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Feminism and feministic critique of works of literature are the new topics in literature in the last century that has been highly regarded by writers and literary scholars. In contemporary Persian and Arabic literature, especially after the second half of the twentieth century, the growth of feminist approach to literature and poetry and prosing works of women-centered has been remarkable. Nawal El Saadawi and Shahrnoush Parsipour were feminist writers that protest a patriarchal system of social customs in their novels and look at the world with women mentality. Thus, due to the influence of feminist thinking and the current situation of women in novels of Saadawi and Parsipour, with an emphasis on descriptive - analytical and comparative approach, this article attempts to analyze the novels of "Diary of a doctor" and "The Dog and the Long Winter" based on feminist criticism. The findings suggest that the authors pay particular attention to factors such as protest against a patriarchal society, expression of oppression against women and women's identity an also have been trying to figure out individuality. In the field of differences, gender apartheid and hatred love and emotions of women in society are among feminist clear differences between the novels.

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Examining proverbs can be influential to know different aspects of every culture because the culture of every nation and group is illustrated in its proverbs. The goal of this research is to study the position of family and woman in Bakhtiari proverbs with Feminism critical view. The research methodology is to analyze qualitative content. In these proverbs, women have supreme, inferior and equal position with men. When we talk about private matters, women are holy creatures and superior to men. In public and social proverbs, women are inferior to men. In general proverbs, women’s positions are equal to those of men. In most proverbs, men are dominant, and desirable ideas in the society are institutionalized for men. Marriage, criticizing polygamy, knowledge before marriage, ways to know spouse, and family related subjects are reflected in these proverbs.

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Text analysis based on deconstructive approche is one of the new perspective to literary criticism. This view look for contradictions within the text Thereby deconstructing the binary oppositions founded the text and demonstrating that this oppositions do not have firm base. According extensive studies in women speech and writing in different years and cultures, some character are attributed to women as feminist style. in This opposition, regardless of rating, feminist style is in contrast to masculin’s. Feminine characteristics consists of Frequently used forms of expressive language, vague and imprecise language and intensifier, applications and prayers, hailing forms, sentences as opposed to rules of grammar and incomplete sentences, Frequently use of intonation, stop and stress, simple language, detailed writing, Speaking from a position of weakness and lack of authoritarianism and use of processes that do not require a lot of mental activity. this article demonstrates that attributing some of the features to feminine writing do not have solid base and alter within changing social and cultural factors, by analyzing the Memories of Taj-ol-Saltana as feminist narrative and comparing that with memories of Aziz-al-Soltan known by Malijak as masculine narrative which written in same context of Memories of Taj-ol-Saltana. Evidence that led us to this involved of writing from a position of strength, the active voice and use of complex mental processes.

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One of the most important sectors of each culture is folklore, which consists of different dimensions. The present study, focused on the culture and literature of the Baloch people, aims to recognize in what dimensions the Baloch women have been embodied in the Baloch epics; secondly, what position they have in the society and their family? Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify and interpret the mechanism that in Baloch epics provides for a specific situation and status in relation to the Baloch women. To this aim, the qualitative and documentary methods of analysis were employed; in order to better interpret the obtained data, some feminist theories such as radical feminism, social feminism, and liberal feminism were used critically to find out whether the issues that are extracted from the data could be discussed through these frameworks. The results show that the images obtained imply some dimensions such as: adversative of peace and lasting relations between the powerful chiefs; power and wealth; intelligence; bravery, and militancy; a shelter against danger; and the adversative of the family relations by doing wrong judgments. In general, it was found that women who are mentioned in the Baloch epics have an equal value and status compared with men.

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Every countrychr('39')s literature, in one hand is a mirror to itchr('39')s ideologies and thoughts and on the other hand is a reflection of that countrychr('39')s minoritychr('39')s views. Therefore; in international literature domain, novels, as a form of literature, gives the writer the ability to make a harmony between his own ideas and inner emotions and to transfer them to the reader in the end. Between the worldchr('39')s most famous writers there are some writers with similarities -however small- in the writing method and ideology. In the following essay we tried to compare and analyze the works of two female writers - one Iranian and one Turkish- after pointing out the basics of feministic critique. Zoya Pirzad between Iranian writers and Elif Shafak between Turkish writers are two novelists who seem to value and emphasize on the position of women. By going through this fact, in this essay we find out the attitude and views of the two writers regarding feministic critique barometers. Therefore in the following desk based research, using inductive methods, founded in analysis and characterization, wechr('39')ll analyze the works of these two great writers as well as getting to know the critics opinions on them.

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 Narges Baqeri. PH.D
Parivash Mirzaian
Abstract
This article pays a glance at literary studies carried out between 1934 to 2012, which have revolved round women; manifesting these studies’ terms, frequencies, repetitions, absences, and neglected aspects. Moreover, efforts have been made to readout and analyze graphs and tables. The consideration of these studies has experienced a rising trend. Female researchers have carried out the majority of studies on women in Iran’s literature. Also, based on figures, the majority of studies have been conducted on classical poems, mainly the collection of Ferdowsi’s poems, Shahnameh. Meanwhile, a shortage of scientific studies on women is evident in the classical poems of women. Among the prose texts, One Thousand and One Nights has allocated the highest number of studies, and researchers revolving round women have been warmly welcomed in the domain of tales. Simin Daneshvar, as the first Iranian female author has contributed the majority of studies in this realm. In the contemporary poetry, the shortage of studies on the classical poems composed by women is not sensed, and the majority of such contemporary poems have been criticized and studied. The poems of Parvin Etesami have achieved the highest figures, as poems which bond classical and contemporary poetry.
 

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In this research, we attempt to answer this question with the exploratory reading of the story of the "Abiha" blues" by Moniru Ravanipour : To what extent the events of this story, which is related to the indigenous beliefs of the people of the south, corroborate the relationship between women and nature? What are the differences between women and men attitude in this story about nature? Based on this research, it can be said that Moniru Ravanipour  with her female concerns, has been able to relate to this story - and of course her other stories emphasizing the duality of men and women. In addition to by utilizing a mythical inventory such as Mermaid shows the close relationship between woman and nature. Unlike profit-minded of men, women have a kind of caring and empathic behavior with nature. Ravanipour, also dividing Mermaids into blue and red and she has been able to portray the dual figure of nature. A figure that is proportional to the behavior of humans (men) is suddenly changing, and women understand this sudden change.

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At the beginning of the Victorian Era (1837-1901), although British women’s activities were limited to housekeeping, their restriction in social activities and job choices, the increase in their population, were among the issues that led to the formation of new perspectives on women and their possibility of working outside the home. Meanwhile with the expansion of missionary activity in British colonies, Victorian women gained the opportunity to participate in missionary works beyond their homes. A significant number of them were attached with the Church Missionary Society (CMS) and came to Iran. They faced two challenges for proving their ability in creating a “new self and identity” versus “others”: 1) in Victorian society as a social identity equal to men, 2) in Qajar society for introducing “themselves” as a preacher of “new social identity” to Iranian women. Focusing on the conceptual framework related to the issue of “self, other and identity”, reviewing the surviving reports and documents, this article examines the causes and manner of the process that led to the formation of the “new identity” of these missionary women and their demarcation between “themselves” and the “other”, i.e., patriarchal structure of the Victorian society and the CMS. It also reviews the feedback from their interactions with Iranian women as “other” in shaping their “new self and identity”. The achievements of this article show that the liberal and feminist actions of missionary women in creating a “new self and identity” in their homeland led to an open competition with missionary men in patriarchal structure of the CMS. Furthermore, following the interaction of the CMS women with different strata of Qajar women, their “missionary identity” faded and “their humanitarian self and identity” aspects replaced.
 

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: The post-colonial conditions provided a good opportunity for Muslim women to shift their strategic position from a unit of analysis for westerners to the agent of active knowledge production. For many, Islamic feminism is considered as an alternative knowledge to bring about an epistemological emancipation from Orientalist ideas. Nevertheless, the present study shows, this is not free of ambiguity and problems. This study focuses on a book entitled Women and Gender in Islam by Leila Ahmed (1992) as one of the most influential sources of Islamic feminism, which is considered as an international academic source and is part of the most frequent textbooks in syllabi in American universities for decades Regarding the issue of the current article, that is, the challenges of thinking on the boundary of Islam and modernity for Muslim women, the supremacy of presuppositions and modern gender ideas have been explored in Islamic feminism. This superiority of discourse is to the extent that by using the critical discourse analysis method and understanding intertextual connections with other first-hand Islamic historical and jurisprudential sources, Ahmad's reading can be much distorted. As such, the paper tries to unveil the necessity of re-considering internal ambivalences and discursive complications of the book, considering its logic in approaching early marriage, polygamy, and veiling through Ahmed's creation of complex binaries such as Jahiliah (ignorance) vs. Islam and the Prophet vis-a-vis his female counterparts.

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This study aims to investigate the binary oppositions existing in the novels of Kiran Desai and Aravind Adiga. As Hellen Cixous and Luce Irigaray, two French feminists argue, gender binaries are designed in a way that women are always placed at a lower position than men. Desai and Adiga’s novels are chosen for this study because they are from a new generation of Indian writers and their booker prize winner novels suggest their popularity and prominence in Indian English literature. Choosing a male and female writer provides the opportunity to compare the works of authors of each sex as well. Finding the patriarchal binaries existing in the novels and highlighting the parts where these structures are broken by each writer based on Cixous's theory is the first step in analyzing the novels. Then comparing how the authors posited female characters in relation to the male ones is the second step taken in this analytical study. This study applies thematic analysis on two novels i.e. The White Tiger and Selection Day by Aravind Adiga and The Inheritance of Loss and Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard by Kiran Desai. Based on the findings, Desai and Adiga both suggested the existing binaries; however, Desai did it with detailed depiction of characters and relations while Adiga had a more comprehensive way to show the issues related to women and were considered so peripheral that did not worth depicting.