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This research examined how to explain the constructional schemas of Persian complex verbal predicates(PCVP) based on CM and its aim was to identify and classify different types of  PCVPs including compound verbs and verbal phrases (1036 data in textbooks related to Teaching Persian to Non-Persian Speakers). The research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method and the data were analyzed based on the criteria of CM. The findings showed, through the analysis of PCVPs based on the constructional approach, their formal similarity and lack of the definite boundary between different types of PCVPs in the hierarchical lexicon is represented more transparently and their constructional continuum is more explicitly depicted in the Persian verbal network. In sum, in this continuum of PCVPs, three subschemas of Persian verb phrases, two subschemas of compound verbs, and one subschema of incorporated verbs were recognized in the data. In addition, all PCVPs were examined in terms of default inheritance and the degree of motivation in their form and meaning relationship, whether grammatical information of the higher levels inherited by lower levels, such as incorporated verbs, or not such as compound verbs with metaphorical meaning. As a result, the asymmetry in their form and meaning was not problematic. Assuming the holisticity of form and meaning, a generalized and cost-effective analysis can be presented for both regular and unpredictable PCVPs, and despite of a lot of idiosyncratic cases, all types of PCVPs could be explained through general schemas and subschemas coherently without proposing exceptional solutions.

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The recent concept of the cultural landscape is the result of the development of the contemporary society and it`s valuables. In the past years, often the special art works and important monuments were being noticed, but after the world war and its destructions and the enormous industrial development in the decade of 1950’s, people understood that their lives had a close relationship with the environment in which they had lived or worked, and this became a basis for the recognition of the cultural identity and a spiritual reference for a balanced way in their lives. Due to the considerable influence of the cultural regeneration on the desirable components of quality in the living environment of the citizens; the concepts of quality of citizen’s life and the effect of indexes of the objective quality on the citizen’s life, would be studied. On this basis, nowadays paying attention to the urban centers and the solutions based on the necessity of increase in quality of life is very important for the managers and urban program designers; because the desirable quality of the spaces have an undeniable effect on the humanity sensations and spaces are the basis of social and public activities, holding the ceremonies, identification factor of the cities, the arena for the believes to emerge, their thoughts and the way of living.In addition, regarding the fact that one of the main aspects and concentrations of urban buildings and building the large cities was based on the urban complexes, and nowadays the neglectfulness of the urban managers about these type of spaces has made a lot of problems for these centers which have degraded the quality of the life environments of the citizens. Zandiye complex of shiraz, which is a special kind of cultural landscape within the urban environment; is going to be studied and instructions based on the regeneration would be presented to improve the quality of the citizen’s life in this urban complex. The effects of this complex on Shiraz are so that it has defined a part of the identity of this city during the history, because the national and religious ceremonies have been held in this complex. Regardless of the vastness and importance of the Karimkhan complex of buildings due to the diverse and new functions, the zand street passing through the complex and some social-cultural issues, have affected the living quality and sustainable presence of the citizens; So a qualitative coordinator design seems to be very essential. It is obvious that the improvement of the quality of life in the cultural landscape in urban space needs to have access to the criteria’s and conditions which meet the consent of the citizen by providing their spiritual and non-spiritual requirements. The investigation procedure of this paper is based on the descriptive-analytic research method or the historical case study approach. The resources of this research are libraries and field observations.

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Today, carbon dioxide emission is one of the concerns of all countries in the world, so in this paper, we examine the effect of export quality, energy efficiency, and economic complexity on CO2 emissions per capita during the period of 1990 to 2014 in emerging economies. For this purpose, first, energy efficiency is calculated using mathematical programming methods (DEA). Then, the effect of export quality, energy efficiency, and economic complexity on per capita carbon dioxide emissions in the panel of emerging economies is investigated using panel quantile regression. The energy efficiency results show that the average energy efficiency of the studied countries had been increasing from 1990 to 2014. The lowest efficiency score among the studied countries is related to China. The results of quantile regression indicate that the export quality and consumption per capita of fossil fuels have a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions per capita in all quantiles. The results also show that the coefficient increases by moving in the level of quantiles, so that, the highest effect coefficient of export quality on CO2 emission is related to the quantile 90th and about 0.874. Energy efficiency has a negative and significant effect in all quantiles except 90th, and the highest coefficient of influence (0.133) is related to quantile 10th. The increase in economic complexity increases the co2 emissions in all quantiles except 10th, and the highest coefficient (about 0.487) is related to quantile 90th. 

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Aggregation and concentration of industries and the production of more complex products due to economies of scale can cause technology spillover. The development of industrial and complex processes requires energy, and the use of energy causes carbon emissions. Now this question arises, what are the effects of technology and industrial agglomeration on the environment? The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of economic complexity and industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions in a panel of emerging economies during the period 1990–2022. For this purpose, first, the industrial agglomeration was calculated based on the location entropy index, and then, in the new panel approach, the method of moment quantile regression (MMQREG) was used to investigate the effects of economic complexity and industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions. The results showed that increasing the economic complexity index has different effects on carbon emissions. The results of parameter estimation showed that industrial agglomeration increases carbon emissions in high quantiles. The results show that economic growth and energy consumption increase carbon emissions in all quantiles, and urbanization helps to preserve the environment. The results of Dumitrescu and Hurlin's panel causality test show a two-way relationship between industrial agglomeration and carbon emissions and a one-way relationship between economic complexity and carbon emissions.
 

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In this research, the semantic properties of Persian reduplicative constructions were studied in the framworks of “Iconicity Theory”, in general, and the quantity principle in particular. Researches on reduplicative constructions in most languages have reveraled the connection of these constructions to such meanings as augmentation, increased quantity, internsification, continuation, repetition, completion, and distribution. The aim of this research was to show the connection of Persian reduplicative constructions to the aforementioned meanings within the framworks of “Iconicity Theory”, the principle of quantity, and the revised version of Regier's model (1998). The extensive research on form-meaning correlation in Persian causative constructions seminated in the development of a semantic classification of Persian reduplicative constructions (The attached semantic types lists 1-5).

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Objectives: In recent years, the study of the concepts of resilience in different urban areas at different scales has attracted special attention, although the level and number of these studies are very small. Especially in the city of Tehran, which has entered the modern period from traditionl period ,the issue can be considered.
Methods: in the current research , first through library studies in the filed, items related to physical , environmental and social resilience in residential complexes were extracted.then, in these complexes, there are many modes of this type of resilience , which can be achieved by studying and classifying them to the degree of desirability of these complexes. the case study ,studied in this research is kOI No bonyad residential complex, because it is very popular despite the fact that it was built a long time ago .this research is done with interpretive method and in the form of qualitative and quantitative analysis. questionnaire, which was distributed among the residents of this complex to measure the level of physical -environmental and social resilience.
finding: from the findings of this research , it can be seen tha ASP foundation complex(ASP towers)has high level of resilience despite its high construction year.
conclusion: with the investigation done, the patterns used in the complex, which caused its durability , popularity and high resilience , can be used in the design of modern residential complexes so that we can have lasting buildings.

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In today's dynamic environment, having a proper strategy is not enough for companies to be able to adjust themselves with their environments. Companies through choosing a suitable organizational structure can benefit innovation to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The aim of this study is testing the mediating role of organizational structure (formalization, centralization, complexity) between environmental uncertainty and organizational innovation. The questionnaire was used to collect data with high reliability and Structural Equation Modeling and Partial least squares were used for analyzing data. Data collected from medium and large manufacturing firms in the Mashhad city. The results showed that the theoretical model was good fitted and the relationship between environmental uncertainty and dimensions of Organizational structure (complexity, formalization and centralization) is meaningful. Also the relationship between complexity and formalization with organizational innovation were significant. Organizational formalization and complexity mediated between environmental uncertainty and organizational innovation was meaningful but mediating role of centralization was not meaningful.        

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In recent decades, processing relative clauses (RCs) and studying their complexity in different languages had an important role in linguistic and psycholinguistic researches. This study is to compare the complexity of two types of Persian RCs: Subject-Subject (SS) type and Subject-Object (SO) type. This complexity is assessed on the psychological criterion of the preschool children’s understanding of the sentences in which these types of RCs are used. 96 Persian native children in three different age ranges of 3-4, 4-5, and 5-6 (each range 32 children) took part in this study. They were presented by the fore-mentioned types of sentences in two different forms of declarative and interrogative sentences, in different ways of showing pictures and realties, and also asking them to follow the order. Then their understanding of these sentences was tested. The results showed that SO type RCs, both in declarative and interrogative forms, were clearly more complex than SS type RCs.        

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Uncertainties and risks underpinning environmental complexities have undermined lots of assumptions and delivery methods of large industrial projects and have lessened their efficiency and effectiveness. In the literature, selecting proper project delivery method in complex situations still lacks attention, and existing relevant studies have been also conducted based on “the first order of project management”, in which the degree and extent of uncertainties and environmental complexities are considered normal and prevalent. Based on the recent scientific and managerial paradigms such as “the second order of project management”, it is necessary to fulfil required revisions in existing models and solutions, utilizing a novel comprehension and vision to the environment. The main aim of this article is proposing an appropriate method for industrial projects delivery which are planned and conducted in environmental complex situations (and especially high uncertainties as subsequent of situations). This study shows that usual Design and Build method (EPC/TK) – with maximum transferring of risks to contractor – does not satisfy executing large industrial projects, and it should be improved through correction of basics and application of innovative tools and techniques. Flexibility Increasing, sharing risk among parties, supporting problem solving approach, etc. in delivery method form the basis and ground for proposed Design and Build method in this article. This research has utilized a qualitative research methodology, incorporating the Grounded Theory method (of Glitzer’s emerging design type) to identify uncertainties, risks, and the proposed mechanisms for flexible Design and Build delivery method.

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Maize genotypes were screened for host resistance and seed treatment chemicals were evaluated in field to manage Fusarium ear rot complex of maize at high- and mid-hill environments in Nepal during 2003 and 2004. Seven popular maize genotypes along with a susceptible check were used in the host resistance study. The maize genotypes adopted from exotic sources, Manakamana-3 and Deuti, performed superior for ear rot resistance. Three seed treatment chemicals, Vitavax® 200B, Captan 75 WP, and Bavistin® were tested in Fusarium susceptible cultivar. Seed treatment chemicals, Vitavax® 200B, Captan 75 WP and Bavistin®, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced ear rot incidences of maize. This study suggests that cultivation of resistant varieties and applications of seed treatment chemicals can be integrated to prevent crop loss from ear rot complex and reduce potential health hazards due to mycotoxins contamination in maize grains.

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Designing complex subway station and mixing them with crisis management provides an opportunity to understand multi-functional of station spaces. This article seeks to reduce vulnerabilities in the analysis subway stations measures to be considered as temporary accommodation in an emergencies and provide a safe space research questions inclusive weather do you have ability to the performance is also, in addition to its roles as station for transport and cultural and commercial complex; in critical condition become to temporary housing? Or what factors effect on flexibility of architectural complex subway? We have very good station complex in our country. A station complex itself consists of several levels of services areas include entertainment and office. This type of sorting and spatial layout is designed based on the needs. But in this paper we discussed bout benefits of this wide space and advantages of all the facilities and equipment in emergencies. Developing countries, including Iran, in addition to being more prone to accidents and natural disasters than other communities, total human casualties and property damage in case of accident these communities are heavier. To prevent the occurrence, planning to rescue damaged area and temporary accommodation, all communities need new Disaster Management. In the present study we have tried through a multi-functional and flexible design, the central station with the highest integrity economic, social and environmental be prepared to deal with the sudden crises. Despite the unexpected event and the space subway stations is located in the basement created a good spaces for sheltering people affected. Theoretical Framework of research was formed on professional background. Description of the research subjects are used to identify a type of descriptive research. They checked through classified questions by the nature of the condition or a relationship between phenomena. This study uses for recognition of flexible spaces with different activities, after studying previous research, analysis and identification of deficiencies and issues that the extent of the subject matter. Factors were identified and then among them some of the most important factors affecting the enhanced versatility stations and related elements are removed and in the form of a questionnaire was developed. Considering that the present selective approach of the Delphi Survey. These questionnaires gave to professionals and experts in related field to examine their views on this issue answered questions. At the end of the questionnaire they provided the new classification according to their own idea. The thirteen components shaped on the form of a questionnaire. The flexibility of components and elements were created in the form of a table, then each component is associated with a short description and an example and then its influence were examined on the subway stations the fifty questionnaires were prepared and given to fifty experts. After one week about forty persons answered. Finally through analyzing these answers with the software SPSS defined two factors (Adaptation) and (Convertible) have the most effect on multi-functional design. Discuss about flexible architecture used in most developing countries. Use the subway as one of the most important infra structure of transport industry. And different countries follow the various purposes about construction and expansion of the system based on their political and socio-economic strategy and structure. In this research, urban transportation industry used toward protection, facilitating crisis management and reduce potential vulnerabilities and providing satisfaction in critical and noncritical periods. Following the development of the industry in the transportation and services the most of countries used of subway station as space towards temporary accommodation with the aim of maintaining and relief protection. On the other, stations being able to protect of people and providing essential supplies for certain time periods at a critical time. These information is done based on limited studies are available. One of deficiency in new architecture is lack of planning toward multi-purpose use. In the other word we can use from the facilities and equipment for temporary accommodation. Becausepeople take refuge the subway station unconsciously, In this regard in many countries subway stations is used as a shelter space. The main issue in this research is multi-functional and flexible design for example station while there are main function and accessories (transportation and provide daily needs), another function will have to meet the needs of citizens in a secure environment. These views with the aim of identify a plan to solve the unpredictable problems and issues in organization critical and methods to reduce the vulnerability of disaster, including recognition of the six stages of crisis management planning. Planning, forecasting, equipment, coordination, implementation, analysis, documentation and temporary accommodation, and how to solve the crisis management in 3 section including of identification, decision and evaluation of temporary emergency measures and consequence of after crisis, including the reconstruction in low-risk areas, construction of building according to the rules of retrofitting and flexible designing of the building and cities in the faces of crisis. Multi-purpose in architecture while has many advantages, there is a little attention has been paid. The research studies began with introduction includes the purpose and expanse of information about the main problem of the research. After classifying articles, books and theses and noted the main provisions of the existing theories, the case study was cleared. This research began with the most general resources and ended with the most relevant resources. A review of existing knowledge and to clarify the deficiencies found the concepts to understood multi-purpose architecture. After classifying component based on the measure of affectively, these components were described. These categories gave to the expert. In this time adaptation was priority. In the other word the flexible space will have greater flexibility and create the space, that provide needs of travelers and transport, facilities, crisis management, reducing vulnerabilities and satisfaction while helping temporary accommodation. In according to assumption of this research, if complex station designed multi-purpose and considerate required spaces for critical conditions can be held accountable as a temporary accommodation and components such as versatility and consistent spatial have a high impact on flexibility of architectural complexes.

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Problem: In a two-way relationship with the surrounding environment, human affects the environment on the one hand and is also under the influence of the environment on the other hand. The quality of the physical environment affects the mental health of individuals, and decreases or increases depression, stress, liveliness, vitality, and other states of individuals.
Objective: This study aims to explain and evaluate the effectiveness of physical factors of open space of residential complexes on the mental health of elderlies.
Method: The method of this study is quantitative, and is among descriptive-analytical studies with correlation type in terms of objective.
Results: Findings indicate a direct and significant relationship between physical components: place desirability, appropriateness with cognitive-perceptual abilities, permeability, geometry, location, and mental health of elderlies. Moreover, all components identified in this study could affect the liveliness, vitality, and mental health of elderlies although the effect levels are different between various studied buildings.

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In the present research the authors attempt to study the complex predicates derived from the Arabic infinitives and their derivatives by taking into consideration: the closeness of Persian to Arabic, their joint cultural and historical backgrounds in different eras and the borrowing of many words from Arabic in modern Persian to such an extent that today an outstanding part of many Persian words specially        non-verbal particles in complex predicates are dedicated to the Arabic loanwords. Regarding  the development and productivity of compounding as an active word formation process in Persian, which is considered as a salient typological property, this process has constantly been regarded from different approaches by Iranian and foreign linguists. Therefore, the purpose of this research is initially to investigate and delineate the formation process of the complex predicates which are derived from the Arabic infinitives and their derivatives, using the achievements of cognitive linguistics. Moreover, it examines the dominant constraints on such compounds. It's worth mentioning here that the analysis of chosen investigated verbs is based on the three theories of categorization, configuration and conceptualization which are theoretical fundamentals of cognitive morphology proffered by Hamawand (2011).  

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Shopping Mall Success in Terms of Factors Affecting on Customers' Shopping Welfare



Abstract
This paper presents a model to explain the role of the welfare of shopping customers is conducted on the success of commercial complexes in the country. Based on data collection, the present study is considered as descriptive. Before collecting the data through questionnaire, and so as to check the validity and reliability of the study, a pre-test was taken. Moreover, to assess the validity of the study, the diagnostic validity (DV) using an average variance extracted (AVE) was first calculated and the composite reliability (CR) was then applied to determine the reliability. Therefore, first the researchers reviewed the research literature, then, statistical sample of the population who were the customers of five commercial complexes in Tehran, were selected and the research hypotheses were tested using structural equations and regressions. The findings indicate a significant impact of variables of Functionality, ease of shopping and entertainment on shopping welfare and significant impact of variableof shopping welfare on complex commercial success, but the impact of the variables of Security and self-congruity on shopping welfare are not approved.

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Sustainable design (also called environmental design, environmentally sustainable design, environmentally conscious design, etc.) is the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of social, economic, and ecological sustainability. Generally speaking, Environmentally Sustainable Design endeavors to reduce the impacts of the construction on the natural environment, in addition to improving the comfort of inhabitants.
Human climatic comfort as an important factor of attending people in urban open spaces is one of the most effective varieties for creating Sustainable urban places in order to achieve viable lively social living in urban areas. Owing to the fact, improving the quality of life and human comfort should be taken into account by urban studies and urban experts. Thus, the importance of climatic studies connected to open space and utilizing the results to access a better spatial structure in urban projects is undeniable. In terms of climate comfort, there are several factors affect the human life and the responsiveness of urban spaces to the human needs. One of the most important factors of climate comfort is the airflow. In this regard, airflow defines as the motion of air passes through objects especially high-rise buildings. The amount of air can be measured by its volume or by its mass.
In this study, the optimum usage of air flow to improve the quality of climatic comfort around high-rise buildings has been taken into consideration. Actually, this research aims to apply the airflows for designing urban spaces especially in high-rise areas. In fact, the appropriate usage of airflows has been considered as an important approach of creating responsible urban space to meet the needs of human comfort. Hence, this paper tries to answer these questions: “How does wind behave around Ekbatan buildings?” And “In response to the human comfort, which forms are preferred regarding the existing air flow patterns in Ekbatan complex?”
Several studies about air flow’s effects and difficulties around high buildings have been conducted by researchers such as Arens (1981), Penwarden (1973), Aynsley (1976), Davenport (1976).In addition, in Iran ,Ranjbar (1389), Tahbaz (1370, 1386), Razjouyan (1372, 1386) carried out researches on architectural aerodynamic and airflow around urban blocks.
The research method of this paper is a practical analytics. Required information for this study is collected via observation, literature review, and documentaries. In this paper, three steps have been followed: First, The descriptive- annalistic method used for understanding the present situation. Second, Simulation technique (by ENVI-met software) employed to observe and analyze the relation between the shape of high-rise residential buildings and wind behavior in the case study. Third, a logical argumentation to reach the conclusion. ENVI-met is a three-dimensional microclimate model designed to simulate the surface – plant-air interactions in urban environment with a typical resolution of 0.5 to 10 min space and 10 sec in time. Typical areas of application are Urban Climatology, Architecture, Building Design or Environmental Planning, just to name a few. ENVI-met is a prognostic model based on the fundamental laws of fluid dynamics and thermo- dynamics. The model includes the simulation of: flow around and between buildings, exchange processes of heat and vapor at the ground surface and at walls, turbulence, exchange at vegetation and vegetation parameters, bioclimatology and pollutant dispersion.
The selected area is in Ekbatan complex located in Tehran, Iran which consist of three phases. The modeling area is selected from three phases with different types of residential buildings. The reason for selecting Ekbatan complex is the variety of buildings in forms and public spaces surrounded them and as well as airflow concerns in this area. Climatic data entered into the software is May average data in 2013.
Eventually, the best form for Ekbatan residential buildings was evaluated according to the human comfort against wind. For more explanation, some of the most important rules for urban designing based on airflow comfort have been verified here. When wind strikes buildings, especially high-rise buildings, the wind that flows down the facade, causes to accelerating wind speeds near the windward corners. The increase in wind speed directly depends on the height. Besides, Wind is funneled between two buildings causing wind acceleration between them. According to the simulations, the behavior of wind, particularly the speed of wind, changes while passing through the buildings.
Furthermore, the spatial pattern of Ekbatan complex has been analyzed from different aspects of airflow. The optimized plot has been presented based on three axes. As follow:
1. Analyzing the physical pattern of the location. In other words, this axis tries to understand how buildings were organized next to each other in an adjacent unit.
2. Recognizing the most important environmental factors which affect the desirable urban design. Academically speaking, this step aims to identify environmental aspects of cases.
3. Presenting the optimized-plan. In this section, three alternatives have been simulated by the software. The Structural elements on the drawings and simulation software are Residential blocks, Commercial blocks, the vegetation and green land cover and floor coverings Including asphalt, concrete pavement and dust. It should be noted that the simulation started from 6 am and took 12 hours to analyze.
Finally, some practical strategies (based on software analyses) have been presented for the future developments. For instance, wind speed in backside space of the buildings against air flow, is very low and sometimes it turns to zero. These situations lead to random air movements and consequently wind turbulence. In these cases buildings that step back can be used to reduce undesirable downward wind flows. Wide facades that face the prevailing wind are often undesirable in comparison to less width facades.
In conclusion the study shows that the forms and physical features of the blocks have significant impacts on the wind behavior. According to the analysis, proposed plan has been formed mostly base on controlling and optimizing airflow. However, it should be noted that to achieve proper design and in Consistent with climate, it is unavoidable to have a comprehensive view of all aspects of climate as well as physical aspect.