---

In this study, first using documentary research method, the nature of language in the web-based electronic communication, besides different methods of improving communicative and linguistics competence in teaching languages online, were investigated. Then considering the importance of language faculties' familiarity with the role of computer-based teaching in the development of linguistic competence and communicative skills necessary for translating or teaching all foreign languages (esp. Persian to non-natives), a descriptive survey method was used to investigate the familiarity of foreign language faculties with the strategies and technologies used in e-teaching-learning process applied in teaching languages online. The results of the 68 questionnaires filled in by English, French, German and Persian faculties of seven universities offering classical and virtual programs indicated that most of language faculties are not familiar with web-based strategies and techniques in teaching or learning foreign languages. Considering the need of our country for the experts who are able to communicate with the scientific scholarly networks in the world to obtain or transfer related knowledge and those who are able to use at least one international language of their fields thoroughly, planning an online faculty training program can be an essential measure to improve teaching or translating foreign languages at the academic level and also lead Persian language to find its proper position in the cultural, educational and scientific world networks.

---

    This study is aimed to design and examine a model for situational antecedents of IS/IT user satisfaction in administrative organizations. In this regard, questionnaires related to research variables were prepared and after ensuring the reliability and the content validity, were distributed among 379 employees as a sample. In order to test the hypotheses, first of all, measurement models were estimated and tested. Then, the data were fitted to structural equation. Results showed that all of situational factors, except IT Infrastructure of IS/IT, had positive meaningful effects on perceived ease of use in %99 confidence level. Moreover, perceived ease of use had a significant positive effect on user satisfaction. Among the situational factors examined, only task-technology fitted and technical support had a significant positive effect on perceived usefulness of information technology; however the significant effect of perceived usefulness on user satisfaction was not confirmed. Finally it was revealed that among mentioned situational factors, it is user involvement that has a direct positive effect on user satisfaction. Also, based on the result of the side-study, perceived usefulness of IT/IS has a moderating effect on the impact of IS/IT ease of use on user satisfaction.  

---

Innovation network is one considerable approach for innovation development in countries. This approach is applicable in high-tech development. Identifying noticeable aspects in innovation development can help planning and policy making for industries. Important factors of innovation network development in information technology sector obtained reviewing the literature. The research goal is to assess current situation of these factors and their indicators and compare them with each other. Therefore, after gaining experts opinion, a survey has been conducted in seven states of Iran about information technology corporations. The dimensions consist of corporation enablers, embeddedness, adjutant environment, self-organization, learning, interaction quality, innovation and network effectiveness. Obtained results of these dimensions have been analyzed. Based on the results, current situation of each dimension has been determined which can be used in poly-making processes.  Results highlighted that there is significant differences between the situations of these dimensions.    

---

Increasing complexity and turbulence of environment, are requiring quick response and proper reaction of organizations. These conditions have increased the need of organizations to think and act beyond just solving their current issues. In today's competitive and changing environment, being and acting smart are the best guarantee for any business to success. Present study seeks to answer the question of what the processes are and what factors are necessary for smart organization. This paper is based on descriptive- survey methods, and of purpose is fundamental - applicable research. The statistical population is consist of 3531 people from manufacturing firms in a company and 347 of them were chosen as a sample. Data was gathered using a questionnaire and Delphi technique was used. To analyze the data, partial least squares method used by Smart PLS software. Test results showed that all variables had a significant and positive impact on the smart organization, except group work, and the effect of all variable together is significant. Also found out that flexible communications has greatest impact on the smart organization.

---

The main goal of this paper is to determine the effect of Information technology on Intellectual capital and Knowledge management strategies. research type is of analytical survey. The statistical population was over 450 employees who work in Lorestan university. sample size was 208 employees which were obtained using random sampling - stratification. validity of questionnaire approved using content validity method and its reliability tested by Cronbach's alpha. For testing the hypothesis and conceptual model, structural equation approach using Amos 18 software were applied. result shows that the information technology has an effect on intellectual capital and knowledge management strategies and organizational agility. In addition, the organizational agility has a moderating effect on intellectual capital and knowledge management strategies in Lorestan University.  

---

---

The advent of new technologies is constantly evolving in today's societies, while information technology is the most effective of these activities. Since information technology can have a devastating impact on the environment, protecting the environment from these threats has added to the concerns of organizations, and as a result, the Green IT debate has become a topic of the day. Different models and methods have been used to explain the various dimensions of the maturity of green information. In this research, a dynamic model was developed to examine the relationship between components and determine the appropriate strategy to reduce energy consumption and thus increase the maturity level of green information technology in the organization. Since the banking industry is closely related to information technology, all Iranian banks have been investigated in this study. First, various components influencing the maturity of green information technology have been identified and their initial level and factors influencing their increase or decrease have been determined, then Causal loop and Stock and flow diagrams are illustrated to explain their relationships. In this regard, variables related to human factors and factors related to technology have been investigated. In the end, after testing and simulating a dynamic model, several scenarios have been proposed to improve the situation in the banking industry and to reach the highest level of maturity of green information technology. Keywords: Green Information Technology, Green Technology Maturity, System Dynamics, Banking Industry

---

The lean production is a philosophy and new view of product, which its birthplace is in Japan. This approach was prevailed in Europe and U.S.A. later on and highly welcomed there by many vehicle manufactures. In this method, it is tried to minimize the wastes and maximum productivity is obtained by all facilities, human resources and capital. The present article while introducing factors and particularities of lean production, tries to present a model which can compare the rate of compatibility of productive factories with criterions and specialties of lean production by using dimensional analysis (DA). According to researches done in this regard, the factors of lean production are divided into 9 major factors and 85 minor criterions. Then, integrity of effective factors is analyzed using statistical techniques of corelalion coefficient, multi-regression coefficient and analysis factor. One of the particularities and innovations in this article is the usage of lean production in factories for made to order. Because, most of the past researches have been a car manufacturing which has continues and based on product. The statistical society of this research is Sadid Industrial Group which has many large productive companies and is considered as one of the big productive companies in Iran. The obtained results state the importance of organization and leadership in lean production and information technology, management information system, human resources and supply chain management are considered respectively as other important factors in achieveing to lean production. Also the obtained result from factor analysis states that major factors of lean production are divided into two clusters. The first group includes information technology factors, leadership and organization, human resources, organization, purchasing and logistics, supply chain management, production process management and maintenance. And the second group includes total quality management, equipment and hardware management.

---

---

The increasing trend of manpower and financial investments have made information technology productivity more important than before. Researches show various results of information technology productivity. While some of the researches attribute the improvement and increase of productivity and profitability to the information technology, others consider the real profits of information technology disappointing and even pretend that information technology has not been able to increase productivity and create economic advantage. The present research covers the information technology productivity at the economy level (industry level) and has a different assessment of information technology productivity criteria through studying whole economic guidelines as well as industrial guidelines. The results of the field research and surveying the records and valid statistics made it clear that although there is not a meaning ful disparity between manpower and financial investments, there is a gap between existing information technology productivity and the prospective one. In this article, besides stating the study criteria and presenting hypotheses and research findings, the different criteria of assessing information technology productivity have been taken into consideration.

---

In the world today, information technology and information systems (IT/IS) are no longer as work tools or as production resources, but they are considered as new environment and work space. This new environment or work space has provided an area for great developments including a change in the method of organizing and presenting new organizational forms such as knowledge worker’s organization, network organization, virtual organization, and so on. Regarding the effects of IT/IS on organizational structures and its dimensions, many investigations have been carried out during the last 3 decades but the findings from these studies are contradictory. On the other hand, considering the changes in the vast variety of IT/IS and changes in the applications and capabilities of IT/IS, the generalization of the last research findings has decreased in this regard. Hence, while determining the last research results, the present article has attempted to design and determine a comprehensive model for integration of the literature, regarding this issue in the theoretical field according to the new cases of IT/IS such as different information systems, internet, intranet, extranet, video conference, e-mail and so on, and to identify two adjusting variables of effects on organization structure by IT/IS. For this purpose, in order to acquire more understanding of IT/IS effects on organization structure as well as to recognize the effect of two adjusting variables on the top management leadership style and its attitude towards IT/IS on organizational structure in spare parts building industries of Iran’s Automobile, three questionnaires have been used. These questionnaires were distributed as an existing status evaluation questionnaire of information technology and information systems (IT/IS) in companies, a questionnaire relating to organization structure of companies and a questionnaire for determination of top management leadership style in an organization among the successful companies of Iran’s automobile part-building industries. In each company, three people from the managerial levels (the managing director, administrative and human resources manager and IT manager) answered the questions. Data collected from the companies were analyzed by using the SPSS /11.5 software, and hypotheses based on research model were tested and, at the end, a comprehensive organizational design commensurate with information technology and information system (IT/IS) was presented.

---

The present era is named as information, digital or knowledge era, in which information technology, as a new strategy and thought, has affected all dimensions of human life Consequently, the organizations are among those concepts that have been affected by information technology. So that it is impossible to imagine the organizations without this strategy. In order to fullfil the requirements and expectations of the society in this field, the organizations have to use information technology if they are interested in surviving. Thus, developing information technology in governmental organizations of the developing countries has special significance. It is because, from one aspect, this skill is considered as a strategy to national development of the developing countries and, from the other aspect, it is very important in terms of governments role in national economiyc, GDP and information technology markets. There fore, knowing the effective factors on using information technology is a nessecity. In this way, knowing structural and managerial factors effecive on using information technology is of great importancece and can help the governmental organizations to use this strategy more quickly. The goal of the present research is to recognize these effective factors in governmental organizations. Accordingly, many factors such as the chief manager of information technology,s skill and support, suitable organizational structure in information technology and the sort of the activity of the organization on using information technology were studied.

---

---

Information Technology (IT) and organizational Excellence Models have significant impacted on most of Iranian organizations. Although each has been widely researched all over the world, however, there is little well-founded empirical research on the relationship between Information Technology (IT) and Total Quality Management (TQM) or Organizational Excellence Models (which are based on TQM). This paper presents an investigation of such relationships through a survey of the most successful industrial companies in Iran. These companies were selected among the applicants of National Productivity and Business Excellence Award in the years 2004 and 2005, All of these companies are using EFQM excellence model. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of IT on Organizational Excellence in Iranian companies. To develop a measurement construct, it is necessary to state the hypotheses to be tested, which in turn requires an underlying theoretical framework. A framework for testing the hypotheses was developed. Other influencing factors such as company size and production type were considered in this framework. The results indicated that the size of company is an influencing factor on applying IT and Excellence Models. However, most intensive users of IT perceive a bigger impact on Excellence Model criteria.

---

The main purpose of this study was to identify training needs of agricultural and natural resources faculty members in the use of information technology (IT) for educational and research activities. This study used a descriptive and correlational survey method and the population of the study included all faculty members at the Tehran and Tarbiat Modares Universities, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (N=267). According to Krejcie and Morgan (1970), the sample size for a population of this size was 158. A systematic sampling technique was used to select faculty members in the study. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the instrument was 0.82. Findings in respect to training needs of faculty members showed that “theories and models of online education” appeared at the top of the list of training needs and the lowest level of respondents` training need were in using Microsoft Word. The T-test result showed that there were significant differences (at the 0.01 level) in the training needs level of the faculty members who had received training during the last 5 years and those who had not . In the case of those who had access to computer and the Internet and those who did not have access, training needs differed at 0.05 level of significance. The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that age had a significant and positive correlation with the faculty members` training needs level of IT use in educational and research activities. In contrast, Internet use per week and willingness for online education had a significantly negative correlation with the faculty members` IT training needs. No significant relationship was revealed between teaching experiences of the respondents and their training needs level in the use of information technologies.

---

Managers in developed countries are increasingly interested in outsourcing as a potential source of competitiveness and value creation. One of the most useful outsourcing activities in service sector is information system/technology outsourcing. This paper is trying to determine the ISP managers’ perceived risks and benefits of IT/IS outsourcing and also the rate of awareness about potential of IT/IS outsourcing. Design/methodology/approach - In order to achieve those aims, we first review the previous literature on this topic and later analyze the results of a survey carried out from 30 ISPs managers in Tehran using the structured interview method. Findings: According to the ISPs under analysis, the main advantage of IT outsourcing is reducing/controlling the general cost while the main risk is the excessive dependence on the provider. Nevertheless, some characteristics of the ISPs (e.g. their size and outsourcing level) can determine to some extent what risks and benefits are more relevant. Originality /value: The conclusions explains that total IT/IS outsourcing can turn out to be a very dangerous strategy, mainly due to the dependence it creates. However, it can enable the ISP managers to reduce and/or control the general cost of building a new IT/IS service. The paper investigates the advantages, risks and some dimensions of IT/IS outsourcing decisions in ISPs of Tehran which can potentially develop the services in-house. Therefore, the “make-or-buy” decision for managers of ISPs requires even more attention to these aspects of IT/IS outsourcing (advantages, risks and decision criteria) than other service companies.

---

In recent decades, information technology, especially with all aspects of our life and professional career has been stirred. Because IT applications in different fields and the rapid growth of computers in organizations, to review the level of acceptance and rejection of information technology in organizations have special significance. Hand with the growth of research in various fields related to the IT acceptance and dealing with a scattering of information and information explosion, control over all aspects of this area is largely impossible. Therefore, the combination of research studies conducted in this matter to extract the systematic and scientific results for researchers is very important. In this study using meta-analysis methods with comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software, for examining a large number of theses, articles and researches done in connection with the adoption of information technology in Iran, 19 studies with 21 hypotheses and variables have been selected. The results of meta-analysis shows that employee empowerment, extent of use of technology, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of IT had the most influence on the acceptance of information technology in the Iranians organizations.

---

As cities get more developed, they get more involved with various features of the topography, geomorphology. Thus the importance and necessity of identifying natural contexts for distinguishing and recognizing appropriate places for creating buildings is achieved through inappropriate places. This study aimed at probing: the development of Javanrood city with regard to natural and geomorphologic causes in the last three periods, determining the appropriate places for future development of the studied area, its identification, and spread.in so doing, at the first step nine effective criteria in developing an locating cities were considered by combining two AHP and FUZZY LOGIC models. First the mentioned criteria were given proper weight. Then each of layers was become between zero to one fuzzy spectrum through fuzzy factors programming in GIS software medium. Eventually, the product, sum and fuzzy Gama factors were performed to them. After that, the resulting map of Gama factor of 0.7 was prepared in 5 classes. The results show that the city had grown the most on geomorphologic causes in first period of development. Also in alliance with future city development, the most appropriate places (with high proportion) are more located in northwestern part of the city and constitutes 1.34 percent of the wholearea, which shows the spatial dissipation of this area, the most part of the region has a very little proportion for city development.

---

Development and application of information technology in public organizations with the aim of renewal and reform, has taken an increasing speed all over the world. Thereby Iranian government officials have rushed to close the gap created between Iran and other developing countries in the field of information technology. It seems that due to mentioned hastiness, imitation and copying foreign models in terms of institutional and normative, have the greatest impact on Iranian electronic government rather than logical and technical factors. The purpose of this qualitative study is to present a model on factors affecting electronic government’s policies from the formation stage to evaluation, based on the foundations of Civil Service Management law, by content analysis. In this regard 11 open interviews with IT experts were performed. Data analysis was done using software MAXQDA and by open coding process, 19 abstract concepts in the form of 6 main categories were extracted.

---

Science and technology have had divergent trend in almost a few hundred years ago. However, half through the twentieth century the convergence of science and technology has begun with the advent of the interdisciplinary stream and then at the beginning of the twenty first century with the advent of the emerging science and technologies stream. Understanding this process is the policy requirements. This research attend to find evidences of divergence in priorities by study science and technology emerging trends and science and technology thematic priorities in the three countries: United States, Russia and China with futuristic approach. Research method is qualitative content analysis, statistics samples, and documents that have been published about the emerging trends in science and technology. The research achievements indicate thematic trends in science and technologies are moving towards convergence. The research results declare the convergence at first is created based on "Information Technology", and the next in sequence "Biotechnology and Health", "Energy", as well as "Nanotechnology".