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Showing 52 results for Grounded Theory
Volume 2, Issue 6 (9-2021)
Abstract
This study aimed to provide a model for improving the quality of women's and girls' leisure time in the family with an approach based on physical activity in Isfahan province. This research was carried out using a qualitative method with a systematic approach of grounded theory. The theoretical population consisted of knowledgeable and experienced women's sports and leisure professors who also used the snowball method for sampling. The data collection tool and method were semi-structured individual interviews, and the interviews continued until the theoretical saturation of 15 interviews. For data analysis, a systematic approach includes three main steps: open coding, axial coding and selective coding. In the axial coding stage, the connection between the following categories of causal conditions (support of important others, organizing, applicability of activities, institutionalization of activities); context factors (environmental attractions, environmental conditions, sports attractions(; interfering factors (evolutionary changes, cultural and social barriers, gender hegemony, macro trends, structural barriers); strategies (education and culture building, measures to support women's recreational sports, promotion and development of physical activities, respect for the dignity of women and girls, justice in the implementation of activities, media support) and consequences of qualifying women's leisure time (reducing behavioral disorders, individual empowerment, collective empowerment, increasing participation) in terms of coding paradigm in Sports manufacturing corporations was determined; also in selective coding phases, each component of coding paradigm described. The province's sports managers can use the signs, concepts and categories identified in their plans to improve the leisure time of women and girls in the family with an approach based on physical activity and use the proposed appropriate strategies to compensate for the backwardness and development of women's sports.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2013)
Abstract
Studying language, text and discourse in micro, native and local domains is one of the emphasized streams of research in the newest paradigm of strategy research, namely, “strategy as practice”. This critical study seeks to derive the “what” and “why” of the pattern of Iranian sport mangers decisions from the text of Iranian sport management using qualitative research and drawing on social constructivism philosophy. Accordingly, this study uses grounded analysis and induction-based coding approach through Atlas.ti – specific explorative analysis software. The conclusions are emerged from 12 semi-structured field interviews and 19 secondary documents. The samples result from a combination of purposeful, snowball, convenience, and theoretical sampling methods. Finally, it is discovered that the causal conditions of “economic uncertainty, managerial uncertainty, uncertainty of orientations ambiguity and uncertainty of politicized management” along with the intervening conditions of “past success, background, anxiety-relieving, power structure, and media role” shape the phenomenon of “certainty-demanding discourse” in the context of “stakeholders myopia and lack of independence”. These factors altogether construct the “legitimating strategy” and decisional consequences of tendency to “science, coalition, ethic, promotion, and adaptation”.
Volume 3, Issue 11 (12-2022)
Abstract
The research aimed to identify the marketing development strategies of women's sports in Iran. This qualitative research was conducted using the grounded theory method and the Strauss and Corbin technique. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The sampling method was purposeful and used the snowball technique until theoretical saturation was reached (21 interviews). The statistical population was university professors, coaches, senior managers, sports marketing managers and active people in sports management and sports economics, especially women's sports. They were used to analyze the data from three stages of open, central and selective coding. Finally, strategies were identified with 88 open codes in 13 categories. The interviewees and expert professors confirmed the validity of the research tool, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, with the reliability value being 89%. Up-to-date and effective advertising, products and services, standardization and increase of sports facilities, appropriate pricing, expert human resources, financial support and adequate budget allocation, planning, branding, creation and Amending laws, facilities, tourism and events, supporting financial sponsors, cultural and educational measures were marketing development strategies for women's sports in Iran. The development of marketing Iranian women's sports as an attractive and income-generating activity will boost the economic cycle, can play an effective role both at the domestic and international levels, and will cause economic growth. It is necessary to use appropriate strategies to develop women's sports marketing.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (12-2014)
Abstract
In developing countries, innovation is less than expectation, so these countries require to consider a different development paradigm such as learning economy that focus on active learning and the “doing, using and interacting” innovation approach for introducing the required context for creating and diffusing informal interaction that may result to technical knowledge acquisition. In this paper, the effective factors on Iran’s transition to learning economy have been identified. Research approach is inductive and qualitative and themes and components have been identifies based on grounded theory. By considering the importance and role of organization in relation with determined themes and components, organizational implications for Iran’s transition to learning economy include learning organization, organizational unlearning, policy learning and organizational capacity, and absorptive capacity and organizational capability have been investigated.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to develope a model for identification of organizational skepticism and its concepts. Grounded theory method applied for this research. Available non probable sampling method has been used and structural interviews have been performed with employees of private companies. Sampling continued until saturation point in answers has been reached (24 interviews). After using this method, including open and axial and selecting coding, causes and consequences of organizational skepticism have been identified. causes have been investigated in two fields. First, organizational management (management style and personal characteristics of manager and human resource management process and activities and Performance evaluation system) and Second, Organization related fields (organizational cynicism, organizational justice and organizational climate). Consequences of organizational skepticism also have been investigated in two fields of individual and organizational. Short-term effects of individual variables such as organizational indifference, motivational, lack of willingness to participate, job stress and burnout and long-term effects of individual variables such as low productivity of individual, corporate sabotage, poor quality of external engagement, life satisfaction and organizational frustration were classified. These consequences have also led to a long-term impact on organizational outcomes such as low productivity of the organization.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Aim: Concerning the high prevalence of chronic pain and the remarkable role of psychological empowerment in chronic pain management, identifying factors influencing psychological empowerment in chronic pain management is of high importance. Hence, the current study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators of using psychological empowerment in chronic pain management from health care providers and patients’ viewpoints.
Method and Materials: The grounded theory approach was applied using semi-structured interviews and observation of participants as the main methods for data collection. Fifteen members of the health care providers had a greater relationship with the psychotic dimensions of chronic pain management and 6 patients with chronic pain participated with purposive and theoretical sampling methods in Ahvaz city. Sampling was continued until data saturation and data analysis were performed concurrently with data gathering based on Corbin and Strauss’s proposed method. Data validity was confirmed via Lincoln and Guba’s approach.
Findings: Two themes of “emotional dysregulation” and “negative attitude towards pain”, were identified as barriers to psychological empowerment. Emotional dysregulation consisted of two subsets of the emotional synergy of pain and the inefficiency of symptomatic therapies. Negative
attitudes toward pain also consisted of subsets of false assumptions about pain and lack of self- efficacy. Two themes of “pain acceptance” and “finding the meaning of pain” were also identified as facilitators of psychological empowerment. In this regard, the content of pain acceptance consisted of subcategories of increasing awareness, reality acceptance, and a positive attitude toward pain. Two subcategories of values and pain love also created pain meaning themes.
Conclusion: To evaluate and properly manage chronic pain, consideration of the psychological dimensions of the pain, including barriers and facilitators of the psychological empowerment process, can be beneficial in designing a comprehensive care program to improve chronic management
Method and Materials: The grounded theory approach was applied using semi-structured interviews and observation of participants as the main methods for data collection. Fifteen members of the health care providers had a greater relationship with the psychotic dimensions of chronic pain management and 6 patients with chronic pain participated with purposive and theoretical sampling methods in Ahvaz city. Sampling was continued until data saturation and data analysis were performed concurrently with data gathering based on Corbin and Strauss’s proposed method. Data validity was confirmed via Lincoln and Guba’s approach.
Findings: Two themes of “emotional dysregulation” and “negative attitude towards pain”, were identified as barriers to psychological empowerment. Emotional dysregulation consisted of two subsets of the emotional synergy of pain and the inefficiency of symptomatic therapies. Negative
attitudes toward pain also consisted of subsets of false assumptions about pain and lack of self- efficacy. Two themes of “pain acceptance” and “finding the meaning of pain” were also identified as facilitators of psychological empowerment. In this regard, the content of pain acceptance consisted of subcategories of increasing awareness, reality acceptance, and a positive attitude toward pain. Two subcategories of values and pain love also created pain meaning themes.
Conclusion: To evaluate and properly manage chronic pain, consideration of the psychological dimensions of the pain, including barriers and facilitators of the psychological empowerment process, can be beneficial in designing a comprehensive care program to improve chronic management
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Marketing resource allocation is one of organizations' strategic decisions which influences their profitability both directly and indirectly. Dynamic nature of marketing resource allocation and volatile environment of organizations, in addition to advent of new media contribute to ineffectiveness of old methods of marketing resource allocation. This research adopts social constructivism philosophy and taking advantage of abductive strategy and qualitative methods of research, studies "what" and "why" of dominant model of marketing resource allocation decisions in Iranian organizations and factors affecting the decisions. Research method was grounded theory and sample consisted of 14 top and marketing managers, consultants and experts of organizations in food and beverage industries. Sampling method was a combination of purposive and judgment methods. According to the research findings, product or brand influences marketing resource allocation decisions and characteristics of the firm and conditions of market and industry shape the organization's strategies which finally result in change in market share, brand awareness, coverage and organizational learning of the organization.
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Talent management is defined as a system for identifying, hiring, training, promoting and retaining talented people in order to optimize organizational capacity to achieve business outcomes. This study tends to achieve a theory in the field of talent management for better understanding of this phenomenon. Research has been performed in the aviation industry of Islamic Republic of Iran in a combinatorial mode. Theoretical sampling in quality study performed using snowball method while random sampling opted for quantitative study. Community of 13 and 212 personnel have been participated in quality and quantity study respectively. The validity and reliability of research tools were desirable. Measures to keep talented employees have been achieved using data-driven approach. The results showed that the quality of talent-driven architecture plays the key role in the paradigmatic model. The conceptual model using questionnaires data in the quality phase and statistical techniques, descriptive, analytical, PLS and structural equation modeling were analyzed. Finally, the research results presented with regard to the interpretation of the combined methods
Volume 8, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Studies in the field of learning and organization have changed through formation of the concept of a learning organization. As a result various models have been developed and customized for project based organizations. Still, they have not yet been customized for Project Based Organizations, as a very important category of organizations with growing importance. The special requirements of project based organizations in learning demands the development of a special model for project based learning organizations (PBLOs). This is routed in the temporary nature of projects. This study aims to develop a paradigmatic model for PBLOs based on case studies in two project based organizations of oil and gas industries. The strategy of the study is structured grounded theory and the data are acquired from interviewing 20 participants in the field of project and knowledge management. As a result of the interviews and by analysis and coding of 715 obtained phrases, 25 basic concepts were identified which have been placed in the paradigmatic model. Since a qualitative approach towards organizational learning has been very limited up till now, and in addition no studies have yet addressed PBLOs in particular, this work could be treated as a pioneering study in the field.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (10-2019)
Abstract
Psychological safety is a critical base for individual, organizational and national performance, since managers who feel psychologically unsafe, do not have essential motives for productivity and excellence. It is reality of organizations that there are stage of jealousy, spitefulness, enmity, power games of peoples and groups. In these situations, it is important to bring about psychological safety for people in organization. Psychological safety means to feel safety in mind, emotion and behavior from side of other peoples and present personal opinions and do the jobs, without any anxiety and fear in organization. Many studies emphasis on effects of individual psychological safety based on personal, organizational and national variables, but there is not a quantitative and experimental research on formation of psychological safety in managers, especially among Iranian governmental industries. This research has taken Glaser's approach in GT to theorize process of forming psychological safety in Iranian governmental industries. Results of this research show that organizational factors, superior's leadership style, relationships between peers and subordinates and their competencies, eco-social climate of society, organizational atmosphere and psychological capital of everyone affect individual psychological safety. It can enforces job engagement, job satisfaction in managers and reduces stress and anxiety and willingness to expatriation in them.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (10-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was exploring the process of Anti-elitism in a public organization based on interpretive mapping design of grounded theory. In this regard, 32 employees of mentioned organization selected as interviewees using theory sampling. In order to data analysis and theory mapping Maxqda and Decision Explorer were used. Based on research findings the preface of anti-elitisn in organization of interest were three factors: good performance of elites, the assumption of homogeneity in organizational culture, and weakness of organization top managers’ monitoring system. Anti-elitists were two categories of jealousy against elites. First, organization toxic leader who was fallowed shadow-stagnant management style and antagonistic approach against elites in the shadow of weakness in monitoring management performance from legal authorities. Second, toxic employees as colluders and shield of leader in line of their mutual interests. Backing of their good performance and popularity, elites resisted to changes as reformist protestors against dysfunctional climate of organization. So, the anti-elitists’ antagonistic approach invigorated and they tended to silent treatments against elites. Finally, due to the immoral climate of organization and elites’ lack of support, anti-elitists turned to privative actions against elites.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Abstract
The aim of this qualitative study was to apply the grounded theory methodology to a comparative investigation of the challenges and problems of teaching and learning English and Arabic in Iranian high schools. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with five English teachers and seven Arabic teachers who were theoretically sampled from different high schools in Sabzevar, Iran. Using MAXQDA software, the data were analyzed based on the three levels of open, axial, and selective coding in grounded theory (Corbin & Strauss, 1990). Two models of challenges of teaching and learning of English and Arabic was posited with the problems of teaching and learning of English and Arabic as the core category and teacher, student, and educational facilities as sub-categories. The findings of this study shows that in spite of some differences between these two languages in terms of problems of their teaching and learning, there are some similarities between them. Also, some pedagogical implications for teachers, students, and curriculum developers were discussed in this study.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (12-2019)
Abstract
Understanding customer experience for organizations is crucial for being distinguished in a competitive market. The purpose of this paper is to provide a roadmap for helping organizations to design and improve their customer experience. The research method was chosen to achieve the objective of research is multiple case study, which is suitable for searching and discovering a relatively new topic. To conduct this exploratory research, four organizations were selected and a variety qualitative data was gathered based on participants' observations, discussions, internal reports and secondary information. Data analysis was done using an accurate analytical process for designing and improving customer experience and examining the possible gaps between the experiments based on the Smith & Carlson 8-step method. The findings suggest that, despite the differences between the four organizations studied, it seems that a similar approach has been taken to improve customer experience. By developing existing models, this paper presents a ten-step roadmap for improving customer experience. The main limitation is the generalization of findings from the deep and longitudinal study of four organizations and a set of sections. Identifying the key areas for future research in organizations and the importance of changing mentality in designing customer experience improvement programs and identifying the direct ways in which customers participate in designing and improving the process is the findings of the research.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
Aims: Numerous environmental problems indicate the need to change the current practice in construction waste. However, the high potential of recycling-based solutions can increase the efficiency of energy consumption and reduce waste production rates and provide an effective step towards sustainable development from a macro perspective. Unfortunately, recycling in today's architecture is neglected. The purpose of the present study is to identify the roots and investigate its theoretical origins among Iranians and in Iranian-Islamic thought.
Participants & Methods: This study is a qualitative study conducted based on the grounded theory approach. The method of data collection is field study and the tool is the interview.
Findings: The continuity of recycling and its successful records in Iranian architecture show the strong roots of this issue in the Iranian-Islamic beliefs. Religious thoughts on the one hand, and cultural values and norms, on the other hand, represent recycling as a viable and principled strategy in Iranian architectural legacy. In this study, researchers investigated reverence and sanctity of nature, along with the social responsibility for the Muslim individual as the origins of recycling from the religious aspect of beliefs and deep connection with nature, and minimalism in life-style as cultural fundamental factors for utilizing recycling strategies in architecture.
Conclusion: It seems that the way to revive recycling in the modern architecture of Iran cannot be reached unless recognizing the roots and identifying the value of recycling through its history in Iranian architecture. It is hoped that studies of this kind will help to implement recycling in Iran's future architecture.
Participants & Methods: This study is a qualitative study conducted based on the grounded theory approach. The method of data collection is field study and the tool is the interview.
Findings: The continuity of recycling and its successful records in Iranian architecture show the strong roots of this issue in the Iranian-Islamic beliefs. Religious thoughts on the one hand, and cultural values and norms, on the other hand, represent recycling as a viable and principled strategy in Iranian architectural legacy. In this study, researchers investigated reverence and sanctity of nature, along with the social responsibility for the Muslim individual as the origins of recycling from the religious aspect of beliefs and deep connection with nature, and minimalism in life-style as cultural fundamental factors for utilizing recycling strategies in architecture.
Conclusion: It seems that the way to revive recycling in the modern architecture of Iran cannot be reached unless recognizing the roots and identifying the value of recycling through its history in Iranian architecture. It is hoped that studies of this kind will help to implement recycling in Iran's future architecture.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (2-2020)
Abstract
One of the pillars of Iran administrative system reform roadmap and macro-administrative policies is development of e-government and administrative intelligence to facilitate service delivery to the public. So, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive model for introducing Smart Organization. It is conducted by qualitative approach framework using grounded theory method. To this end, 17 faculty members and experts in field of organization and management were selected using theoretical sampling method and in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were analysed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Thus 230 initial codes, 72 concepts and 17 categories were extracted. Then, the Delphi method was used to validate the model and 31 people were selected by snowball sampling based on their academic, research or executive in organization and management. A questionnaire based on model components was provided to them. The consensus index increased in the three rounds, so that the Kendall coefficient in the third round was higher than 0.7, indicating a strong consensus among the experts on the model components. Data analysis showed that inside and outside of the organization factors are causal factors; information technology, intelligent management, knowledge management, human capital, equipment and infrastructure, organizational structure and learning organization are contextual factors; developmental culture, trust, commitment, and organizational justice are interfering factors; Information technology governance and knowledge management are strategies for smart organization that have inside and outside of the organizational consequences.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2020)
Abstract
Objective: This paper aimed to identify and classify high-educated emloyees expectations from the organization, and deisign a model of employer brand based on their expectations.
Methods: This paper has a qualitative approach and used the grounded theory as a research method. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used o collect data. In this regard, 25 experts who has job experience and high educationand graduated from high level universities participate in job interviews. The validity of this research was examined and approved by the interviewers, professors, and by content validity ratiowith coefficience of%62. And the reliability was %81 which obtained by using auditing result processmethodology. For data analysis, we used the continuous comparison method in three stages: open, axial, and selective coding.
Results: Results revealed that mutual expectations between employee, job and organization had significant effects on employer brand experiences. Also, it was shown that employer brand experiences with contextual conditions (organizational capabilities, employer branding executive requirements, employer branding executives and HR management subsystems), and intervening conditions (candidate’s persona, employer content marketing, employer branding challenges) had significant effects on employer brand equity strategies. Additionally, the findings indicated that the consequences of employee’s attraction and retaintion, improvement of organizational and employee performance, customer and market, business brand, brand awareness, HR and external consequences.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (10-2020)
Abstract
In the organizational world, leaders or executives are highly influential, and managerial and leadership positions are one of the most important organizational professions. This subject is more important in public organizations due to key role of them in society. In this survey, researchers seek to provide appropriate leadership model for public organizations. Reviewing this subject, “lean leadership", which traditionally used in the industrial environment, can be considered as the basis for extracting the model of lean leadership in Public organizations. For this purpose, 23 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the academics and executive (or simultaneous) and experts of the subject, by using targeted sampling method. Based on the key coding strategy, the open, axial, and selective coding steps were implemented, and by the effective and efficient use of Software (MAXQDA.PRO.2018.1), the axial category "government requirements”, “authenticity" ,"strategies", "external influences" "intra-organizational actions" were extracted, which led to the consequences of this exploratory model in the context of the category of “lean leadership”. The two key findings of the research process include "descriptive exploratory model of lean leadership in Public organizations" and "extracting theoretical theorems”.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (10-2020)
Abstract
Purpose: Due to the emergence of the lean approach concept in human resources, this research was conducted with aim of analyzing the issue of lean human resource supply chain.
Methodology: Relying on philosophical foundations of pragmatism school, this research is a qualitative study based on grounded theory. The statistical population of the study consisted of senior managers, middle managers and experts of the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare and academic experts. 19 individuals were selected by purposeful sampling as statistical sample members. Lean human resource supply chain model identifications were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's three-step coding method (252 key concepts, 43 subcategories, and 25 main categories).
Findings: Based on the findings of the study, lean human resource supply was selected as the pivotal phenomenon. Causal conditions were categorized into two categories of environmental and organizational factors, and the five main categories of preventive demand management planning, efficiency of search resources, efficiency of evaluation and screening, recruitment preparation and succession system efficiency. Selected strategy title, personal characteristics of managers, evaluating the effectiveness of absorbed human resources, the employability of the candidate as a reinforcement intervener and illegal relationships, environmental uncertainty, time pressure for employment, and the inefficiencies of the public management system were identified as mitigating interventions. Organizational culture, strategic role of HR unit, managers' flexibility and adaptability, management stability, career management and accessibility, and the organization's resource constraints were identified as lean human resource supply chain strategies. Finally, the implications of the lean human resource supply chain were divided into three levels: micro, middle and macro.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (1-2021)
Abstract
The purpose of this research is developing a model for competencies of strategic management and organization consultants. The research method is qualitative and in accordance with the emerging Glaser approach of grounded theory. 21 strategy consultants participated in this research who have been selected through purposeful sampling and snowball approach. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection and MAXQDA version 10 software and triple coding were used for data analysis. The results indicated that the competencies of strategy consultants, includes personality competencies, general management competencies, general consultancy competencies, and specialized competences of strategic management and management consulting. These competencies are necessary for consultants to be successful. At the lowest level are personality competencies. These are the competencies that are useful to success in any field of activity, but they are vital for strategy consultants. Managerial and consulting competencies are at the second level of the pyramid that are essential for any managers and consultants. At the highest level of the pyramid, there are two categories of strategic management and management consulting competencies. Strategic management competencies are common to all who are involved in formulating, implementing or controlling organizational strategies. Management consulting competencies are also common in all strategic management consultants who deal with top-level managers in an organization.
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2007)
Abstract
Empirical sciences are systems of theories. Scientifics theories build up the human’s knowledge realm through explaining the phenomena and develop it by raising new issues and participating in the formation of new theories in responding them . This article presents a systematic method for theory building in managerial Studies as well as human oriented researches. The theories take shape by means of extracting and organizing the “concepts” hidden in the research subjects. This logic merges the empirical knowledge (singular statement)with the theorems (universal statements) by justification and generates new deductive theorems with scientific validity. Thus, in the present research “Grounded Theory”(GT) was presented as a widely accepted methodology and the theory building process was explained by means of GT. An experience of theory building in managerial research was then presented to enlighten the process more clearly. This research studied twelve failed companies to find out the reasons behind the crashed strategies and the findings were presented in the pattern of two theories. The trustworthiness of the two theories was introduced through "falsification" at the end of the article. The main purpose of this research was to familiarize the human science researchers with “theory building” and to report an actual work through the use of this me methodology. Even though it was restricted to summarizing due to its short structure.