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Introduction: In cognitive linguistics, the study of linguistic meaning is not the aim by itself. Instead in this field of linguistics, the focus is on understanding the nature of conceptual system of human's mind.  Noting that image schema due to its importance in understanding of abstract concepts are an important category in linguistic studies. This paper studies the embodied patterns of image schemas in the absolute congenital blind compared with their counterparts based on Johnson's embodied cognition theory (1987) in cognitive semantics.
Method: The methodology of this quantitative research is comparative between two groups of blind and non-blinds.  Thus, 48 male and female blinds and non-blinds with diploma and graduate education aged 18- 28 years, due to the study of such variables as gender, education and age, were evaluated, and they were asked to describe 30 selected words based on Ricci Bitty and Poggi's  procedures (1991), then their image schemas were investigated.
Results and Findings: The results showed that the blinds, due to lack of vision, use more lexical descriptions and more image schema than their counterparts, in a way, graduate female blinds were reported as the most frequent users of image schema. The statistics also prove that the path and cycle schema, among different types of schema proposed by Johnson (1987), have the most and the least amount of usage in both groups respectively. Also, the study showed that age, gender, education variables as influential factors had no effect on understanding blind people and their counterparts from the image schema.
 
 

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 Authors usually choose the most appropriate style to influence the reader's mind. Style plays an important role in conveying content because people's desire to read a story depends largely on its writing style. Style is the mirror of the author and therefore, its change indicates the effect of external and internal factors on the style’s owner. Stylistics is the knowledge that describes the  characteristics of a text and then the relation beween these features and the text, and one of its branches is Statistical Stylistics. This approach takes into account the quantity of lexical phenomena in the text and based on the results of this survey, rules. In other words, it uses quantity to achieve quality. This article deals with statistical stylistics in the Nahj al-Balagha's letters. Letters 23, 30 and 73 were selected as samples and their style differences were extracted using two statistical theories, Busemann’s equation and Johnson’s theory, using the descriptive-analytical and statistical method. The result of applying these two theories to the selected samples is that according to Busemann's equation, style  of the letter30 is more literary than the other two letters, and style of letter 23 and 73 are almost similar. Also, according to Johnson's theory, the vocabulary richness in the letter 73 is more than the other letters, and letters 23 and 30 have approximately the same vocabulary richness. The results indicate the obvious effect of social conditions on how words are chosen by Imam Ali (PUH).

1. Introduction
The author's style and how he chooses the words plays the most essential role in the correct transmission of meanings to the readers. Accurate identification and analysis of each person's style will help to understand his/her content. One of the newest branches of rhetoric that deals with this issue is statistical stylistics.
Statistical stylistics uses quantity to achieve quality and with the help of it, we will be able to recognize the characteristics of texts and compare them from different aspects. In this field, there are different theories; Including: Johnson’s theory, Youl’s theory, Busemann’s equation, entropy, NLP, etc. So far, a complete and one hundred percent accurate way to identify an author's style has not been introduced, and all that has been done is an effort to improve the method of identifying and distinguishing authors' style.
This research is an attempt to identify Imam Ali’s style, using existing theories, which have not yet become science. In order to achieve this goal, we have used two theories to examine two factors of the theorists' desired factors and achieve more accurate results; So we chose Johnson's theory and Busemann’s equation.
One of the conditions for the application of these two theories is the equality of the number of words in the selected texts and also their similarity in some fields (Maslouh, 1993, pp. 89 and 105); Therefore, in this study, from among 19 general categories of letters (Dashti, 2016, p. 357), we selected the "ethical category" and selected three letters 23, 30 and 73, with 84, 88 and 82 words, as samples. Therefore, they do not differ much in terms of subject and  the number of words.

2. Literature Review
Statistical stylistics is based on achieving the stylistic features of  a literary work using quantity and numerical values, and to achieve this goal, it counts the lexical elements of the literary work or the length of words and sentences, Or focuses on the relationship between adjectives, nouns, and verbs (Blith, 1989, p. 37). The use of statistical methods in style analysis has proven to be a reliable method (Biber, 1995). In this research, the output of these methods is used as quantity to achieve quality.

3. Methodoloy

•   Busemann’s equation

Busemann counts the number of verbs and adjectives and then divides them. The result of this division is used as a criterion for measuring the literary nature of the text; Thus, the higher this ratio in a text, the closer its style to the literary style, and the less, the closer its style to the scientific style (Maslouh, 1992, pp. 73-74). This equation is as follows (the same, p. 77):

In this study, we counted the number of verbs and adjectives in each letter and, after calculating the ratio, drew graphs related to it.

•   Johnson’s Theory

In Johnson's method, non-repetitive words are called “types” and the total number of words is called “Tokens”. Therefore, the diversity ratio is called “Type Token Ratio” (TTR) (Maslouh, 1993, p. 91). In this study, we selected the first 80 words from each letter as a sample and divided them into 4 groups (20 words). Then for each example, drew a table and removed the repetitive words.
After obtaining the output of both theories, we discuss the cause of their differences and the effect of social conditions on this difference.

4. Conclusion
This research led to the following results:

•   According to Busemann's theory, the highest (VAR) relates to the letter 30 and the lowest to the letter 23; Therefore, the style of  letter 30 is more literary than the other two letters, and the style of letters 23 and 73 is similar, but the style of all three letters is literary.
•   According to Johnson's theory, in the letter 23  has used the most repetitive words and in the letter 73 has used the least repetitive words; Therefore, the highest vocabulary richness is related to the letter 73 and the lowest is related to the letter 23.
•   Differences in the type of verbs used in letters indicate the effect of circumstances on how words are chosen. For example when Imam (PUH) intends to change the behavior of the reader, he has used maximum number of verbs, which indicates the overcoming of emotions.
•   Imam (PUH) is tired of correspondence with Muawiyah in letter 73 and avoids repeated conversations. Therefore, this letter has the highest vocabulary richness, but in letter 23, Imam (PUH) intended to clarify his will for the public, so he used more repetitive words to understand the subject well; Therefore, the vocabulary richness of this letter has decreased. On the other hand, the reader of  letter 30, unlike the letter 23, is a special person; Therefore, its style is more serious and has more vocabulary richness.

  Since all three letters were written during the caliphate of Imam (PUH), the general conditions for all three letters were the same and slight difference in the results indicates relative stability in the style of letters.

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In this paper, the behavior of multi-layered Alumina ceramic armor against high velocity projectile has been considered. Due to the conoid failure mechanism of ceramics under impact loadings, high compressive strength and erosive behavior of them against projectiles, specially ogive nosed ones, various incorporation of this material in modern armor applications is possible. Consideration of this behavior by means of different constitutive relations in detail, such as given by Johnson & Holmquist, one can design an armor with higher ballistic performance. In this study, "conoid fracture" behavior of "ceramic - elastomer" armor has been simulated in LS - Dyna with Johnson - Holmquist constitutive relation. As a result, the conoid failure of top layer ceramic causes the impact pressure to decrease in back layer, and consequently the epoxy interface transfers the pressure distribution between ceramic layers, causing growth and propagation of conoid failure thus distributing the pressure in larger area, finally resisting against projectile penetration in the armor. Application of this armor system for light-weight and heavy back layer-free purposes, would be of the highest priority against high velocity projectiles.

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The research entitled “A comparative study of Saadi’s Golestan and Samuel Johnson’s Rasselas” is based on the inclination of 18th century writer and theorist Johnson on towards rich Persian literature and outstanding resemblance of Golestan and Rassales from the structural, moral, Philosophical points of view. The findings are based on two hypotheses: (1) Has there been any basis for Johnson’s specific attention to Persian literature and if there has been any interest or familiarity with Persian literature, how extensive or profound has it been? (2) With regard to the deep influence of the French Neo-classicists on English Neo-classicists in the 18th century, is there any possibility that, even Johnson had an access to the English text of Golestan. The present paper also comes up with noteworthy results representing this fact that the first feeling about the similarity between Golestan and Rasselas was not baseless. The evidence indicates that not only was Johnson fascinated by Arabic and Persian literature (which Europeans considered interchangeable) but also widely studied the translation of Persian poets like Saadi. The similarity between the two works has been so remarkable that it attracted the attention of some of Persian and English scholars. However, the present project is intended to test and check the authenticity of this sense of similarity, to give it a second thought and to deal with it more consciously and seriously than it has experienced so far.

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Electro Magnetic Forming (EMF) is one of the methods for forming the metal plates with high speed; electromagnet force is used as a forming agent in this process. In this thesis, it simulates transient analysis of electromagnetic coil and structure analysis of high speed forming process. Whole of the high speed forming process time is divided in several processes. At the beginning of the first stage the voltage and the geometric, physical and mechanical specifications of the workpiece and coil and the mold are entered to the ANSYS software and the magnetic parameters of the process such as magnetic field density and the simulation current is extracted. Also in this stage magnetic force is obtained in Ansys software and by applying them in workpiece in LS-DYNA software, agent analysis of the process and shape of piece is obtained. In the second stage the pipe deformation obtained in the first stage is transported to the electromagnetic section of process in Ansys software. Also in this process, after forces computation in Ansys, the results sent to the agent section in Ls-Dyna software. This interaction between these two software is repeated several times until whole the process time is finished and final shape of pipe is obtained. The results of simulation are compared whit experimental test results. so The accuracy of this method was confirmed. The simulation and experimental results indicate that with increasing the capacitor energy, the peak current and electromagnet force are increased and finally displacement of pieces also increases.

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Widespread use in the machining procedures in producing industrial pieces, optimization of this procedure is one of most subjects that attract researchers interest. Finite element analysis based techniques are available to simulate cutting processes. Success and reliability of numerical models are heavily dependent upon work material flow stress models in function of strain, strain rate and temperatures. One of the most accurate and most useful equations are presented, the fundamental equation Johnson-Cook is. The basic equations for modeling the behavior of each material, is needed to determine the equation coefficients.The model parameters are determined by fitting the data from both quasi-static compression tests at law strain rates and machining tests at high strain rates. After getting result from the equation, its accuracy being checked either in compression tests or in machining tests by simulation with Abaqus software and its results are compared with the results of machining tests. Studies show the correctness of the equation in determining the dynamic behavior of 5083 alloy is established. Therefore, this equation can be used for modeling the behavior of the selected alloy in other shaping processes, and can be used its results.

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Creation of a compressive residual stress in specimen that are exposed to fatigue induced failure, is considered to be a beneficial solution in order to neutralize all or some parts of the external force. Using components with this residual field stresses in high temperature applications can lead to reduction and termination of residual stress field and the effectiveness of this residual stress fields in high temperature is always questioned. So this paper aimed to simulate and study residual stress field made by multiple laser shot peening which is a novel method to create in depth residual stress. Thermal relaxation of this residual stress field due to working conditions was also investigated by FEM simulation in ABAQUS. Ti-6Al-4V was the employed material and since high strain rates were involved in dynamic loading process of simulation, Johnson-Cook material model was used to count for nonlinear material behavior. Results showed that created residual stress field from this method is much deeper than similar conventional shot peening process and by using multiple laser shot peening on the same spot, it is possible to achieve 640 MPa in one loading cycle, 834 MPa in two cycle loading and 889 MPa in three cycle loading. By applying 600 ℃ on specimen, it was observed that for each of single shot, double shot and triple shot specimens, a surface residual stress relaxation of 28.13%, 41.37% and 43.87% occurred, respectively.

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In the present study, solid particle erosion of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under the impact of spherical alumina particles with a diameter of 85 microns was analyzed using experimental studies and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) modeling. The erosive behavior of this alloy was simulated as impacts on micro-scale and based on Johnson-Cook constitutive equations. This research focuses on the effect of particle velocity and impact angle on erosion rate as the most critical factors. Additionally, the results of this model are validated by empirical results under-considered conditions. At the end of the article, based on the alloy properties, the velocity of particles, and impact angle, a prediction equation was presented on erosion rate in the studied range of velocity and impact angle. This study indicates a power-law equation between the velocity of particles and the erosion rate, where the power is independent of impact angle. Furthermore, in all the velocity and angle ranges, the maximum erosion rate was associated with the angle of 45^o. Therefore, the critical angle in erosion is also independent of the velocity of particles.

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In orthopedic surgery, the drilling process is used to internally fix the fracture zone. During bone drilling, if the temperature exceeds the limit of 47 °C, it results in altered bone alkaline phosphatase nature, occurrence of thermal necrosis, non-fixation and inadequate bone fusion In order to investigate the effective parameters of the drilling process, after three-dimensional modeling of the femur bone in Mimics software and determination of bone coefficients based on the Johnson-Cook model, numerical simulation of the cortical and trabecular bone oblique drilling process have been performed. The drilling process was performed in both normal and high speed modes based on reverse heat transfer theory using DEFORM-3D software. The results of numerical simulation after validation with experimental results showed that this theory is capable of estimating the temperature and heat flux in this process and the occurrence of necrosis in both processes (normal and high speed) is imminent. The temperature in the drilling area of the trabecular bone is higher than the cortical bone at all speeds and feed rates and the axial force of the trabecular bone is less than the cortical bone at all speeds and feed rates. The optimum point leading to the minimum temperature in normal drilling of trabecular and cortical bone is the feed rate of 150 mm/min and the rotational speed of 2000 rpm. This optimum point is obtained in the high-speed drilling of trabecular and cortical bone at the feed rate of 150 mm/min and rotational speed of 4,000 rpm and 7,000 rpm. 

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One of the most important ways to understand people's thoughts is to study their written works. Each author draws a method consistent with his or her desired goals in order to affect the minds of readers. The style plays an important role in content transfer and access to the purpose of writing, because the readers’ inclination to read texts depends a lot on the proper structure of sentences. The most important modern trends are Stylistic that has multiple approaches, including Statistical Stylistics, a trend that uses quantity to achieve quality. This research deals with the study of Statistical Stylistics in Al-Sahifah Al-Sajjadiyyah. Ten prayers based on their words and subjects were selected and then compared their vocabulary richness, according to the two theories propounded by Yule and his colleagues, and Johnson, through descriptive-analytical and statistical approaches. We concluded that the highest vocabulary richness of Al-Sahifah Al-Sajjadiyyah is for the prayer 19 (Johnson's theory), and prayers 19 and 29 (by theory of Yule et al.), and the lowest is for the prayer 38 (Johnson’s theory), and the prayers 38 and 54 (by theory of Yule et al.). Thus, according to the two theories, the highest vocabulary richness is related to the moral category and the lowest is related to the historical category, but the differences between them was not much, and the reason of this differences have been the impact of social conditions.