nursing personnel.
Instrument and Methods: This is a community-randomized controlled trial. Three settings of hospitals will randomly be assigned to the study arms: Intervention setting 1 receiving an in-person educational package; intervention setting 2 receiving the same material a web-based, and a control setting receiving nothing. The intervention would contain materials related to occupational risk behaviors and will try to promote the knowledge, attitude, skill, and self-efficacy of nurses on low back pain (LBP) preventive behaviors. The primary outcome will be reduction in low back pain. The study also will assess whether the intervention could reduce pain-related disability and improve the quality of life.
Discussion:Occupational (LBP) among nurses could adversely affect both patients’ and nurses’ health. This study is an attempt to see if social media could play a role to guide the development and implementation of future interventions.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of occupational accidents among farmers with an emphasis on the role of extension and education in reducing these incidents.
Methods: This study was conducted through a literature review. For this purpose, we investigated books, documents and articles related to research topics in the period of 2000 to 2017.
Findings: Various factors are effective on the incidence of occupational accidents as well as on the type, amount and severity of injuries resulting from accidents at work. Farmers and agricultural workers are not excluded from occupational accidents. The affecting factors on occupational accidents in agriculture are classified in three categories: farmers’ characteristics, agricultural environment, and agriculture technologies.
Conclusion: Occurrence of incidents in agricultural occupation is inevitable. Identifying the factors affecting the incidence of accidents can help to reduce the occurrence of incidents among farmers. The agricultural extension and education according to the abilities and talents in the field of agriculture and rural society can reduce accidents and work-related risks and improve the farmers’ occupational health.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract
Aims: In Iran, safety and health education in agriculture such as the industrial sector has not been taken into account, and most farmers are not covered by professional health. The aim of this study was to assess the farmers’ awareness about occupational safety and health and factors affecting it.
Instruments & Methods: The population of the present descriptive correlational study included 140 households from farmers based on the simple random sampling method in 2014, in Mahidasht, Kermanshah Province, Iran. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as a research instrument and its validity was confirmed by the panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23, using multiple stepwise regression and Pearson correlation test.
Findings: Most of the farmers had a negative attitude towards the observance of occupational health issues. The mean awareness had a significant correlation with social status (r=0.47; p=0.001), satisfaction of the agriculture as an occupation (r=0.51; p=0.0001), attitude (r=0.37; p=0.012) and, economic status (r=0.42; p=0.005). In the first step, the social status and satisfaction of the agriculture as an occupation predicted 66.9% of variance of awareness. In the second step, social status and satisfaction of the agriculture as an occupation as well as attitude predicted 53.3% of variance of awareness, and in the third step, by adding economic status to the previous variables; all variables predicted 51.2% of variance of awareness.
Conclusion: The level of farmers’ awareness about occupational safety and health is moderate. Social status, attitude, and economic status affect the farmers’ awareness about occupational safety and health.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Aims: Brucellosis is one of the most common diseases between humans and animals (zoonosis); one of its transmission routs is through the consumption of infected cattle dairy products. Since Sarab city has a large cattle population, and traditional dairy production and processing practices are still prevalent in this region and are known as tourist attractions and souvenirs of the region, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of infection in employees of traditional dairy products workshops in Sarab in 2018.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 196 employees of traditional dairy production and packaging workshops. Blood samples were obtained from all subjects in order to determine the serological status of the patients. After sera isolation, Rose Bengal, seroagglutination in tube (Wright), 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME), and ELISA tests were used to evaluate them.
Findings: In this study, the disease prevalence in the subjects with the mean age of 33±4.2 years was determined as 2, 1, 1, and 1% using Rose Bengal, Wright, 2-mercaptoethanol, and ELISA tests, respectively. The mean knowledge score of the employees in dairy products workshops was 31±5.7, and by increasing age and duration of work, knowledge about brucellosis was also increased
Conclusion: In this study, the mean knowledge score showed the average knowledge of the subjects about brucellosis. The disease prevalence in this occupational group was lower than that reported in other studies conducted on other at-risk occupational groups in other parts of Iran and the world. Therefore, health personnel should take the necessary measures against brucellosis.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (6-2018)
Abstract
Aims: The environment surrounding human includes physical, social, and psychological factors, each of which plays an important role in health status of human. The studies have shown that several psychological factors may play role in occupational burnout among the nurses. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between psychological capital and occupational burnout in nurses.
Instruments & Methods: The statistical population of the present descriptive correlational study comprised of employed nurses in hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, who were totally 4,000 participants selected based on the Cochran’s formula for sample size as 351 respondents, using stratified random sampling method in 2015-2016. The research tools included Luthans et al.’s psychological capital questionnaire and Maslach burnout inventory. The data analysis was performed, using statistical SPSS 19 software by stepwise regression, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and ANOVA test.
Findings: There was an inverse significant correlation among psychological capital (r=-0.179; p<0.05) and resiliency (r=-0.318; p<0.05) with occupational burnout, while self-efficacy, hope, positive attitude- optimism were not significantly related to occupational burnout. Accordingly, at the first step, resiliency interprets 10.1% of variance of occupational burnout (p<0.01). Therefore, regression can be extended to statistical population. Beta coefficient reduced occupational burnout up to 0.318 units against 1 unit increase in resiliency (p=0.001).
Conclusion: There is an inverse correlation between psychological capital and occupational burnout in nurses. However, there is no correlation between self-efficacy, hope, positive attitude-optimism of psychological capital with occupational burnout.
Volume 6, Issue 3 (11-2016)
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between occupational prestige and soldiering variables and intermediate role of organizational indifference. This research is practical and descriptive-correlative and data were collected through descriptive method. Statistical community is all Ilam petrochemical's Co. employees. Results showed that occupational prestige has a negative meaningful effect on organizational indifference and avoidance. Also, organizational indifference has a positive meaningful relationship. The mediating role of organizational indifference in the relationship between occupational prestige and the staff evasion was confirmed. Considering avoidance, obtained results in respective organization showed that occupational status is one of the main motivational factors for employees. With regard to their responses, the higher the occupational status are, the less the indifference and avoidance.
Volume 6, Issue 21 (9-2018)
Abstract
In the not- too- distant past of the Great Iran, there were jobs being actually disappeared or deformed in some way. Since introducing those forgotten jobs can help us better understand the Iranian society of that time, in this article, the author has introduced a number of old guilds that are derived from Sayida Nasafi's urban poetry, the Persian –speaker poet of Tajikistan in the eleventh century. It should be said that these jobs selected from more than two hundred jobs introduced in Sayida Nasafi's poem, have been common in Safavid period. The results showed that by introducing the jobs that has named in her urban poetry this Persian-speaker poet, in fact, has sought to support the lower and depriving classes of society and his behavior was an implicit criticism of the government and social issues.
Volume 7, Issue 1 (12-2022)
Abstract
Aim: Neck pain (NP) is one of the most common MusculoSkeletal Disorders (MSDs) that leading to occupational health problems and complaints among different professions. As many studies indicated that NP is common among teachers, this study aimed to assess the risk factors of occupational neck pain in among teachers based on Health Belief Model (HBM).
Method and Materials: In this descriptive-analytical study, 224 teachers from 26 schools were selected randomly. Based on inclusion criteria, 144 participants were eligible and included in the study. A self-designed questionnaire was applied to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed through Pearson correlation test by using SPSS version 24.
Findings: This study showed there is a significant relationship between teachers’ occupational neck pain and various factors such as age, gender, work experience, doing exercise, awareness, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy, and prevent behavior (P <0.05 in all instances).
Conclusion: As this study indicated the majority of the risk factors associated with neck pain can be controlled, providing educational - training program for teachers to reduce occupational neck pain is strongly recommended.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Abstract
Aims: Neck pain is a common problem among teachers. This study aimed to design and evaluate an instrument for measuring occupational neck pain preventive behaviors among teachers.
Method and Materials: This study was conducted from August to December 2020 among high school teachers in Tehran, Iran. In the qualitative phase, a purposeful sample of teachers (30 participants) was interviewed to generate an item pool. The content and face validity were performed, and an initial questionnaire was sent to 25 teachers of the target community to be examined in terms of simplicity, importance, relevance, and clarity. Then, a cross-sectional study with 146 teachers with a mean age of 36.7 ± 8.92 years was conducted, by which exploratory factor analysis was done to obtain the factor structure of the questionnaire. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was calculated to assess reliability, and the Intra Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) to assess stability.
Findings: Based on analysis of the exploratory factor, 8 factors with 43 substances, that together accounted for 65,25% variance, were obtained. The correlation matrix in the case scale to establish the validity of the questionnaire showed satisfactory results. The results of face validity showed that 4 factors were not approved and were removed from the questionnaire. Reliability evaluation with the internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha) showed excellent compatibility (0.87). The ICC reliability assessment showed that the questionnaire has satisfactory stability (0.92).
Conclusion: This instrument could be applied to evaluate unhealthy behavior due to neck pain and so improve these risky behaviors.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Aims: Social health is a person's internal state that determines his ability to communicate with society. The purpose of the study was to find a link between the population's health status and the social development of the Arctic regions in the Russian Federation.
Ideas & Methods: The content of the term social health may change depending on the disciplinary field. There are two main methods to define it; in a broader sense as an analog of social moods, and in a narrower sense, as the emergence of subjective wellbeing.
Findings: Socio-demographic characteristics of the social health of the Russian population showed a negative trend in the growth of crime and drug addiction in the country.
Conclusion: Special attention should be paid to the importance of individual human behavior in determining social health. Each person has unique health factors, depending on age, gender, social status, and financial situation. Lifestyle plays an important role in a healthy lifestyle.
Volume 10, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Occupational safety, contact care, safety policy, as well as mental-environmental conditions, are supposed among the most significant factors shaping the levels of stress in nurses. Therefore, this path analysis was fulfilled to test a theoretical model to reflect on the relationship between Safety policy, occupational safety, mental-environmental conditions, and Contact Care.
Instrument & Methods: This predictive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018-19. A total number of 530 nurses were selected from 11 hospitals in 4 provinces in Iran. The Stress of Exposure to Sharps Injury Scale was used. A path analysis was also utilized by SPSS 24 software.
Findings: The mean age of the nurses was 35.72±7.78. As well, 12.5% of the nurses had associate’s degrees and 82.2% of them were holding bachelor’s and higher degrees. The path analysis also explained 57.6% of the variance in contact care. Moreover, the findings indicated a direct effect as a significant positive relationship between occupational safety and mental-environmental conditions. Likewise, safety policy could mediate the relationship between occupational safety, mental-environmental conditions, and safety policy.
Conclusion: The study findings suggested that safety policy could mediate the relationship between occupational safety, mental-environmental conditions, and contact care. therefore, designing and implementing suitable safety policy statements can play a vital role in reducing the levels of stress among nurses in terms of patient care.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (6-2025)
Abstract
Aim: Occupational stress is one of the contributing factors to musculoskeletal disorders, affecting worker health and productivity. This study evaluates evidence on risk factors, mediators, and preventive strategies for musculoskeletal disorders in high-stress work environments.
Method and Materials: The literature review utilized PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies from 2019 to 2024. Relevant keywords and Boolean operators refined the search, and selected articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The final studies were analyzed and synthesized for a comprehensive review.
Findings: Occupational stress significantly contributes to musculoskeletal disorders, with psychological mediators like burnout and sleep disturbances exacerbating symptoms. Key stressors include excessive workloads, poor ergonomics, and long hours, with women and older workers at higher risk. Effective interventions, such as ergonomic training, physical activity, and leadership support, can mitigate these risks.
Conclusion: Occupational stress significantly contributes to musculoskeletal disorders, requiring integrated interventions. Targeted strategies can reduce Musculoskeletal disorders , enhance well-being, and improve productivity.
Volume 12, Issue 1 (3-2008)
Abstract
By the increasing rate of flexibility in management systems including compensation systems, it is necessary to study theoretically and understand the key variables on designation of flexible compensation systems.
Purpose – The purpose of this article is to study the ability of agency theory in explanation of compensation problems inrollving the cultural context and occupation features in Iranian Automotivie Induslry.
Design/methodology- In this article, a conceptual model was developed in which we examined the relation of independent variable (agency theory assumptions) and dependent variables (current structure of compensation contracts and agent's tendency to arrange this structure). this relation is interfered with moderate variables (cultural dimensions and kind of occupation). In order to test the hypothesis, two active firms in automotive industry (manufacturing and service companies) were selected for sampling. It is to be mentioned that agency theory assumptions have not been examined in Iranian Automantive ludustry.
Results –Test of hypothesis confirmed lots of agency theory assumptions. our findings showed that some of agency theory predictions are attenuated by cultural characteristics and most of time there is a significant relation between agency theory assumptions and occupation conditions. Conclusions - using agency theory assumptions with respect to cultural dimensions and
occupation dimensions and occupation conditions in drawing up of compensation contracts will improve Iranian firm’s wage and salary systems in order to reduce agency problems and the related cost.
Volume 12, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Aims: The increased recognition of the significance of occupational safety and health in the workplace has attracted increasing attention in the field of public health. This study aimed to analyze recent trends in prioritizing worker safety, health, and well-being in the workplace, focusing on the connections between occupational safety and health and public health.
Information & Methods: This systematic review employed a combined approach using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses model along with an analysis tool, VOSviewer, for a systematic review of the literature. The research process involved identifying search topics and pertinent keywords (such as occupational safety, health, well-being, and public health) and conducting a systematic literature search in the Scopus and SciSpace databases
Findings: A shift in awareness regarding occupational risks and their impact on mental and physical health was indicated. Moreover, the study underscored the significance of integrating occupational health with public health.
Conclusion: The safety, health, and well-being of workers significantly influence not only individuals but also the overall welfare of society.
Volume 12, Issue 3 (8-2024)
Abstract
Aims: New developments in artificial intelligence offer promising prospects for transforming therapeutic approaches and enhancing outcomes for individuals with a range of abilities. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the applications of artificial intelligence in occupational therapy.
Information & Methods: In this systematic review, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, we searched English-language studies regarding the use of artificial intelligence in occupational therapy, on February 18, 2024, using the databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science.
Findings: Six eligible studies were included in this review. The artificial intelligence approaches used in these studies included artificial neural networks, multi-core learning models, deep learning models, machine learning models, and classification and regression trees. All the studies reported promising results regarding the use of artificial intelligence in evaluating and predicting return to work, alleviating symptoms, recovering social function, reducing disease recurrence, improving re-employment rates, and enhancing the overall health level of patients.
Conclusion: One of the most common issues with artificial intelligence models is their low accuracy and the potential for errors.
Volume 13, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Aims: This study examined the relationship between innovation practices and occupational fatigue among healthcare professionals in a high-intensity oncology setting.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Center (SQCCC) in Muscat, Oman in 2024, involving 163 clinical staff members. Data were collected using validated self-reported questionnaires that measured innovation practices, occupational fatigue, and demographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and independent samples t-test were performed to identify significant relationships and demographic differences.
Findings: Innovation practices were rated highly across domains, with resource allocation scoring the highest (4.26±0.42). Occupational fatigue levels were relatively low overall (1.73±1.03), with shift-related fatigue being the most prominent (1.92±0.85). A significant negative correlation was identified between occupational fatigue and innovation (r=-0.68, p<0.05). Leadership behaviors (r=-0.62, p<0.05) and organizational climate (r=-0.59, p<0.05) showed the strongest negative associations with fatigue. Participants aged over 40 reported higher fatigue levels compared to younger professionals aged 20-40. Additionally, professionals with over 10 years of experience exhibited significantly higher innovation scores (p=0.032) and lower fatigue levels (p=0.027) than their less experienced counterparts.
Conclusion: Demographic factors, such as age, experience, and education, play significant roles in shaping perceptions of fatigue and innovation.
Volume 13, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Aims: Occupational illnesses remain a pressing concern for workers exposed to hazardous materials in industrial settings. While personal protective equipment is a primary safeguard against such risks, its inconsistent utilization highlights critical gaps in understanding the determinants of personal protective equipment compliance. This study investigated personal and situational factors influencing personal protective equipment usage among employees handling organic solvents in three major industrial companies.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study of 340 workers employed the health promotion model as the theoretical framework to identify personal protective equipment utilization predictors. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, t-test, and two-level logistic regression.
Findings: Only 47.9% of workers regularly used face masks, while 67.4% wore gloves, signifying substantial non-compliance. Interpersonal factors, such as trust, mutual respect, and collegial relationships, among the health promotion model components, were significantly associated with personal protective equipment adherence. Additionally, organizational factors, including workplace policies and support systems, were strongly correlated with using protective gloves. These findings underscore the critical role of fostering interpersonal relationships and implementing robust organizational policies to promote compliance with personal protective equipment.
Conclusion: The health promotion model can be utilized to understand compliance with personal protective equipment in industrial settings.
Elham Aminzadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (5-2008)
Abstract
The protection of fundamental human rights at the time of war or peace is an obligation that should be observed at anytime by the states and international organizations. After the Second World War, the non-peaceful situations such as occupation and economic sanctions have occurred numerously, which in some cases lasted for more than a decade. Unfortunately, the laws governing these situations are not implemented properly, and therefore fundamental human rights of people, especially their life, integrity and security, have been violated. This article aims at considering legal rules and their effectiveness in protecting fundamental human rights at the times of occupation and economic sanctions. This study is based primarily on the conventional and customary international legal rules.
Volume 18, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Nowadays, studies on managing and entrepreneurship have found great importance, and attracted the attention of many researchers. So that in this respect, various articles have been produced. Technical and vocational training had the achievement of reception and publication of more than 500 articles. Variety of different issues, conflicts, contradictions or inconsistencies in the results of the studies, made us to extract 69 articles related to employment, entrepreneurship and the characteristics of entrepreneurs in two conferences of training and employment, through meta-analysis method. Data analysis was done using descriptive indicators. The results showed that more training in entrepreneurship and employment issues in three categories of concepts and conceptual models of context and personality characteristics, and skills of entrepreneurship has been dedicated. The Quantitative and survey research methods were used in this study.
