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One of the most important issues that organizations face is how to motivate employee to perform their roles well, thus ensuring that organization to retain its effectiveness. Indeed, specific set of employees' behaviors, discretionary ones that employees perform for organization that can significantly affect on organization’s success specifically. These behaviors are called organizational citizenship behaviors, defined as discretionary work behaviors that that have not been recognized directly or explicitly by the formal reward system, and in the aggregate, they promote the functioning of the organization. In this study has tried to investigate relationships between organization ethical values, organizational justice, organizational commitment, ethical behavior and organizational citizenship behaviors in Staff part employees of Payam Nour University (Tehran branch). In respect to purpose, this study is applied and in respect to doing method and data collection, is descriptive-analytic. LISREL and structural equation model were used for testing the hypotheses. The results of this study indicated that organization ethical values positively affects on procedural and distributive justice. Procedural and distributive justice positively affects on organizational commitment. Also organizational commitment positively affects on ethical behavior. Ethical behavior positively affect on sportsmanship and altruism dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviors.

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Organizational citizenship behavior, as an optional and intelligent behavior of the personnel, has a significant impression on the individual and organizational conducts and make the personnel to do their duties much better than expected and assigned by their job description. Meanwhile, self-efficacy of the personnel, relaying on their ability and talent, has a determining role in encouraging and developing organizational citizenship behavior. This article aimed to study the correlation of the self-efficacy of the personnel with conducting organizational citizenship behavior and also the correlation of the personnel’s self-efficacy with the aspects of organizational citizenship behavior among the personnel of the Cultural Management Department of the Ministry of Science, Research & Technology (Tehran, Iran). The required data were collected through official census of all the employees of the Cultural Management Department of that Ministry using two different questionnaires; Podsakoff et al’s questionnaire, was used to assess organizational citizenship behavior, and the researcher made questionnaire, programmed based on Bendora’s study on social-cognitive theory, was applied to assess the organizational self-efficacy. The research is a survey study and the data were analyzed using correlation coefficient calculation and its significance test (T-sample test). The results showed a direct relationship between the personnel’s self - efficacy and the outbreak of citizenship behavior. There was also a direct interrelation between the personal’s self-efficacy and every aspect of the citizenship behavior.

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The recent concept of the cultural landscape is the result of the development of the contemporary society and it`s valuables. In the past years, often the special art works and important monuments were being noticed, but after the world war and its destructions and the enormous industrial development in the decade of 1950’s, people understood that their lives had a close relationship with the environment in which they had lived or worked, and this became a basis for the recognition of the cultural identity and a spiritual reference for a balanced way in their lives. Due to the considerable influence of the cultural regeneration on the desirable components of quality in the living environment of the citizens; the concepts of quality of citizen’s life and the effect of indexes of the objective quality on the citizen’s life, would be studied. On this basis, nowadays paying attention to the urban centers and the solutions based on the necessity of increase in quality of life is very important for the managers and urban program designers; because the desirable quality of the spaces have an undeniable effect on the humanity sensations and spaces are the basis of social and public activities, holding the ceremonies, identification factor of the cities, the arena for the believes to emerge, their thoughts and the way of living.In addition, regarding the fact that one of the main aspects and concentrations of urban buildings and building the large cities was based on the urban complexes, and nowadays the neglectfulness of the urban managers about these type of spaces has made a lot of problems for these centers which have degraded the quality of the life environments of the citizens. Zandiye complex of shiraz, which is a special kind of cultural landscape within the urban environment; is going to be studied and instructions based on the regeneration would be presented to improve the quality of the citizen’s life in this urban complex. The effects of this complex on Shiraz are so that it has defined a part of the identity of this city during the history, because the national and religious ceremonies have been held in this complex. Regardless of the vastness and importance of the Karimkhan complex of buildings due to the diverse and new functions, the zand street passing through the complex and some social-cultural issues, have affected the living quality and sustainable presence of the citizens; So a qualitative coordinator design seems to be very essential. It is obvious that the improvement of the quality of life in the cultural landscape in urban space needs to have access to the criteria’s and conditions which meet the consent of the citizen by providing their spiritual and non-spiritual requirements. The investigation procedure of this paper is based on the descriptive-analytic research method or the historical case study approach. The resources of this research are libraries and field observations.

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This study aimed to investigate the impact transformational leadership on knowledge workers' organizational behavior citizenship in Iran’s National Oil Company. The research method was descriptive-correlative. 97 experts working at staff Units of Iran’s oil Company were selected, using census method. In order to collect data, two questionnaires were used.1- Bass and Avalio’s transformational leadership questionnaire (a=. /78), 2- Podsakoff’s OCB questionnaire (a=. /89). To analyze data, Pearson’s correlation and structural equation model were used. The finding showed that there was a positive relationship between organizational behavior citizenship with transformational leadership and its components: Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration. The findings also showed that there was a positive relationship between all components of transformational leadership (i.e., Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration) and components of organizational citizenship behavior (i.e., conscientiousness, courtesy, sportsmanship and altruism). The finding structural equation model showed that transformational leadership impact on organizational behavior citizenship in Iran’s National Oil Company. key word: transformational leadership , organizational behavior citizenship, Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration, Iran’s National Oil Company key word: transformational leadership , organizational behavior citizenship, Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration, Iran’s National Oil Company key word: transformational leadership , organizational behavior citizenship, Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration, Iran’s National Oil Company

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Introduction:
Cities, as the main areas of human life, consist of components and elements such as open and public spaces. Today, advances in digital technology in various fields, including public spaces, have had a tremendous impact.
Aim:
The purpose of this study is to address the impact and effects that cyberspace has on public spaces and their presence.
Materials and Method:
Based on its objectives, the research is fundamental and is in the category of descriptive and explanatory-analytical studies. After reviewing the basics related to smart city and public spaces by referring to valid documents and texts, the impact of cyberspace on urban public spaces has been considered and according to the criteria of presence in space, 100 questionnaires of Tehran citizens have been completed and analyzed.
Findings:
Findings show that most people use cyberspace as a stimulus and tool to be in public and not as a competitor to not be in public. However, this trajectory in Iran is close to the average because some people (older or with special characteristics) still use cyberspace and the mentioned technologies in a more limited way.
Results:
The results show that cyberspace serves citizens as a stimulus to increase their presence in public spaces. Therefore, it is necessary for urban planners to try to improve services and use cyberspace and technology as a tool to facilitate the presence in cyberspace.

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One of the new subjects in the domain of organizational behavior is the concept of spiritual intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior .In fact, this intelligence is the one which enables a person to make his activities and works meaningful and by dint of that, he becomes aware of his effectiveness. Spiritual intelligence, due to its connection with meaning and value, can cause a change in human beings. On the other hand, organizational citizenship behavior defines extra- role behavior which will be appeared in terms of altruism, working conscientiousness, courtesy, sportsmanship and civic virtue. Hence, in this research the concept of spiritual intelligence and its relationship with organizational citizenship behavior has been investigated. Pursuing this relationship is a brand new subject which has not been under investigation in Iran up to now. In this research 70 questionnaires were distributed to statistical community and were collected and then the results were analyzed by SPSS program. The result obtained from the Spearman Correlation Test reveals that, there is a meaningful positive relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior. In fact, there is a meaningful positive relationship between spiritual intelligence variable and aspects of altruism, working conscientiousness, sportsmanship and civic virtue. Also in order to ranking the components of organizational citizenship behavior was used the Friedman Test that the results indicate consciousness have the highest and courtesy have the lowest rank among the components of citizenship behavior.  

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Generally speaking, globalization has confronted urban life and city management as well as citizenship to many key socio-cultural problems such as citizenship identity crisis. From this respect, the socio-politico-cultural relationships between urban management and urban citizenry have changed and weakened through urban globalization, on the other hand, they have positive outcomes in the context of urban localization or urban glocalisation at the same time. Therefore, in this paper, we attempted to explore four aspects of this urban problem: historical and conceptual schema of citizenship; citizenship politics at urban settings; urban citizenship theory and finally, urban citizenship policies as cultural urban experiences.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in Supplying Automotive Carts Company (SAPCO). By conceptualizing and operationalizing OCB as extra-role and voluntarily discretionary performance directed to individual (OCBI) and organization (OCBO), empirical results showed that Leader-member Exchange (LMX), Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Psychological Contract Violation (PCV), and Job Involvement (JI) can somehow be viewed as an antecedents of OCB. Only PCV and JI didn’t support OCBI. Also, OCBO had significantly positive impact On Intention to Leave (OtL), but OCBI not. General implication of results is that social exchange theory, especially reciprocity norm can be a good framework for explaining OCB antecedents. However, this is modified regarding some part of PCV.  Also, doing or not doing OCBI cannot be a good symbol for turnover intention.  

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Background and Aim: Problems such as less working and aggression in organizations force organizations to reduce these behaviors and increase behaviors that are beneficial such as productivity for organization. One of the elements that create benefits like productivity in organization is Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The purpose of this research is Organizational Citizenship Behavior factor linkage appointment with human resources productivity among selected Hospitals of Tehran Medical Sciences University and Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences University. Method and material: This research is done in six selected Hospitals of Tehran Medical Sciences University and Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences University .The data are collected by distributing questionnaires among 429 staff of the hospitals via random 2-stage Sampling method. The research methodology is cross-sectional- descriptive and the type of research is a field study. In order to confirm or reject research hypotheses, we use Spearman Correlations and regression in SPSS software [version 16]. Results: The findings show that in personnels’ point of view, there is a significant correlation between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and staff's productivity in  

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This study investigated the structural model of the effect of perception and attitude on social responsibility, organizational identity, and organizational citizenship behavior in sports and youth departments. The methodology was a descriptive survey that was conducted in the field. The statistical population was all employees of sports and youth departments of Khorasan Razavi province (180 people). The sampling method was counting. The research tool was Barrantes's‎ (2012) research questionnaire. Twelve professors of sports management confirmed the face and content validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.83, which indicates the appropriate reliability of the measurement tool. A structural equation modeling approach with PLS 2 software was used to analyze the data. Based on the results, the perception of social responsibilities has a positive and significant effect on social responsibility, organizational identity, and organizational citizenship behavior. Also, the attitude towards social responsibilities positively affects organizational identity, which has a positive and significant effect on employee citizenship behavior. According to the results, performing social responsibility and creating a positive perception and attitude towards it in employees can effectively strengthen the organizational identity of employees and their organizational citizenship behavior.

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Statement Problem: Public service management in urban areas has become a determining factor in attracting and organizing the population. Proper management of this is essential to achieving citizen satisfaction. Meeting the expectations of people visiting a city is very important, because it can be decisive in deciding to stay in that place. Citizens' attachment to a city depends on adequate provision of public services.
Aim: This study examines the mental factors affecting citizens' satisfaction with municipal services. Three factors are considered: attachment to the place, quality of life and communication between the municipality and the citizens.
Methods: This study is based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. The conceptual framework has been developed using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Results: The results showed that communication has the greatest impact on public service satisfaction (total direct and indirect effects= 0.938), followed by quality of life (total effects= 0.315) and finally, attachment to the city (Indirect effect= 0.256) are.
Conclusion: Therefore, municipalities in order to communicate more efficiently and faster with citizens in Tabriz should use technological systems and create the necessary activities on them so that they can communicate effectively with citizens. In addition, public institutions should not use these tricks for irregular events or limited time periods such as elections.
 

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Statement Problem: The discourse model of participatory design is proposed in the world as a solution for the redesign of urban contexts. Extensive destructions in the historical contexts of Iran are due to the lack of implementation of the urban design discourse.
Aim: This research explores the pattern of discourse creation in participatory design with the approach of citizenship education in the historical context of Kazerun.
Methods: The qualitative research approach was coded by categorizing the clusters of the participating community and snowball sampling into 3 open, axial and selective categories, then it was interpreted with the content analysis technique.
Results: The categories extracted from the interviews were included in 7 axial factors and in 2 selective reasons, including residents' ignorance and incorrect urban management.
Conclusion: Considering the effective factors in the citizens' ignorance (lack of understanding of the characteristics of the context, social and economic factors), the urban designer as a facilitator, at the beginning with the aim of making the participants aware of the historical context and creating a context for central participation, provided citizenship education then with preliminary education Urban design helps to turn the proposal into the ideas of the participants. Then moderates the ideas and codifies them in the form of integrated and comprehensive policies and helps the city management to communicate the implementation policies of participatory urban design and solve the problems caused by incorrect policies in the field of urban management, economic, design and security.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of personality traits and organizational climate on organizational citizenship behavior in the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Mazandaran province. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey regarding data collection of correlation type. The statistical population of the research consisted of all the administrative staff of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Mazandaran province, numbering 164 people, which was considered as a sample using the census method of the whole community(N=n=164) and was conducted in the field. Standard questionnaires of organizational citizenship behaviors, personality traits, and organizational climate were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Data analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between personality traits and organizational citizenship behaviors, and among the dimensions of personality traits, extroversion, receptiveness, conscientiousness, and acceptance of experience had a positive and significant relationship with organizational citizenship behaviors. The findings also showed a positive and significant relationship between organizational climate, its five components, and organizational citizenship behavior. According to the results of the research, it can be suggested to the officials of the organization that by creating a positive organizational atmosphere and clarity of purpose and more interaction of employees and administrative units with each other in organizations and also considering personality dimensions as one of the selection factors of employees in organizational positions along with other factors Selectively focus on creating, maintaining and increasing organizational citizenship behaviors.
 

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Bakhshi.A.

                                                                    
 
Abstract
This paper deals with the influence of Koranic tales on Molavi as witnessed in his story titled the Villager and the Citizen which comes in Part III of the Masnavi. It addresses Molavi’s pattern-based approach in adopting basic intellectual models from the holy Koran as well as his use of these “ideal patterns” and “paradigms” in developing the said story and decoding its constituent elements while presenting moral, social and epistemological propositions. This is viewed as a unique approach in research on Molavi.
   The conclusion is that Molavi has widely exploited the Koranic tales as paradigms to develop his stories and parables and achieve his main aim, that is to teach moral lessons. This influence is so great that it may not be reduced to “association of ideas” or “system of allusions”.
 
 

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Introduction
The review of urban development plans in Iran in the horizon indicates that a large part of the proposals and estimates in the horizon of this plan have not been realized. One of the main reasons for the ineffectiveness of these plans is the way they face the property rights. A right that is recognized in the country of Iran and based on Islamic law and Sharia; Therefore, it is necessary to examine this topic from the perspective of Islamic thought. Among the emerging ideas in the field of urban planning in the west is the transfer of development right (TDR) approach.
This idea was proposed for the first time in order to preserve cultural heritage in America. But is this approach, which is used in urban plans in recent decades in Iran, is expanding and has its roots in Western thought, can it be the answer of Iranian Islamic society? Therefore, in this research, the main goals are, 1. Obtaining the framework of the concepts of rights and the transfer of property development based on religious texts, jurisprudential principles and documentary sources.
2. Adapting and reviewing the legal status of owners in the TDR approach is from the perspective of Islamic thought. In this research, while examining the three dimensions, jurisprudence, ethics and law in the approach of transfer of development rights and the compliance of laws related to urban development plans with Islamic jurisprudence and the approach of transfer of development rights, it is tried to make suggestions to benefit from the jurisprudence/ethical rule based To be presented on Islamic thought in urban development plans.
Methodology
This research is applied and developmental in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in nature. This research is carried out in two stages, first by using documentary studies and existing information resulting from the implementation experiences of urban plans, the legal status of ownership and transfer of the right to development is examined, and in the next stage through studies of religious texts and Shariathe framework of property rights in the religion of Islam is explored.
So, the right of ownership in Islam and Islamic thought, focusing on the principle of subordination, is examined in comparison with the right to transfer ownership in the TDR approach, and suggestions are made for the integration of legal structures and the Islamic system in the field of ownership in order to increase the realization of projects. Urban development is provided.
Result and discussion
The transfer of development rights (TDR) approach was first considered in New York City and in the United States, the possibility of moving and the right to transfer a license plate to the adjacent license plate in the Zoning Law of 1916a. Based on this plan, the owners were given permission to sell their vertical development right to adjacent land plates, and the parts receiving this right would have the possibility of violating the construction height limit and setback requirements. Various issues are involved in the TDR approach, such as development right, development value, and service recipient and service provider areas.
By using the development right transfer approach, the owners of sensitive natural lands, farms, as well as historical and important areas can receive their losses through the sale of their transferable development TDR and voluntarily develop their property in the future.
Regarding the jurisprudential aspect of the transfer of development rights, according to the perspective of personal partial dispossession in Islam, people are free to own their property, but according to the interests of the society, some of these rights are deprived by law and government. Regarding the next aspect of citizenship rights, citizenship and ownership, which are considered among new concepts in the West today and are trying to achieve the rights of owners and citizens, are explicitly mentioned in Islam.
Regarding the moral aspect, Imam Khomeini mentioned that man is the essence of all beings and the essence of the whole world. The mission of the prophets is to actualize this potential extract. The effort of all prophets is to create social and inner justice in humans. Justice is the direct path of human progress to divine perfection. In practice, the limits of ownership and the amount of consumption should be based on right and justice and in the direction of maximum productivity and growth and ensuring social justice.
In Iran, the renovation and improvement of dilapidated urban structures as a problem with different social, economic, legal and technical dimensions has been included in the programs of the government and municipalities since the early 1980s. At the same time as drawing attention to this category on a national scale and in the form of by-laws and laws, Tehran Municipality has also started planning and intervening in these fields since 2013.
The actions of the Tehran City Renewal Organization show that at the beginning in 2012 with the construction plan of the eastern highway edge which was a program based on acquisition, demolition and reconstruction, in the years 2018 and 2019 in the form of setting up facilitation offices and based on Social actions crystallized. Previously, experiences in the field of intervention in urban contexts, especially worn-out contexts, were carried out with the approach of improving physical and functional conditions and without paying attention to other aspects of the issue.
This is despite the fact that the basis of the concept of citizenship rights in the Islamic city is the people. In fact, the role of people in all areas of urban development plans should be considered. The plan must satisfy the people involved in the plan, and one of the most important examples of this is the way of bringing together the owners in connection with the occupation of lands and properties in order to achieve the goals of collective development. It is obvious that a process that starts with the creation of dissatisfaction among the beneficiaries of the project is not based on the principles of Islam and jurisprudence.
Conclusion
Islam is the religion of justice, equality and right orientation, and by relying on Islamic jurisprudence, important rules can be extracted and explained in the field of urban issues. The rules of submissiveness, harmlessness and expediency are among the most important jurisprudential principles that must be observed in Islamic urban planning in Iran in order to maintain and control the family foundation, stability of ownership, and respect for citizens. Also, the main condition for validating urban development plans is their compatibility with the approved laws of the country.
Most of the specialized laws approved in the field of urban development and construction, including the Law of Municipalities (1960), the Civil and Urban Renovation Law (1968), etc., are related to the Pahlavi era, and these laws have not been corrected or updated over time. It is possible to achieve this goal in the form of adding notes to the articles of the previous laws, or canceling the previous laws and approving new laws. Islam is the religion of justice, equality and peaceful coexistence.
If the above laws are revised in accordance with the jurisprudential-ethical principles of the Islamic religion and the patterns considered for acquisition have the least amount of intervention and also the full satisfaction of the owners whose property is placed in the path of development plans, It is possible to observe the fulfillment of Islamic rules in the cities. Therefore, the following comprehensive suggestions are presented in order to achieve this goal.
- Avoid urban development plans that only exist with an economic and material view of land, buildings, and people's livelihood.
- Avoid large-scale decision-making and interventions.
- It is necessary to review and update the laws related to construction and development in line with the speed of development and complexity in cities. Including in the applicable laws that were approved before the Islamic Revolution era.
- Based on moral jurisprudence rules, a set of rights should be included in the laws and decisions should be made based on them, such as ownership citizenship rights, business and profession rights, water and flower rights, agricultural right.

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One of the most important aspects of presence of citizens in urban spaces, that enhances their vitality and their effective social roles, is “moving on foot”. Nowadays, in many urban spaces, motion of a large number of citizens, who like to walk here and there in the cities, is affected by various factors. Dissatisfaction of pedestrians due to the limitation of urban spaces has a relationship with the violation of their rights. Citizenship rights, is one of the issues to be considered in Islam and is highly encouraged in respecting human values. A citizen, is an official member of a city, state or country and because of that, there are rights and responsibilities for him/her that have been assigned in law. In fact, citizenship right is a combination of duties and responsibilities of citizens in relation to each other, to the local and to the national government. In Islam, the rights and responsibilities that are known as the citizens’ rights are indigenous with the laws and regulations that have been known and assigned as Islamic human rights. These rights that must be strongly respected by Muslims, include civil, human, social, political, cultural and judicial rights. By studying some samples of justice in the Holy Qur’an, one can notice that “justice” involves all the issues which related to human beings. Some of the meanings of justice in Qur›an which have connection with citizenship rights in Muslim community include: placing everything in their right places, proper and accurate application of everything, respect for individual rights and the prevention of injury and trespassing, saving and prevention extremes, equality with other people and prevention and prohibition of superiority. Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) also mentioned justice as a factor for protecting and defending human beings’ right. He emphasized justice as the main criterion for all individual, social, moral, material, physical, spiritual, political and non-political rights. In this article, citizenship right is discussed from the perspective of justice in Islam. Justice is an important factor in the formation of the Islamic city. City is a complex structure that in every moment is influenced by three factors, «body or the built form», «population» and «social relations». So, establishment of justice in Islamic city is the function of (1) establishment of justice in the physical framework of a city, (2)fairly citizens use of urban facilities, (3) establishment of justice regarding to the citizens’ cultural aspects and issues (4) establishment of justice in the behavior of citizens with the physical framework of the city. The balance of the city framework, justice in the rational provision and distribution of municipal facilities, with access to the city authorities, fighting against oppression, good placement of urban facilities and their proximity and accessibility are all the signs of justice in urban scale. But in small-scale there are principles that following them, shows the importance of respecting pedestrians› rights and social justice, such as respect for human worth and dignity, good proportionality between dimensions of space and the characteristics of mental and physical organism of the human body, making the relationship between nature and human, and respect for other people, “La zarar va La zerar rule in Islam”, individual privacy, creating visual beauty and many other issue of these kinds. This study sought to evaluate the impact of these factors in violation of the rights of pedestrians, in the study area (intersection of Jalal Ale Ahmad and Chamran Highway to Kargar-e-shomali Street and Fatemi Intersection) as one of the areas with high pedestrian traffic. The statistical population of this study are the pedestrians who use these paths (the study area) at different times of the day and night. Research methodology is analytical-explanatory and based on field study. So on the basis of pedestrians and authorities views that was found through the researchand the principles of justice in Islam in relation to citizenship rights, six sets of criteria for the analysis citizenship rights of pedestrianscan be defined: Continuity, short distances, beauty, security, safety and comfort.A hierarchical model which intends to determine and analyze the factors that affect the rights of pedestrians in the study area has been used as well as “Expert Choice” software to evaluate the model. The results were obtained for the measures, on the basis of priority including security, safety, short distances, comfort, continuity and beauty. This means that in the study area, security had the greater role on the rights of pedestrians, and beauty has the least importance than others. On the basis of the principles of justice in Islam in relation to rights of citizens and with the issues which obtained in technical studies and expert opinions, the criteria which can affect pedestrian rights were found. For analysis of data, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, and for the importance of options, a questionnaire have been used. “Delphi Method” was also used to evaluate the importance of the criteria and sub criteria. AHP, according to its special features in the issues related to urban planning is a useful and desirable application. It is useful because it prepared a context for analysis and conversion of complex issues to a logical and simple hierarchy, thus planners can evaluate options with criteria and sub criteria. In addition, it also helps in analyzing the compatibility review in judgments. Given that most issues in urban planning and design can be studied through qualitative and quantitative indicators, the possibility of simultaneous use of both qualitative and quantitative criteria in AHP method made it a powerful tool for analyzing urban issues. Flexibility, ease of calculation and the possibility of final rankings also are other advantages of AHP method which can help in the investigation of Issues in urban planning. So, citizenship rights as a manifestation of the principle of justice in the Muslim community should be considered in Islamic cities. The results of the research show that urban management is the most important factor in relation with violation and defense of pedestrians’ rights. Other factors are: the way people behave in adjacent spaces, the behavior of the owners of vehicles and the behavior of other users at the urban spaces. Security is also the most important factor for pedestrians, the lack of it, is a type of violation of their rights. The current problematic situation of pedestrians’ rights is the result of years’ lack of planning and implementing the rights of individuals to neglect issues of implementation of the management system, but the planners and designers can enhance the present situation through a integrated comprehensive and coordinated planning. This program should be associated with all aspects of planning, design and management of the system. Thus, the crucial role of urban management in connection with the rights of pedestrians in designing new cities, in regularization of towns, in allocating of funds for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of urban road networks and the regulation of urban laws (like appropriate legislation and ordinances to bring about the changes in the culture of citizens who are either walking or riding in urban spaces), as the main tools for managing short and average trips within the city, and the most appropriate manner, must have the highest priority.

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Employees form an image of an organization's support and as results, attention to organizational goals and their realization. Their psychological empowerment allows organizations to be more flexible and responsive to changes. On the other hand, organizations need employees who are willing to step beyond the formal requirements of a job. Due to importance of these factors, this study examines the relationship between psychological empow­erment on job performance, with organizational citizenship behavior as a mediator. Statistical population is employees of Alborz Insurance Branches in Tehran that are a total of 270. The simple random sampling used and according to Cochran formula a sample of 159 were selected. To collect required data, a standard ques­tionnaire of Chiang and Hsieh (2012) was used. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling based on Lisrel was used to assess the structural mo­del. Results of testing hypotheses suggest that OCB mediate the relationship betw­een psychological empowerment and job performance and perceived organi­zational support has effect on job performance, but this effect was not accepted on OCB. Also, psychological empowerment has effect on job performance and OCB, and OCB has effect on job performance. 

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Mohammad Jafar Habibzadeh Associate Professor, Department of Law, Tarbiat Modares University Ali Hossein Najafi Abrand Abadi Associate Professor, Department of Law, Shahid Beheshti University Kiomarth Kalantary Ph.D. Student of Criminal Law, Tarbiat Modares University Although the penal law is a necessity for a society, the consequences of its approval and execusion can not be overlooked. This is because, every penal law, with all it's advantages, limits people's freedom and increases the power of the State, which results in the vulnerability of the people against the government human beings, by nature, like to have freedom without limitation, Whereas in a social system the state allows people to enforce their freedom within the established limits, if criminal laws , are not of the right qualifications and if they are in congruent With the natural rights of human beings, clashes between the people and the government will be inevitable. To solve this problem, a criminal sanction should be chosen as the final solution. Notwithstanding this, today the legislator in Iran passes numerous penal laws without paying attention to their efficiency and consequences. More specifically, the legislator has passed more than 245 substative penal laws from 1358 (1979) to 1378( 1999) and if we add jurisprudences issued by the Supreme court and the provisions ratified by Cultural Revolution High Counsil regarding the criminal regulations, the quantity will be even greater. Therefore, this paper attempts to discuss overcriminalisation, its causes and its consequences in Iranian legal system.

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By the increasing development of urbanization in Iran and the urban population increase namely in Tehran Metropolis, we are faced with the increase of citizens demands. Thus, we cannot ignore environment and familiarity with the environment variables, the lack of consideration of cities capacity, the lack of consideration of the condition of each effective variable lead into some problems including poverty, unemployment, inflation, environment pollution, destruction of infrastructures and conflict. Also, they influence the political management, social and economic resources management, formulation of executive policies, urban planning and etc. Normally managers take centralized decision making approach to eliminate the negative effects and try to control the conditions and this issue creates new challenges. Therefore, urban management should consider basic solutions to urban problems. Thus, good urban governance is introduced as a paradigm in cities management in which the government, citizens and private sectors participate in a horizontal and super department process. The criteria of good urban governance are based on 7 key principles including: sustainability, efficiency, equity, participation, responsiveness and accountability, security and decentralization. The present study determined and introduced good urban governance indices and presented a model of evaluation of the indices, then, some recommendations were proposed to increase the indices to improve and optimize the current condition performance.

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Aims: Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Organizational Justice (OJ) improve the effectiveness of work groups, in which they are exhibited. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational justice among Textile Industries’ Employees of Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Instrument and Methods: The population of the present descriptive-survey study, which was conducted in 2015, comprised 180 employees of Textile’ Industries in Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, using simple random sampling method. The employees who participated in this study were asked to complete 3 questionnaires, containing demographic questions, OCB (Mark´oczy and Xin,), and OJ (Fernandes and Awamleh,). The data were analyzed by SPSS 19 and LISREL 8.54 software, using Pearson Correlation Test (PCT) and Goodness-of-Fit indices.
Findings: There was a positive and significant correlation between OJ and its dimensions and employee’s OCB (r=0.560; p<0.01) and its dimensions, indicating that the employees, who perceived their organization, managers, and supervisor’s gestures fairly, represented high levels of organizational citizenship behaviors. Given the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) normal χ2 and indices of GFI, CFI (comparative fit index), NFI (normed fit index), and IFI (incremental fit indices) showed high fitness of model and that the associations between variables were logical according to theoretical of the study.
Conclusion: Organizational justice has a direct and positive effect on employees’ organizational citizenship behavior.