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Volume 10, Issue 1 (5-2010)
Abstract
According to the neoclassical approach, input prices as a measure of resources scarcity induce firms to cost-minimizing and efficient allocation of recourses. But when the prices are distorted, the effective competitive inputs are used inefficiently and have resulted in under- or over-utilization of production factors relative to their endowments or allocative inefficiency.
In this paper, the shadow cost approach and system of equations are used to estimate allocative inefficiency using the Iran's manufacturing data over the period 1976-2006. The results show that there is strong allocative inefficiency and increasing cost of production of firms in Iran's Manufacturing Sector.
Volume 12, Issue 4 (1-2013)
Abstract
Science and technology can have a major role in growth and creating value added of communities. Research and development are important economic issue that cause technological changes and therefore have a significant role in development of technology and increasing production capacities. Although recently developing countries have realized the importance of R&D, their production units are unable to invest more in R&D section. It is also believed that in the early stages of development, the existing technological gap between these countries and technology leaders decrease the success possibility of R&D efforts and as a result, these communities don’t have reasonable technological basis for innovation. So in the early stages of development, in addition to R&D efforts, import of capital goods can also be effective in developing technology and increasing production capacities of developing countries. In this study, the effect of internal R&D capital stock and external capital stock on value added of the Iranian medium and large industries is investigated over the period of 1994-2007 by applying panel data approach. The results indicate that internal and external capital stock, human capital and internal R&D capital stock have a significant and positive effect on added value of the Iranian medium and large industries during the mentioned period. The research findings have also revealed that although the number of labor force has a positive impact on added value of these industries, it is not statistically significant.
Somayeh Azami,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (7-2014)
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of R&D on profitability of high -tech industries with new evidence from the Iranian industries carrying four- digit codes. The Structure- Conduct- Performance (SCP) paradigm, which is relatively well known in industrial economics and in organization management, provides the theoretical construct that guides our empirical model formulation and execution. The data is compiled from observations made at the plant level covering all industrial plants employing ten or more persons and carrying four- digit codes within the time span of 1994-2007. The model used essentially consists of a simultaneous equation system framework grounded into a panel data approach and estimated by Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS). Our findings indicate a positive and significant effect of R&D expenditures, measured in intensive form, on profitability of high-tech industries as evidenced by the Iranian case. Our more notable finding is the positive effect of lagged profits on R&D expenditure intensity, revealing a likely mutually enforcing relationship between profitability and R&D intensity in high tech industries