Showing 9 results for Iron Age
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2015)
Abstract
For the first time, invention of iron production technique emerged by the Hittite in Anatolia, in the mid-second millennium BC. (about 1200 BC). Hittite government collapsed and iron production technology expanded to the adjacent areas, including Iran. Soon iron was used for production of various tools, equipments, weapons, ornaments and other items. In Iran, the first iron objected, in a limited number, appeared among the remains of Iron Age I (1200-1450 BC). Iron objects are much more in the Iron Age II (1200-800BC). In the first half of the first millennium BC the widespread use of iron for making tools led to rapid technological advances and extensive changes in the social and economic structures. In this paper, the role of iron production technology in these extensive changes will be studied.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (12-2017)
Abstract
Iron Age is the most influential cultural periods of the components, cultures and features in the North East of Iran with a focus on Greater Khorasan province due to lack of studies, remains unknown and neglected.Before this study, little evidence of the culture of the period in Khorasan few and scattered archaeological survey and excavations showed cultural affinity with the culture obtained in the comparative approach Yaz and Dahistan in Central Asia.By studying the material culture of the Tighe Mohre in Neyshabur plain surface in the form of a systematic survey have been collected, a significant relationship with Yaz culture can be seen in the north-western Neyshabour plains.These similarities with the study, interpreted pottery and settlement patterns.This information along with data from other areas of lowland plains of Khorasan province, Nishapur plain and other basic framework for understanding the cultural elements of the Iron Age traditions.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (10-2019)
Abstract
Abstract
Iron Age is one of the key and important periods of the humankind evolutionary process in the world. This period is representative of crucial changes of human life. New citied were erected and urbanization took on a new dimension by large numbers of urban dwellings. Social hierarchies were stabilized and new cultural traditions in human societies emerged by technological, industrial, literature and ideology. But the case in Iranian Plateau is not the same. No region in the Iranian Plateau had experienced an integrated power and literature except the Elamites, unlike neighboring regions such as Mesopotamia and Anatoly. While despite all these lacking and differences the region can’t be disregarded in figuring out the general overview of the Middle Eastern Iron Age puzzle. As the region’s specific geographical characteristics as well as its strategic position made it share an important part in the formation and replacement of the Iron Age cultures in the Middle East. In this regard studying the Iron Ages in Iran and their formation both from geographical and theoretical would be of great importance in knowing this period changes. However, because of geographical complexity of the western Iran knowing the Iron Age cultures, their emergence and develop is not complete and there are many theories on the issue. In order to explain the evolutionary process of the Iron Age societies in the region, this article aims to review and reevaluate the various theories on Iron Age emergence and development through western Iran and
Volume 11, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
In Archaeology the Iron Age refers to the period in which the immigration struggle intensified between different ethnic groups. The best data from these immigrant communities are their funerary structures. So that these structures have been seen in many areas of Archaeological where they are occupied. The most prominent funeral feature of these tribes that can be seen in the most entered lands is a circular stone structure on the grave that surrounds the central space or location of the dead. The study area is one of the flooded rivers of Meshgin city that such a system is one of the important factors in the appearance of the ancient sites of this part of Ardabil province. In archaeological surveys, many Iron Age cemeteries were identified and studied in this area. One of the sensible Features for the tombs of these cemeteries is interesting circle-shaped structures that surround the inside of the grave and location of the dead place. This research is worked with brief background of the transmittal rate of such structures in the second and first millennium B.C graves in different parts of the world with looking for the mythological and symbology studies that why and how the circular structures are made in the ancient Iron Age burials of Meshgin Chayi basin. A sociological regard to this topic shows that there have been special belief between Iron Age societies that believe on those due to appearance and continuation of special methods in the dead interment
Hassan Fazeli Nashli, Armin Schmidt,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (5-2006)
Abstract
In March 2004, a fluxgate gradiometer survey was conducted over Tepe Ghabristan, covering approximately 6ha of ground. It identified further areas of the Iron Age cemetery with possible grave pits (Areas B and C). In addition, an irrigation channel was discovered which could be contemporary to these Iron Age graves (Area D). The anomalies in Area E can be interpreted as buried structural remains, possibly linked to metalworking.
A.s. Mucheshi,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (4-2012)
Abstract
This paper focuses on studying, introducing and comparing seals from the settlement areas and cemeteries in the North of Central Plateau of Iran. These seals were discovered in the previous and present excavations and surveys over the region. Based on the obtained results, the ratio of similarity and difference between the two groups of seals (from the settlement areas and the cemeteries) is quite proportionate to that of the potteries found in the mentioned region (again in the settlement areas and the cemeteries). The differences are not so significant to that ignore the traits they have in common. To put it simply, the specific signs and traits could be generally introduced as the seal making style of the Iron Age.
A. Mark Pollard, Hossein Davoudi, Iman Mostafapour, Hamid Reza Valipour, Hassan Fazeli Nashli,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2012)
Abstract
Archaeological excavations on the western part of the Central Iranian Plateau, known as the Qazvin Plain provides invaluable information about the sedentary communities from early occupation to the later prehistoric era. Despite the past archeological data, chronological studies mostly rely on the relative use of the Bayesian modeling for stratigraphically-related radiocarbon dates. The current paper provides a new model for excavations and the chronological framework based on new radiocarbon dating of the six key archeological enclosures in the Qazvin plain. A Bayesian analysis of these data is presented on a site-by-site basis to give the best chronologies. Finally, all dates are combined into a single model of the chronology of the Qazvin Plain from the Late Neolithic to the Iron Age. The procedure aims to use the Bayesian model to predict the transition points between the archaeologically-defined periods with the highest possible precision, to redefine the existing chronology for the Qazvin Plain
Reza Rezaloo, Mohammad Alizadeh Sola, Mehdi Kazempour Kazempour,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (1-2015)
Abstract
Chronology of northwestern Iran is principally based on archeological excavations of the area located around Urmia Lake. Although plain and filled with water, and the outcomes of these excavations are extended to the whole northwestern region. However, northwestern Iran despite having geographical diversities with mountainous plains and low stretches, systematic and comprehensive studies have been lacking until today. Khanghah cemetery in the province of Ardebil has been one of the important archeological enclosures in Iran from where graves of the Middle Bronze Age, Iron Age, and the Parthian period have been unearthed.
The excavated Iron Age graves in this cemetery are of pit grave with generally individual form of burial, but in some cases, double burials are also seen there. It seems that direction was not observed in the burials.
The form of potteries are comparable with ceramics found from places such as Marlik, Lamehzamini, Ghalekuti, Hasanlu V, Kordlore Tepe, Yanik Tepe, Sialk V, Qeytariyeh, Geoy tepe B, Dinkha III, Shahiryeri, Sagzabad, Lasulkan, Mariyan, Chir Chir, Ghabrestan, Khurvin, Haftavan V, Agh evlar, Chilakhaneh and Uzbeki.
Seyed Rasoul Mousavi Haji, Seyed Mehdi Mousavi, Shahin Aryamanesh,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
For a long time, humans have used plant motifs on objects such as pottery, goblet, and others, which sometimes have a symbolic appearance and were very important in the relics of a particular period. One of the most important motifs, that has a Mesopotamian origin, is the tree of life. The tree of life is a plant that is found in many mythical traditions of the Near East such as Mesopotamia, Anatolia and Egypt. The flower of life or the motif of geometric rosette is another valuable motif with six petals. In this paper, the authors first discuss the symbols and symbolism and then investigate the background of the tree of life and then discuss the motif of geometric rostte or flower of life, and later focus on the Golden, Silver and Bronze findings at the sites of Marlik, Amarlu in Gilan and Kelardasht in Mazandaran related to iron age of Iran and investigate the impact of this symbolic motif on archaeological findings in the surrounding sites that have probably transformed the motif of the tree of life into the flower of life. This motif emerged among the communities of northern Iran during a period almost identical to the Assyrian era at the bottom of the Golden and Silver and Bronze goblets and is a kind of symbol of the tree of life that then the artists replaced the sacred tree with six petal rosette.
