Showing 76 results for Home
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2024)
Abstract
Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. is a medicinal plant used in various industries due to its high health benefits, antioxidant activity, attractive flavor and aroma. Commercial yield and phytochemicals can be enhanced by cultivation management like suitable plant density. This study investigates the impact of planting density (50×40, 25×40, 12.5×40 cm caused to 5, 10, and 20 plants m-2) on the morpho-physiological traits, yield, trichomes, and phytochemicals profiles of D. kotschyi, based on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the Saravarsu region, Guilan province, Iran (2021-2022). The findings reveal a notable fourfold increase in various traits in 20 plants m-2 (12.5×40 cm). The highest values for parameters such as plant height (34.66 cm), branch number (14), branch length (9.34 cm), leaf number (138.33), leaf area index (105 mm2), fresh weights of leaves, and stems, as well as total fresh weight (105.1, 98.5, and 203.6 g m-2 respectively), dry weights of leaves, stems, total dry yield (26.1, 24.675, and 50.775 g m-2 respectively), chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content (1.038, 0.653, 1.691, and 0.898 mg g-1 FW, respectively), secretory trichomes density (14 mm-2), essential oil content and yield (0.633% and 0.322 g m-2, respectively), PAL activity (10.221 nmol g-1 FW min-1), antioxidant activity (82.85%), total phenol (1.253 mg g-1 DW), and total flavonoid (2.781 mg g-1 DW) were observed in 20 plants m-2. In conclusion, a planting density of 20 plants m-2 (with spacing 12.5×40 cm) is recommended for achieving optimal commercial yield, and phytochemical production of D. kotschyi in the Saravarsu region.
Volume 1, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Applying social capital to refurbish urban streets has meant recognizing opportunities and challenges and shaping processes to its sequences over time. The purpose of the present study is to introduce a strategic framework for applying the potentials and values of social capital in environmental improvement and responsible maintenance and social control of street-related sequences. The main question is that how to transform the role of today's street as an element of neighborhood segregation into a linking element of discrete neighborhoods so as to become a showcase for cultural and social interactions. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical which is in three phases: explaining the relevant conceptual framework for entering the research context, applying it to the research context, analyzing and discussing the objective and subjective findings, Qualitative data analysis is done. The measurement tool is a semi-structured questionnaire, using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics performed by SPSS software were used to evaluate criteria and answer research questions. The research context is Imam Khomeini Street and the neighborhoods adjacent to this street. The sample size was 378 using Cochran formula. Indicators used in this study are invitations, neighborhood personality expression on the street edge, transparency and depth to the street edge, and a sense of belonging and responsible environmental behaviors. The results indicate that the items related to the design of the entrances and the continuation of recreational and tourism activities on the edge and the inner texture of the neighborhoods are of greater importance for identifying street sequences.
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract
The influence of leaf pubescence of three wheat cultivars (Pishtaz, Ghuds and Falat) on preference and biological parameters of Sipha maydis (Passerini) was investigated under greenhouse conditions (25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14: 10 h (L: D) photoperiod). The results showed that Pishtaz had a greater density of trichomes compared to the other cultivars. In the preference test with whole plant, the number of aphids on Pishtaz was significantly greater than that on other cultivars at 48 hrs after infestation. Similarly, in the preference test on leaves, the numbers of attracted aphids per leaf was highest on Pishtaz. In the life table study, there was no significant difference of intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) among the three studied cultivars but it was highest on Pishtaz (0.187 /day). Aphids’ net reproductive rate, doubling time, mean generation time and finite rate of increases did not show significant differences between the tested cultivars. According to our results, leaf surface pubescence of wheat is not an effective resistance mechanism against S. maydis.
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Aims: Nowadays, one of the most frequent problems that international students face is homesickness. The purpose of this study was investigation of homesickness and coping strategies among the University Technology Malaysia) UTM (international students and finding new research topics for future educational planning research. Methods: This descriptive study was done in August 2010 among the students studying in University Technology Malaysia (UTM). The respondents were international students from different courses in UTM. Fifty questionnaires were randomly distributed among the students at various faculties and residential colleges of the university. The questionnaire included 11 questions, which was developed by the researcher through literature review. Findings: Totally, 50 international students including 24 (48%) female and 26 (52%) male students took part in the study. There were different reported causes of homesickness by the respondents that were classified into four aspects: "social", "psychological", "physical" and "academic”. The findings showed the most important reason for homesickness has been cultural differences between the countries. Accordingly, 75% of the respondents (n=38) reported social customs as the first reason for international students' homesickness. Conclusion: The research results indicated that missing family was the most important factor that influenced international students to feel homesick. According to this study, the best and effective way to manage homesickness was to call family and friend(s).
Volume 2, Issue 3 (9-2013)
Abstract
One of the most important predator-prey interactions is functional response which its type and parameters are affected by different factors including host plant characteristics. In this research, the influence of leaf surface on functional response and prey consumption rate of third instar larvae of the Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776) (Diptera: Syrphidae) to third instar nymphs of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were studied on sweet pepper and cucumber leaves. The results demonstrated that leaf surface of host plants; different prey densities and their interaction had significant effects on the numbers of prey killed by a predator. Logistic regression indicated type Ш functional response on both host plant leaves. The values of b constant were 0.00231 and 0.00351h-1 while handling time (Th) estimates were 0.14 h and 0.095 h on cucumber and sweet pepper leaves respectively. Moreover, plant leaves and different prey densities had significant effect on the prey consumption rate and voracity of predator. The maximum voracity values reached were 180.73 ± 7.71 and 282.25 ± 11.71 nymphs on cucumber and sweet pepper leaves respectively. These results emphasize on the importance of physical traits of host plant surface on the performance and searching efficiency of natural enemies that should be considered for optimizing their application in aphid biological control.
Volume 2, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
Aim: Physical inactivity, as the leading risk factor for death, is more common among women than men. Despite the effective role of extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with planning to promote exercise behavior, there is no Iranian standard scale in this regard. This research evaluated psychometric characteristics of the expanded TPB-based questionnaire regarding to the physical activity of military staff’s spouses in Tehran. Methods: Content, face, construct validity and reliability (internal consistency and stability) of this scale was assessed. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 women, who were living in organizational houses, in Tehran, Iran in 2014, in order to do exploratory factor analysis (EFA).The participants were chosen with multi-stage cluster random sampling. EFA was performed applying the principal component analysis and Varimax rotation. Data were analyzed using SPSS. v16. Findings: Content validity index, content validity ratio and impact score of the extended TPB scale were 0.8-0.97, 0.78-0.98 and 4.5-4.8, respectively. An eight-factor structure was extracted as a result of the EFA and accounted for 76.33% of the variance. The calculated KMO was 0.72 and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (P<0.001). Eight constructs consisted of behavior, affective attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, coping planning, instrumental attitude, intention and action planning. Cronbach’s alpha value (0.83-0.97) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (0.63-0.91) demonstrated satisfying reliability for the subscales. Conclusion: Validity and reliability of the first developed TPB-directed scale with planning about women's exercise perceptions and behavior in Iran was appraised and approved in this study. This instrument can be utilized by other health researchers.
Volume 2, Issue 3 (9-2016)
Abstract
In this study, 13 different biotypes of Praon exsoletum were investigated based on selected morphological characteristics. This species is specialized parasitoid of Therioaphistrifolii on alfalfa and clover. Traditional morphometric analysis was used to obtain three meristic and 15 continuous characters. The analysis of variance showed that P. exsoletumbiotypes differ in many morphometric traits. Moreover, all biotypes displayed their maximum differences in six morphological characters as follows:(1) number of antennal segments;(2) inter-tentorial/tentorio-ocular distance;(3) length/width of ovipositor sheath;(4) length/width of second flagellar segment; (5)length/width of third flagellar segment and (6) number of longitudinal placodes on second flagellar segment. The discriminant function analysis indicated45.23% of correct assignment of specimens to the a priori designated groups of specimens. The results indicated an overlapping of analyzed biotypes according to selected morphological characters. On the other hand, geometric morphometrics analysis applied on forewings, the size and the shape revealed statistically significant differences. Eleven homologous landmarks were selected. The ANOVA (p < 0.000) and MANOVA (P= 0.000) showed that there were significant differences in size and shape of forewings. Visualization of the distribution of individuals was presented using Principal component analysis and Canonical variate analysis. On whole, the result of this investigation showed that R1 and the radial veins (end of Rs and M) tend to be short. Furthermore, the USAbiotype introduced is positioned near all other analyzed biotypes of P. exsoletum. Among the selected morphological characters, four characters namely (1) length of wing/length of R1; (2) length of wing/length of stigma; (3) length of first/third flagellar segment and (4) width of first/third flagellar segment were first considered for morphometric study in Praon and P. exsoletum species. Our results showed lack of subspecies for P. exsoletum.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to design a tool and to assess its validity and reliability based on native culture characterization to evaluate the health belief model (HBF) constructs about prenatal care.
Methods: 215 pregnant women covered by the health centers of Iranshahr in the age group of 18-35 years and the least ability of reading and writing participated in this cross-sectional study. After reviewing the literature, the tool was designed, and its validity and reliability were approved based on psychometric data of the target group and the view of a panel of experts through calculating the content validity ratio, content validity index, exploratory factor analysis, and internal consistency.
Findings: The validity of 42 items was assessed through calculating the index score of the item effect above 1.5, content validity ratio more than 0.80, and content validity index higher than 0.79. By using exploratory factor analysis with a special value greater than 1, six factors and 35 items remained that were classified into six categories based on the literature review and content items, which were able to predict 77.095 % of the total variance of the tool. The reliability of the research tool was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha equal to 0.816.
Conclusion: The results of this study provide proper evidence about the strength of structural factors and the reliability of the assessment tool for the structures of HBM about prenatal care. It can be considered by the researchers in developing a tool for research, education and action.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract
Aims: Despite the high incidence of wrong ways to wear a backpack in students, the relevant musculoskeletal complications, and the effective role of health education in modification of this behavior, there is no standard questionnaire in this regard in Iran. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric evaluation of a questionnaire on backpack carrying among female high school students.
Instruments & Methods: The questionnaire on how female high school students carry their backpack in Babolsar, Mazandaran province included 31 items for knowledge (12 items), attitude (10 items), and behavior (9 items) derived from evidenced literature. This questionnaire was evaluated in terms of content and face validity and reliability through internal consistency and stability in 2018. The qualitative and quantitative content validity was evaluated by the panel of experts through Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Qualitative and quantitative face validity was assessed by the students’ views and measuring impact score, respectively. Internal consistency and stability were measured by Cronbach’s alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.
Findings: The results of CVI (0.9-1), CVR (0.8-1), and impact score (2.5-3) were acceptable for the whole scale. Qualitative content and face validity was favorable. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were appropriate for the whole scale (0.77) and of knowledge (0.68), attitude (0.8), and behavior (0.77). The interclass correlation coefficient for the whole questionnaire (0.68) and the domains of knowledge (0.61), attitude (0.71), and behavior (0.72) indicated that the questionnaire was acceptable.
Conclusion: The study showed the validity and reliability of the health questionnaire on carrying backpack among female high school students. However, more researches should be done to verify this questionnaire for measuring knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding backpack carrying.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Aim: The present study was conducted to validate the international version of the resilience scale (CYRM-28) among adolescent youth students.
Methods: The first original scale was translated into Persian language by two experts. Then an integrated version of the two was translated to the language of the original version again; then it was ensured that the content of the Persian and English versions' was matched. The Persian version scale was filled in by 412 high school students (270 males and 142 females) in Tehran, who were selected as a random cluster. Regarding the clear scale structure to assess the validity, construct validity was used (confirmatory factor analysis) using the LISREL software version 8.8. In addition, scale reliability was examined using the two methods of internal correlation coefficient and test-retest.
Findings: Fit Index confirmed the resilience scales' fit ness in confirmatory factor analysis. In examining the reliability using the internal correlation calculation method (Cranach’s alpha), the value of each sub-scale item, as well as that of total questions was higher than the standard value of 0.7 to confirm the tool's reliability. In examining the reliability using test-retest method, correlation coefficient of each sub-scale in two steps was at an acceptable level and significant.
Conclusion: The present study confirmed the three-factor structure of CYRM-28 scale, including the individual sub-scale's relationship with the primary caregiver and contextual factors in the Persian version of the scale. This study showed that the reliability and validity of the Persian version of CYRM-28 was suitable for measuring the resilience of Iranian children and youth.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Aim: The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of Gottman's theory-based training on the reduction of couples' marital conflict and marital instability.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with the pretest-posttest control-group design, and the population of this study was comprised of all the married couples in Shiraz, Iran in 2015-16. They were selected by the convenience sampling method, and after the interview, and were randomly assigned into two (28) groups. To collect the data, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency and frequency percentage, as well as inferential statistics including analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and (ANCOVA) were used to test the hypotheses. Subsequently, the experimental group was given the considered training during 7 sessions, and the questionnaires were, finally, completed again by both groups.
Findings: Based on the findings of this study, Gottman's theory-based training has had a significant effect (α=0.05) on the reduction of marital conflict and marital instability of married couples.
Conclusion: It was concluded that Gottman's theory-based intervention is able to reduce the level of marital conflict and its components and marital instability significantly in the experimental group.
Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2015)
Abstract
Spotted Amber Ladybird, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important predator of aphids and some other insect pests. Since shape and size variation may affect biological characteristics of an insect, multivariate analysis of shape variations in four geographically isolated populations of H. variegata (Isfahan, Shahrekord, Shiraz, Yasuj) was performed based on eight landmarks of hind wing. According to the analysis, significant difference in weight matrices (as shape variable) was detected. The cluster analysis separated Isfahan population from other populations. According to ANOVA, we found significant difference in centroid size (as size variable), so that the two populations, Isfahan and Shahrekord, had larger wings than the two other populations. Distribution of 80 individuals based on partial warps on the relative warp axis placed Isfahan population in a separate group while the others had overlap and irregular distribution.
Volume 4, Issue 2 (12-2016)
Abstract
As an epic Shahnameh in Iran, along Iliad and the Odyssey are the world''s most famous epic works. Today, in the modern world, especially after the birth of comparative literature and comparative approach to the works of world literature as it is faced with acceptance. Anand critical discourse analysis of the literary text like other texts, in the service of communication. Therefore, they can also be analyzed with a critical attitude and approach. Tuesday Asrmvrd review, centered around personalities, Hector, Odysseus and Rustam planned. This epic heroes in bed, sometimes for homeland himself in the role of king with heroic.place. Ferdowsi''s epic Homer and the composition of dominant discourses, in the form of pre-existing genre, have now opened a new epic. Thus, the three epic, as a communication event, only a reflection of the thoughts of the The poet thought, but rather, criticized the cowardly actions look heroic and popular discourse reproduces special.
.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
Aims: Home businesses have a historical background. With the advent of the virtual space, many people have started to create a business in their home environment for various reasons. This change has had many visible and invisible effects not only in the home and family, but also in the city. The upcoming research is focused on determining the ranking of the components and social dimensions of sustainable development under the influence of home businesses in order to determine their priority.
Methods: Descriptive-analytical research method with quantitative method and qualitative results and the results are based on the opinions of 35 experts based on the results of a specialized questionnaire. In conclusion, the 25 components and 9 indicators of the social subcategory of sustainable urban development based on the 2030 sustainable development document, using a structured questionnaire and its analysis with EXCEL and SPSS software, tries to make changes related to division and prioritization.
findings: The components “Social Empowerment, literacy , Quality Education , Social Responsibilities , Manpower Development, Social Confidence, Amount of Crimes, Neighborhood Development, Social Streaming” and the indicators “Education, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Social Security , Social Capital” are heavily influenced by home businesses .
Conclusion: The main results showed that home businesses, both online and offline, directly and indirectly have a significant impact on the social dimension of sustainable urban social development, And it is suggested to planning for sustainability goals of countries.
Volume 4, Issue 15 (6-2007)
Abstract
niko Bakht.N,PH.D.
Zareh.GH.A.
Abstract:
Concurrence with extensive developments in all social, political areas of Iran in the constitution era, Persian literature has not been immune from these developments and based on the new era requisites, developments have occurred both in appearance and meaning. In the aspect of meaning and contemplation, poem in constitution era, is the
scene of different attitudes and tendencies with past periods including reported conception of endoplasm home which in indication of development in the home conception and evolution in its justifications. The tendency toward ancient Iran with different attitudes and inclinations is in these period, including mental metamorphose of poet in this era, who so many patriotic poets have inclination toward it.
Ancient inclination has different foundations and meanings. Inclination toward ancient periods or past language and escape from its customs, and is among most important meaning. Those who have inclination toward ancient period with common principal in their inclination for ancient Iran, are different in motives.
It seems, the most prominent motives for considering Iran Ancient are: revival of national identity, exaggerated optimism to ward ancient Iran, healing inferiority complex against foreigner and fight against Islam, criticism from present circumstances, motivation of national proud and invincibility.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background: The concept of allometry states that the relative rate of change of a system unit is a constant fraction of the relative rate of change of the entire system, or of another part of the system.This concept is stated as a nonlinear relationship and has been verified in a variety of natural systems.
Materials and Methods:The allometric relations in various phases of basin evolution in forms of static and dynamic models wasinvestigated.In order to study the dynamic allometry, a model consistingof two basins was developed.The evolution stages and the erosion changes caused by artificial rainfall and tectonic movements and also in static form (natural basins) were monitored.
Results: The existence of allometricrelations in drainage basins that are progressing toward the equilibrium (natural basins and basins affected by erosion) are significant and verifiable.This kind of relations do not exist in tectonic affected basins that were moving away from the equilibrium.
Conclusions:Allometric relations in drainage basins can define different states of system such as equilibrium. Moreover, any factor that causes the basin to move away from equilibrium needs to have an initial effect on basin relations to cause disorder in the system,and this change,in many cases,can be formulated or demonstrated by allometric model. Therefore the allometric equations could be considered an important tool in predicting the evolution of drainage basins and assessing their performance in the past and present.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2017)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the validity and reliability of a native questionnaire (Perception of Sexually Transmitted Infections Questionnaire) among homeless women as a hidden layer in the Iranian society for sexually transmitted infections.
Methods: Qualitative and quantitative content and face validities were applied. In the qualitative phase of content validity, the homeless women evaluated wording, grammar, item allocation, and scaling of the questionnaire. In the quantitative phase, the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated. In the qualitative phase of face validity, 40 homeless women were asked to evaluate the questionnaire and indicate if they felt difficulty or ambiguity in the questionnaire. In the quantitative phase, the impact score was calculated. The Kuder-Richardson correlation and test-retest reliability were calculated to assess the internal consistency and stability of the questionnaire.
Findings: The ICC for the questionnaire was achieved at 0.86 (good to excellent), lending support to the stability of the questionnaire. The Kuder-Richardson correlation of the questionnaire was 0.85 (good to excellent). Impact scores of the items ranged from 1.2 to 5. In the quantitative content validity, items with CVR and CVI less than 0.59 and 0.79, respectively, were omitted; overall, 10 items were deleted in this part of the validity.
Conclusion: This study suggests that PSTIQ is a valid and reliable. It could be used to design appropriate interventions to prevent (STIs) in high risk groups, especially homeless women.
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2001)
Abstract
Ali Hossein Najafi Abrand Abadi
Associate Professor, Shahid Beheshti University
Mohammad Jafar Habibzadeh
Associate Professor, Department of Law, Tarbiat Modares University
Abulfat'h Khaleghi
Ph.D. Student of Criminal Law, Tarbiat Modares University
The imprisonment (custodial sentences) is the most common and expensive sanction in the criminal law, which has enjoyed hardly any success on the treatment of the offenders due to the complexity of the prison administration. Reform in the prison administration and search for an appropriate alternatives for it, have long attracted the attention of the penologists, it has recently intensified with the appearance of community punishment theory. This theory was designed with the aim of sentencing without unnecessary intervention in the social and emotional relationships of offenders together with protection of public security and welfare. Home detention as a sample of community punishment has reduced incarceration rates and restricted nonviolent criminals and is more compatible with the humanitarian principles.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract
Twelve species of the genus Aphelenchoides were collected and identified based on morphological and morphometric characters from different regions in North, South and Western Iran. Among collected species i. e. A. centralis, A. cibolensis, A. cyrtus, A. hamatus, A. helicus, A. huntensis, A. limberi, A. obtusicaudatus, A. sprophilus, A. sacchari, A. spicomucronatus and A.tuzeti, three species namely A. cibolensis, A. hamatus and A. saprophilus are new records from Iran. Description, measurements, line drawings and microscopic photographs for Iranian population of these species are provided. Aphelenchoides helicus that was previously reportedwithout description, is described and illustrated as well.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract
Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is a predatory mite that can control spider mites. The effect of seven strawberry cultivars (including: ‘Marak’, ‘Yalova’, ‘Aliso’, ‘Gaviota’, ‘Sequoia’, ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’) on the growth and development of N. californicus was studied in the laboratory conditions (27 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16L: 8D photoperiod). There was significant difference in the number of trichomes on the leaves of strawberry cultivars. Life table parameters were analyzed based on age˗ stage, two˗sex life table. Egg incubation and protonymphal duration were significantly different when the predator was reared on different cultivars. There was no significant difference of total longevity among different cultivars. The longest preoviposition period was observed on ‘Aliso’ (1.70 days). The fecundity rate on ‘Gaviota’ and ‘Sequioa’ (6.90 and 8.91 eggs, respectively) was lower than other cultivars tested. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (0.20 day-1) and fecundity rates (13.29 eggs) were on ‘Chandler’, which might be due to the higher nutritional quality of Tetranychus urticae Koch reared on it or its low density of trichomes. Among the seven strawberry cultivars ‘Sequoia’, ‘Gaviota’ and ‘Yalova’ were recognized unsuitable for development and reproduction of N. californicus.
