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Ideological discourse has always challenged individuals as subjects and has always tried to use the polysemous character of language to predominate other discourses and subjects.­­This study attempts to answer the question of how the ideological discourse is able to carry out a semantic transformation on the discourse’s level and therefore on the conveyed message’s level, and that how the political authorities utilize linguistic structures and the means that language and the connotative modification of the language provide them to legitimize their supremacy in a schematic and schematized perspective.
To achieve this objective, this article’s authors have attempted to show the relationship between linguistic elements with power and domination by analyzing discourse of subjects in the Cannibale novel written by contemporary French writer Didier Daeninckx by relying on Pierre Zima’s sociological theories.­Advocating the fight against denialism, racism, colonialism, corruption in political societies, he wrote Cannibale in 1998 in memory of the "human zoos" under the French Third Republic.­It tells the story of indigenous Kanaks who were exhibited as animals at the 1931 Colonial Exhibition.­Accordingly, this article examines how ideological discourse and semantic transformation are created through narratives and dialogues that occur throughout the book and lead to transforming ideological implications.­Also, by describing and interpreting the nature of native Kanaks from the perspective of dominant ideological discourse, it is shown that dominant discourse uses the polysemous and multidimensional nature of language by holding the power to organize linguistic structures and defines a nature other than the original nature of the native Kanaks.

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Translation Studies seems to have succeeded to establish itself as an area of enquiry for scholars. Patterns of flourishing this discipline with its diverse audience is not well studied, though. The present study used scientometric and bibliometric analyses to identify and assess topics and trends of Translation Studies over time, as evidence of evolution over the course of time. Documents (from 1931 to 2021) were extracted from Scopus to examine relevant indicators; document types, top journals, authors’ networks, institutes/universities, organizational support, countries and interdisciplinary contributions. In addition, VOSviewer, network and cluster density visualization and word co-occurrences were utilized to analyze and evaluate the development of the field. Trend analysis was considered at three intervals. The analyses showed that over a 90-year time span (1931-2021), 13916 documents were published by 21509 authors from 16323 institutes/universities that contributed to the scientific mobility of Translation Studies. Authors’ cooperation from 124 countries emerged in four clusters led by the US, the UK, Spain and China. In its course of development, Translation Studies witnessed a remarkable proliferation of documents since the 2000s onward. Relevant topics were shown by keywords analysis, and interrelationships of Translation Studies with other disciplines were explored. The findings offer analyses of trends and topics in Translation Studies, as evidence of scientific evolution, attested by the interdisciplinary contributions and bibliometric findings.
 

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Among the L2 skills, writing is considered one of the most emotion-wrought aspects of language learning due to the high level of students’ engagement and investment in the composing process. Nevertheless, many L2 teachers have neglected the psychological aspects of writing which can be traced to the profession’s history of emphasizing cognition over emotion. Positive Psychology principles highlight the fact that the students’ success in accomplishing educational tasks such as writing depends not only on their knowledge, effort and perseverance but also their psycho-emotional status. Accordingly, the present study, adopting a correlational design, investigated the associations between 40 Iranian EFL learners' writing performance and their perceptions of a set of positive psychology constructs. The required data were collected based on the students' performance on two essay writing tasks and their responses to the items of L2-specific academic buoyancy, L2 writing mindset and willingness to write questionnaires. The correlation coefficients indicated no statistically significant relationship between the students' writing performance and the positive psychology constructs investigated; nevertheless, there was a significant positive relationship between academic buoyancy and willingness to write variables. In addition, the multiple regression analysis showed that among the subscales of the positive psychology measures, the positive acceptance of academic life and regularity adaptation could best predict the writing performance of the students. The MANOVA results also indicated no statistically significant differences among more-skilled, moderately-skilled and less-skilled student writers in terms of academic buoyancy, mindset and willingness to write.
 

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Pre-service teacher education programs play a pivotal role in the formation and evolution of teachers' identities, wherein both formal and hidden curriculums exert significant influences (Beauchamp and Thomas, 2009). This qualitative study delves into the development of Language Teacher Identities (LTIs) among student teachers at Farhangian University, with a particular focus on the reformed curriculum.A qualitative research method was used. A total of 27 female student teachers shared their experiences through individual and focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing the interviews. The findings revealed mismatches between the student teachers’ envisioned identities and the curriculum’s expected identity, leading to feelings of cognitive unpreparedness. The study also highlighted the significant roles of both formal and hidden curriculums in shaping teacher identity, with both positive and negative changes observed in cognitive, social, and emotional aspects. The implications drawn from the study’s findings provide insights into curriculum design and teacher education programs, offering guidance on how to effectively support the construction of teacher identity and raise student teachers’ awareness of this transformative process.

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Virtual platforms can be an effective tool for evaluating students' performance. However, their success depends on the effective use of digital tools, teacher preparedness, and the adoption of appropriate communication approaches. The current research aimed at scrutinizing the relation between the digital competencies of English Language Teachers (ELT) of three Universities of Misan, Baghdad, and Mustansiriyah with the usage of digital tools for distance teaching during the contingency of COVID-19 in the academic year 2020-2021. The study is a quantitative type accompanied with a correlational scope and a non-experimental cross-sectional design. 98 ELT teachers participated in the study. Two instruments were applied to carry out the gathering of information; these instruments were Likert surveys sent through Google Forms, one had 17 items and was aimed to measure the use of the digital tools, while the other had 20 items and was aimed to measure the digital competencies. The overall conclusions of the study revealed the existence of a strong positive correlation between the level of digital competencies and the use of digital tools in the professors of the University of Misan, University of Baghdad, and University of Mustansiriyah, the professors of these schools mentioned a strong trend to always use the digital tools in their pedagogical tasks. The differences found probably were influenced by other variables that are not part of the target in this study such as age, working experience, among others.

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Sport has its own discourse which bears discursive features as sport spreads through body and language.. In sport discourse, we can see cultural indexes which have clear impact on sport discourse. Sport is like a medium for culture. When we learn sport knowledge we learn implicitly cultural patterns of the society in which that sport is popular. The cultural indexes are reflected in sport discourse in form of situation, social behaviors, customs, norms and values of the community. Performative discourses have three main key elements of act, value and change which are also present in sport discourse. In this paper, we intend to explain we could not remove all the cultural indexes of sport educational discourse just due to their differences with our cultural patterns and how they are efficient in improving discourse of sport. In this research with random selection among women trainers of body building and fitness sport, 15 women trainers were questioned orally with questionnaires on the impact of cultural indexes on their training. Results show all indexes are involved effectively in the educational discourse of sport.

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Diagnostic Formative Assessment (DFA) has already established its applicability and necessity in second language teaching practice and research as a legitimate supplement to summative assessment. However, examples of practical implementations of DFA informing SLA research and an investigation of the detailed processes involved, especially when it comes to productive skills such as speaking in tertiary educational settings are rather scarce. Therefore, focusing on the formality dimension, as a rather neglected component in DFA, the present quasi-experimental study set out to compare the effects of formal and informal DFA on Iranian EFL learners’ oral fluency and accuracy at university level. For this purpose, a homogeneous group of 52 male and female L2 learners were assigned to two experimental conditions and after a speaking pre-test developed and scored based on IELTS speaking tasks, went through four months of formal and informal DFA based on four reiterative stages of Observation, Initial Assessment, Hypothesis Checking, and Decision Making. Upon the post-test, the results of ANCOVAs showed that both treatments equally contributed to learners’ development of oral fluency and accuracy, indicating that traditional skepticisms towards informal DFA must be revisited and they can serve as appropriate supplements to more formal approaches whenever necessitated by the instruction. EFL practitioners are recommended to take these rather broad, flexible, and convenient informal DFA practices into consideration and decide on their exact choices based on the particularities of the context, situation, and individual learners, which leads to an expansion in their pedagogical options.
 

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This study examines the differences between the social networks of farm women in tribal and coastal areas. Using a multistage sampling method, interviews were conducted with 240 farm women from Ganjam and Raigada districts in Odisha. Social network analysis (SNA) was employed to map the networks and identify key sources and patterns of information access utilized by farmers. The study identified which village nodes received agricultural information based on high degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality.
The findings indicate that farm women in tribal areas have relatively weaker information networks compared to those in coastal areas. While farm women from both areas consider the most educated family or village member and self-help groups (SHGs) as primary information sources, coastal farm women are more adept at networking with additional sources such as TV, training sessions, demonstrations, field days, other farmers, agriculture departments, and input dealers.

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Nowadays, the seismic performance-based design of structures has been widely noticed by the engineering community. So, different methods for performance-based design have been presented by different researchers. This attitude has been included in the design code and regulations for seismic design of new buildings and retrofit of existing buildings. The FEMA P-58 performance-based design method presented by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) can quantify the consequences related to the seismic response of buildings. Therefore, using this method, the seismic performance of buildings can be directly evaluated. In addition, this performance-based design method can define simpler criteria such as repair cost, repair time, and casualties for seismic evaluation and decision-making process. The method is based on considering different sources of uncertainty in earthquake input and its intensity, structural response, associated damage, and repair cost, using the concepts of conditional probability and total probability theorem. In this method, the building is designed in such a way that it meets the expected and predetermined performance level in a specific level of seismic excitation. Since the performance levels of the building are determined based on the amount of damage caused to structural and non-structural members, one of the practical and effective ways to evaluate performance is to estimate the building repair cost. In the approach presented in FEMA P-58, the repair cost is defined in a probabilistic approach, as the cost needed to restore the damaged parts to their original state in the form of expected annual loss. In this research, first, three 4-, 12-, and 20-story office buildings with the lateral force resisting system of reinforced concrete special moment frames were selected in a high seismic risk area. Then, the nonlinear model of structures was provided in OpenSEES software. In order to reduce the computational cost and analysis time, the single-bay Substitute Frame model was used to simplify the multi-bay reinforced concrete moment frames. All four structures were subjected to Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) for 30 earthquake records. A probabilistic relationship between the spectral acceleration of the earthquake and the main damage parameter (i.e. the inter-story drift), as well as the collapse fragility curve, was obtained. Then, the repair cost including the cost of repairing structural members as well as beams and columns, the cost of repairing non-structural members as well as partition and curtain walls, and the cost of replacing collapsed structures was calculated as expected annual loss. The results show that the repair costs at the Design-Based Earthquake (DBE) for 4-, 12-, and 20-story buildings are 3%, 2.5%, and 10% of the building replacement cost and at Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) are 22%, 23%, and 38% of the building replacement cost, respectively. In addition, in short buildings, most of the cost is caused by repairing structural and non-structural members, and in tall buildings, most of the cost is caused by replacing collapsed or severely damaged structures. Considering two nonstructural elements (i.e. partition and curtain walls) in repair cost, the analysis results show that the cost of repairing structural elements is more than the cost of repairing non-structural elements.

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Accurate analysis of bitumen behavior as a viscoelastic material and its natural phenomena such as aging are important issues in pavement engineering. Therefore, controlling the low and high temperature properties of bitumens is essential to prevent low temperature cracking and common high temperature distress in order to provide proper service throughout the pavement life. In this study, the aging phenomenon and its effects on the mechanical properties of bitumens were simulated using the Superpave method, namely the RTFOT method for short-term aging and the PAV method for long-term aging. In order to investigate the effect of repeated PAV cycles on the properties of bitumens, three types of bitumen with different penetration degrees of 40-50 (PG70-16), 60-70 (PG64-22) and 85-100 (PG58-28) were selected and three samples of each were subjected to one to three PAV aging times. The beam shear rheometer (BBR) test was performed at three temperatures from 0 to -12°C and the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) at seven temperatures from 46 to 82°C. Based on the results obtained, the high temperature performance of the bitumens increased by a maximum of three grades and their low temperature performance increased by a maximum of two grades. In other words, the grading of the triple bitumens, after three times of PAV, became 82-4, 82-10, and 70-16, respectively. Also, the relationship between the high temperature performance properties of the aged bitumens and their chemical changes at different times of aging was investigated and their changes were examined to show the correlation between these properties. The results showed that the high temperature viscoelastic properties and the chemical aging index of the different bitumens had a strong linear relationship with a coefficient of determination (R²) of more than 0.9.

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According to the resource based attitude, the capabilities of information systems improve firms’ performance and competitive advantages through three ways: 1) inside-outside capabilities, 2) outside-inside capabilities and 3) spanning capabilities. Because of the importance of systematic study on the relationship between these capabilities and firms’ performance this paper was aimed at investigating this relationship using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). We utilized the FAHP because of existing several indices, complexity of decisions and uncertainties that are intrinsically involved in the evaluation of these capabilities. The results imply that among the criteria, return on sales and cost of sold goods are two key criteria that facilitate firms’ success. Moreover, inside-outside capabilities regard a good stimulus for improving firms’ performance. Then, firms’ internal capabilities are more important in responding to market than outside-inside capabilities.

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Measuring government is among the major challenges faced by public policy makers in any country. The origin of measuring the government performance is the managerial paradigm of political system. Public policies are reflections of government management. For measuring policy outcomes, a measurement system must be designed. The public value model can be used for measuring policy outcomes. In this paper, a model for is proposed measuring public policy performance based public value model.

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Remarkable progresses of science and extensive development of modern technologies have led academic ability to become one of the tools of power. Accordingly, governments are trying to promote their higher education system in such a way that their position would improve on the basis of its performance. One of the most effective ways is to develop a comprehensive and integrated model for evaluation and ranking of universities and higher education institutions. Reaching such a model needs identifying factors and criteria that are related to evaluating the universities performance, choosing compatible factors with Iran’s higher education system, classification of the criteria and finally, representing them in a model. In this research, according to the literature review and expert’s point of view, eight factors were presented as the basic parts of the model as follows: educational, research, cultural, student, management and human resource, information technology, quality assurance and educational and research space factors. By using factor analysis, the extracted criteria were classified according to these eight factors and the final model was presented. The use of this model will cause integrating the system of performance evaluation of universities and higher education institutions. It will further help them to pursue their competition in such a way that consequently help the country to reach the desired scientific capability.

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We present a method to predict the flexible and rigid regions based on sequence. We use the free energy of two consequent amino acids to define a factor for distinguishing flexible regions from the rigid ones. Using statistical analysis of this free energy, we assign a normalized number between zero to one hundred which we call it flexibility number. Taking the effects of up to four neighbors of an amino acid, into account, resulted in an efficient prediction of flexible and rigid regions of a protein.

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Handover is the process of maintaining the active sessions of a mobile terminal as it changes its point of attachment to the access network. To reduce the Handover latency in the MIPv6, fast Handovers for the MIPv6 (FMIPv6) has been proposed in the IETF, But not acceptable in FMIPv6 Handover delays led to efforts to improve this method and therefore the existence of multiple Handover methods in the literature. In order to select the appropriate method، in this paper, existing methods have been classified and then performance metrics are identified. Then Categories importance in calculating Handover performance metrics is investigated. Call blocking probability, Handover blocking probability, Probability of an unnecessary handover ,Duration of interruption and delay ,as the most important Handover algorithm performance metrics are introduced. Continue using the AHP algorithm in example topology, according to the selected sound aplication, weight is given to the metrics and using Topsis methods appropriate Handover algorithm has been specified.

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Abstract
Aims: Today, due to a large change in economic, political, and other relations, the spatial structure of cities, especially metropolises, is subject to rapid changes. Regarding the influence of structural components, especially the component of politics (power), on space, on
one hand, and the existence of oil revenues and structural features of Iran on the other hand, consideration of the spatial transformations of metropolises is necessary in terms of politics and power. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of spatial transformations of Tehran and Tabriz metropolises in the context of Iranian oil economy.
Instruments and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study, the required data, information, and concepts related to the indices explaining the spatial transformations of Tehran and Tabriz metropolises were collected directly with access to some information sources, including the Central Bank site and the Statistical Center. In the theoretical foundation, the most part of the study was done in library. Pearson correlation coefficient and Simultaneous regression test were used to determine the relationship between oil revenues of the country and building approval certificates issued by the municipality of Tehran and Tabriz.
Findings: The oil revenues had a direct correlation with the number of building approval certificates issued in Tabriz (r=0.5663; p=0.0025) and Tehran (r=0.7440; p=0.0005). The oil revenues could explain 56.63% of the building approval certificates issued in Tabriz and 74.44% of the building approval certificates issued in Tehran.
Conclusion: Production, spatial transformations, and construction activities in Tehran and Tabriz metropolises are directly affected by oil revenues.
 

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This research aimed to compare the perceived motivational climate of judokas and basketball players in the Iranian Premier League, which was carried out using a comparative research method. The statistical population of the research was all the judokas of the Iranian Premier League (9 teams and 18 judokas on each team) and all the Iranian Premier League basketball players (9 teams and 18 basketball players on each team). They competed in the Premier League competitions in 2014. The present research considered the statistical sample based on Morgan's sample size table for judokas (n=83) and basketball players (n=102).In order to conduct data collection, a demographic form and motivational climate questionnaire (PMCSQ) were used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and an independent t-test was used to compare the two sports at a significant level (p≤0.05). The results showed a difference between the perceived motivational climate of judokas and basketball players of the Iranian Premier League (p≤0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that the performance Climate in judokas was higher than in basketball players (p≤0.05), but the skill motivational Climate in basketball players was higher than in judokas (p≤0.05). In general, it can be concluded that the type of sport is an important factor in the type of perceived motivational climate.