Aims: Low Back Pain (LBP) is a cosly, recurrent and prevalent health problem among nurses. This sudy aimed to explore the effect of a multidimensional education program on changing unhealthy behaviors of nurses. 
Insrument & Methods: This pre-posed designed sudy was carried out on 34 nursing sudents.  Interventional program was accomplished in a three-hour session, in which the participants were familiar with musculoskeletal sysem, the right posures of this sysem, occupational factors which may cause skeletal LBP, skills of doing back exercise behaviors. The second and third hour of this session mentally factors influencing on LBP, the ways and techniques to manage daily sresses as well as healthy social skills in lifetime were discussed. The demographic and behavior quesionnaires were flled at pre and pos intervention. The data were entered into SPSS and analyzed through the paired T-Test.
Findings: Of 34 nursing sudents, 27 sudents with mean age of 22.44±2.76 completed the sudy. At 2- month follow up, the participants did back exercise signifcantly compared to initial of the sudy (p=0.003). Furthermore, keeping healthy posure of vertebra while walking and sanding were signifcantly better than before intervention (p=0.001 and p=0.05 respectively).
Conclusion: This sudy revealed that the educational intervention could be resulted in healthy behaviors of the nursing sudents to prevent LBP.

Aims: Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of university students is an important issue in order to tackle the physical, mental and social issues as early as possible to produce future leaders towards developed nations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to improve HRQOL of university students.
Instrument & Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-post design study. Participants included nursing students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). The sample size was 27 randomly selected students. Students were invited to participate in a workshop which included two 60-minute sessions. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and Short form of Quality of Life questionnaire (SF-36) at two time points of initial of the study and 2- month follow up. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests (paired T-Test).
Findings: Comparing the dimensions of HRQOL in the participants before and after the intervention indicated significant improvement of all aspects of the quality of life, particularly in general health, vitality and mental health (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed educational the program could improve the students’ mental health, general health, and vitality that in turn improved their quality of life

Aim: Musculoskeletal pain refers to pain in the muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and nerves. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between factors affecting musculoskeletal pain and demographic variables of nursing and midwifery students. studying
in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)
Method and Instrument: The method of this cross-sectional study was descriptive– correlational through which 120 nursing and midwifery students of Tehran University of medical sciences aged between 18-22 years were studied. The sample was selected by simple random sampling and standard Nordic pain questionnaire was used to measure the prevalence of pain. To test the hypotheses, in addition to descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, chi-square test was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS-25 software. Findings: Totally, 120 nursing and midwifery students including 55.8% of nursing students (N=67) and 44.2% midwifery students (N=53) were studied. The results showed that nursing students more than midwifery students were suffering from at least one more musculoskeletal pain. This study showed that there is statistically significant difference
between nursing and midwifery students in terms of foot pain (P <0.01) that means the rate of foot pain in nursing students was higher than midwifery students.
Conclusion: Findings from this study showed that there was a relationship between demographic variables, field of study and musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, nursing students might suffer from more musculoskeletal pain.

Aims: Quality of Life (QOL)is a basic and pervasive term for the quality of the various domains in human life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of skeletal-muscular pains on the quality of life in nursing and midwifery students.
Method and Instruments: This cross-sectional study was done in 120 nursing and midwifery students of Tehran University of Medical sciences (TUMS) aged between 18-22 years old. The students were selected by simple random sampling. They standard Nordic pain questionnaire and WHO-quality of life scales were applied to collect data. Mean / standard Deviation (SD) and T test were used to analyze data through SPSS-25 software.
Findings: The findings of tis study showed that midwifery students were better than nursing students in social health and environmental health, but in other quality of life dimensions, both students were almost similar (P>0.05). Moreover, the rate of musculoskeletal pain in nursing and midwifery students was almost the same. There was no significant difference between students` quality of life dimensions based on having or not having musculoskeletal pain (P>0.05).
Conclusion: To conclude, it seems that Skeletal-muscular pains do not have a significant effect on students’ quality of life due to their youth.

Aim: Work - related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSds) are mainly associated with nurses’ high physical demands. Training healthy behavior can reduce these disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) on changing unhealthy behaviors leading to(LBP) in nursing aid staff working in Qom hospitals.
Method and Materials: A quasi-experimental study was conducted from 2017 to 2018 with educational intervention based on SCT was performed on 452 nursing aid. Data collection tools were the questionnaire of SCT constructs, the LBP Prevention Behavior Questionnaire (LBPBPQ), the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS), and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for LBP. The training was based on the four structures of self-efficacy, self-regulation, outcome expectation, and moral disengagement in groups of 20 to 30 individuals. Then the pre-and post-intervention data were compared through the statistical tests.
Findings: After the intervention, SCT structures were increased significantly. The mean score of lumbar health behavior after training showed a significant increase from 32.59 to 32.57. The mean score of LBP after training decreased significantly from 5.17 to 3.98 and the mean score of physical disability of LBP decreased significantly after training.
Conclusion: Educational intervention based on SCT reduces the severity of LBP and the consequent disability

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the examination of relaxation training based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model in anxiety reduction on nursing staffs.
Materials and Methods: Intervention studies were examined in Alzahra hospital on 64 members of the nursing staffs based on Spielberger anxiety questioner with higher anxiety score in 2016. We used Spielberger (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) questionnaire for the measurement of the anxiety and for assaying predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors, a questionnaire designed based on the PRECEDE- PROCEED model. Participants were divided randomly into 2 intervention and control groups. The educational training was carried out in 4 sessions for 45-60 minute in the intervention group. Questionnaire completion was done before, immediately and 4 months after the training. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22 (p˂0.05).
Findings: The results of this study showed that the mean of anxiety score before of training in two groups did not significantly (p=0.12), but after of training, the anxiety score was decreased significantly in the intervention group (p˂0.01). Also, after training, the amount of predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors increased significantly in the intervention group in comparison to control group (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Findings of this research confirm the effect of health education based on PRECEDE-PROCEED on taking health behaviors and promote people health. Intervention based on this model improved the quality of life in the nursing staff in our study.

Aims: The qualities of nursing care and factors affecting it have always been a challenge in health care systems. Humanistic care is an approach in care delivery in the nursing profession. Participation of different parts, including patients, their families, and nurses, improves care satisfaction. This study aimed to promote humanistic care in an intensive care setting using technical action research.
Methods: This study was conducted as Technical Action Research based on the “unsparing response to situation” Model. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews, and field notes through purposive sampling were performed with quantitative and qualitative methods during four steps in the intensive care unit of Booali Sina Hospital from 2018 to 2020.
Findings: After four months of program implementation and changes due to the COVID-19 crisis in the final evaluation phase, data collection reflected "understanding of patient and family needs and concerns, empathy by nurses, mutual satisfactionˮ, "non-discrimination and replacement of ethical reasoning on the personal judgment”, “birth and germination of humanistic careˮ and "growing satisfaction from humanistic careˮ. Also, increasing the score of quality of nursing care, quality of work-life and Caring Nurse-Patient/Family Interactions after interventions indicated the promotion of humanistic care in the intensive care unit.
Conclusion: Humanistic values are intrinsic; they can be exteriorized in special sensitive circumstances and “education and learning professional values” and are not necessarily acquired. Covid-19 has acted as a facilitator, accelerating the conversion of non-humanistic to humanistic care. Knowing this, managers should properly understand and analyze the intervening variables based on the proposed care model, i.e., the “existence of care promotion elements” and “sensitivity of situations”.