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A solid state fermentation method was developed for the production of citric acid from date pulp (obtained of date syrup production from the process) by Aspergillus niger PTCC 5010. Poor yield was obtained when potassium ferrocyanide treated date pulp were used as substrate, but methanol at a 3-4% concentration markedly increased the forma-tion of citric acid from the waste. The optimum range of pH and moisture for citric acid production were 3.5-4.5, and 70-80% respectively. This method produced about 168g cit-ric acid per kg of date pulp under optimum conditions. On the basis of reducing sugar consumed, the yield was 87% within eight days.

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Research subject: One of the major problems we face with the growth of various industries around the world is the environmental pollution of heavy metals. One of the most toxic heavy metals that is problematic even at low concentrations is Cr (IV).
Research approach: In this study, the removal of this toxic heavy metal was investigated with high efficiency by UIO-66-MnFe2O4-TiO2 magnetic adsorbent. For this purpose, magnetic nanocomposite (UIO-66-MnFe2O4-TiO2) was synthesized based on metal-organic framework (MOF) for adsorption of Cr (IV). The choice of the hydrothermal method for the synthesis of UIO-66 in addition to its simplicity resulted in the production of pure and efficient UIO-66, which produced very high efficiency during the experiments. MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were used to magnetize the adsorbent. To increase the magnetic properties and increase the loading efficiency of the MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, TiO₂ nanoparticles were used to increase the loading rate on the adsorbent. XRD, SEM, FT-IR, BET, VSM and EDX tests were used to the characterization of the adsorbent properties.
Main results: Effect of four effective variables during adsorption experiments such as adsorbent content (0.05 to 0.25 g), pH (2 to 6), adsorption time (15 to 75 min), initial metal ion concentration (200 to 1000 mg / l) at five levels (+2 to +2) were investigated using experimental design with response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). The best conditions were determined for the independent variables for the initial metal concentration of 552 mg /l. The optimum pH was obtained 4 during the experiment. Finally, the optimum values were achieved for adsorption parameters such as adsorption time and adsorbent amount were 42.3 min and 0.143 gr, respectively, and also the maximum adsorption rate was obtained 98%. Investigation of the adsorption isotherm kinetics showed that the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm fit the Cr (IV) data well. After the adsorption process, the adsorbent can be removed from the environment by a magnetic field.

 

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The species of Notanisus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Cleonyminae) from Iran were revised. Four Palaearctic species are recognized: N. clavatus Bouček, N. oulmesiensis (Delucchi), N. vanharteni Gibson and N. versicolor Walker; including one species with macropterous male and the rests with macropterous females. Of which, N. oulmesiensis and N. versicolor are new records for Iran. The species are briefly described based on available materials, illustrated through macrophotography, and their distributions in Iran was mapped.

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This article continues the unfinished discussion of Tzvetan Todorov on the classification of ‘unreal literature’ in the West by expanding his idea about surrealist story as a genre. After defining the term surrealist story and its theory, the authors, drawing on the hypothesis that surrealism is an ancient phenomenon, analyze the components and atmosphere of a selection of mystical anecdotes. The results indicate that the surreal works in the East and the West, from the ancient times, have been grounded on similar theories and comparable elements.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic, Pediococcus acidilactici (CNCM-MA 18/5 M, Lallemand, France) in concentrations of T1: 1 × 10⁹, T2: 2× 10⁹ and T3: 3×10⁹  cfu / kg of diet on changes some hematological parameters of bream fry (Abramis brama orientalis, Berg 1949) in comparison with diet control, C, (untreated) for 60 days. One hundred eighty Bream fry with randomly in initial weight of 2.69± 0.22 g divided in 12 fiberglass tanks (110 L) and offered feed at 3-5% body weight, daily. At the end of the trial blood parameters measured. The total number of red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin and white blood cells levels showed a significant increase in treatment fed with 2× 10⁹  cfu probiotic per kilogram of diet (P<0.05).  Indifferential white blood cell(WBC) count, the number of neutrophils and monocytes, and lymphocytes increased significantly in treatments fed with probiotics. The highest increase in neutrophils and monocytes, and the highest decrease in lymphocytes observed in T₃ (3× 10⁹ cfu kg^-1). According to the results, it concluded that adding probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici to the fry bream (Abramis brama orientalis, Berg 1949) diet, increase blood parameters related to red blood cells (RBC), diseases resistance and improve non specific immune response in bream.
According to the results, it concluded that adding probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici to the fry bream (Abramis brama orientalis Berg 1949) diet, increase blood parameters related to red blood cells (RBC), diseases resistance and improve non specific immune response in bream.

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Aims: Clinical teaching would provide an opportunity for the students to turn their theoretical knowledge into various mental, psychological, and motor skills, which are necessary for taking care of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between students’ learning styles and their preferred method of teaching and the teaching methods of faculty members in clinical teaching.
Instruments & Methods: In this descriptive study, 180 samples were selected, using simple randomized sampling method from nursing and midwifery students of Isfahan Azad University in 2016. The data were collected by the standard questionnaire of Kalb and the questionnaire of Musa-pour teaching method. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20, using Chi-square test and McNamar’s test.
Findings: There was a significant difference between the performed style of the professors and the preferred style of the students (p<0.001). A significant relationship was found between the learning styles and the students’ preferred style (p=0.03); the preferred style of student-oriented was more observed in convergent and attractive learning styles than the other 2 learning styles.
Conclusion: The preferred and appropriate clinical teaching style for nursing and midwifery majors is student-oriented style, but most of the professors use the teacher-oriented approach.

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Research subject: Because of the rising global demand for propylene, various extensive studies and research have been done in order to develop alternative ways that are both more energy-efficient and require less energy. In this research, CuBTC is used as a manganese catalyst base in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to produce propylene. The wet impregnation method is used to manufacture the catalysts.
Research approach: Wet impregnation is used to prepare the catalysts, which is a step in the manufacturing process. Analyses such as FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, and EDX are used to examine and describe catalysts that have been created. On the basis of the central composition method, we have investigated the impacts of reaction temperature, manganese loading percentage, oxygen-to-propylene ratio, and their interactions on the synthesis of propylene in this study. The central composite method's input parameters include manganese concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 percent, a propane-to-oxygen ratio ranging from 1 to 3 percent, and a temperature ranging from 140 to 280 degrees Celsius.
Main results: After that, it is shown that the projected models for propane conversion, propylene selectivity, and oxidative dehydrogenation efficiency percentage are about 95 percent based on reactor testing and evaluation of the Design-Expert software results. It was possible to improve the efficiency of the oxidation dehydration process by 4.9 percent by using a conversion percentage of 28.38 percent, a selectivity of 18.14 percent at 278 degrees Celsius, a metal oxide loading of 3.74 percent, and propane to oxygen ratio of 1.5 percent. When laboratory data were compared to predicted data, the correlation coefficient was 93% in favor of the laboratory data.
 

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The goal of this article is to demystify the press texts and discover their hidden layers of meaning in the framework of critical discourse analysis. To do so, using socio-semantic features of Van Leeuwen's model (1996), 40 numbers of four Iranian Persian publications of a two–month period, from July 22 to September 21, 2011 were studied qualitatively. The data analysis results indicated that the ideology dominating the minds of writers and groups is reflected in the text using discursive features as personalization, impersonalization, activation, backgrounding, etc., and the linguistic realization of discursive structures is performed using linguistic structures as nominalization, pre-modifiers, active versus passive structures, coordination, etc. in the texts. Also there is a dialectic relationship between discursive structures and ideology, which can be determined by studying these structures in the texts and social institutions.

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The hymenopteran family Platygastridae is a large group of parasitic wasps. A survey was carried out on the subfamily Sceliotrachelinae (Hym.: Platygastridae) in East Azerbaijan and Fars provinces of Iran. The genus Fidobia Ashmead and three species, Allotropa conventus Maneval, Fidiobia hofferi Kozlov and Isolia mongolica (Kozlov) are newly recorded from Iran. Illustrations of the morphological characteristics and their geographical distribution are presented.

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Research subject: Poly (2-oxazoline) (PEOX) polymers are a family of synthetic macromolecules with biodegradable and biocompatible features. They resemble polypeptides in structure and therefore, have recently taken put to use in drug delivery. Nonetheless, these polymers suffer from relatively low thermal and mechanical performance and thus are reinforced with nanoparticles as nanocomposites. The molecular details of the reinforcement mechanism of PEOX have not yet been elucidated.
Research approach: This research work was done to reach an understanding on interaction of 2-oxazoline-based polymers with 2D nanoscale reinforcements and to shed light on the mechanism of reinforcing the respective nanocomposites. To this end, conformation and dynamics of poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), as a known representative member of this family, near a functionalized graphene nanosheet were studied via classical molecular dynamics for a period of 10 ns. The effects of various temperatures and polymer chain lengths on polymer conformation and dynamics were assessed.
Main results: Molecular dynamics snapshots exhibited effective interaction of the polymer chain with the graphene nanosheet leading to adsorption, whereby conformation and dynamics of the chain underwent transition. The adsorbed polymer chain adopted a flat, folded arrangement parallel with the graphene plane. Also, the gyration radius was found to increase, when the polymer chain approached the graphene nanosheet. Pair correlation function curves revealed that the adsorption correlation length was on the order of the repeating unit end-to-end distance. Mean-square-displacement of the polymer chain decreased as it moved towards graphene. An increase in temperature led to a change in structure and dynamics of the adsorbed polymer chain.
 

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This paper uses the theory of "the implied reader in the book" by Aiden Chambers to analyze two of Ahmadi's latest works, "The butterfly had fallen asleep on my pillow" and "The girl, the fish, and the loneliness". To know the implied reader and his/her characteristics, Chambers suggests studying the four factors of style, point of view, partialityand and empty spaces. These factors play an important role in children's books and help the author communicate with the reader. The results show the implied readers in his books are thoughtful and capable children with pure imaginations and innovative souls who are able to enjoy the beauties of the story and discover the hidden concepts in it. Also the depth and complexity in Ahmadi's books provoke the adults and the young adults to read and enjoy his works. Keywords: Aidan Chambers, Ahmadreza Ahmadi, Children Story, Implied Reader, The butterfly had fallen asleep on my pillow, The girl, the fish, and the loneliness.

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The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is a major pest of potato, both in the field and storehouses. In this study, we have evaluated the lethal effects and persistence of Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) pure (PEO) and nano-formulated essential oil (NFO) on different developmental stages (egg, male and female adults) of PTM. Essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Nanofibers were produced by electrospinning technique. The morphology of nanofibers was investigated by SEM. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to identify the characteristic functional groups in the PEO, nanofiber and PEO/NFO scaffold. Bioassays were performed in 250 ml glass jars. The essential oil consisted of α-Zingiberene as the most abundant component (14.21%), followed by Ar-curcumene (12.58%), β-sesquiphellandrene (12.48%) and cis-α-bisabolene (10.29%). The results of FTIR spectra showed the establishment of the functional groups of PEO on the structure of the nanofiber. The images of SEM also demonstrated the establishment of PEO in the structure of the nanofiber. LC50 values of PEO and NFO were estimated 75.44 and 30.24µl/l air for eggs, 19.08 and 10.28µl/l air for female adults, and 17.76 and 9.56µl/l air for male adults, respectively. Persistence data showed that nano-formulated essential oil (49 days) in comparison with pure essential oil (15 day) had longer persistence. The results demonstrated that Z. officinale PEO and its nano-formulation could play an important role as natural pesticides for the management of PTM.

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Backgrounds: A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread to all countries of the world, including Iran. Although anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may be identified in patients using immunological methods with sufficient sensitivity and specificity, the conclusive diagnosis of the disease is made using the molecular RT-PCR method. A population-based seroepidemiological survey was conducted to quantify the proportion of the exposed population with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and evaluate whether the antibodies are a marker of total or partial immunity compared to the population that remains susceptible to the virus.
Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Valiasr, Sajad, and Ghaem hospitals in Tehran, the capital of Iran, from April to the end of October 2020. Clotted and heparinized blood specimens (2mL) were collected from the patients. The serum and plasma were separated and stored at −80 °C until use. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies were examined in the serum samples of 1375 in-patients admitted to the hospitals using ELISA kits. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software Ver.22.0 by employing statistical tests such as Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. A p-value <.05 was considered as significant.
Findings: In total, 1375 participants were enrolled in this study, and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies were detected in 291 patients using IgM‐IgG antibody assay. Among the seropositive patients studied, 187 were male (64.3%), and 104 were female (35.7%) (p<.05). The mean age of the patients was 49±8.4 years; the majority of whom (27%) were in the age group of 31-40 years. Also, the lowest frequency of infected cases was related to the age group of 1-10 years (p <.05). The seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM or IgG antibodies was determined to be 21.2%. Diabetes mellitus was the most common underlying disease among SARS‐CoV‐2 patients [p=.05; Odd Ratio=1.61(0.90-2.91)].
Conclusion: The use of conventional serological assays, such as the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), for detecting specific IgM and IgG antibodies in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients has a high-throughput advantage while minimizing false-negative results obtained using the RT-PCR method. In this study, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was determined to be 21%. Control of diabetes, among other influential factors, plays an important role in the management and control of COVID-19.

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Aims: The present study investigated the effects of different levels using of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L., TM) on the growth and feed performance, body composition and digestive enzymes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.
Materials & Methods: Fish (8.58± 0.27 g) in a completely randomized design in 4 treatments and each with 3 replications. Rainbow trout with different levels of 0, 15, 30 and 60% diet (TM0, TM15, TM30 and TM60) (including 50% moisture) of live worm for 30 days. Data were analyzed by one-way (SPSS 17). When p values were significant (P<0.05), means were compared using Duncan's multiple-range test.
Findings: At the end of the experimental, there were significant difference between treatments in growth performance and feed utilization. The results revealed that fish growth parameters and efficiency of nutrient utilization tended to increase with increasing dietary TM levels from 0 to 60%. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was significantly reduced in fish fed the diet with the highest worm level (TM60). The treatments fed TM showed highest protein and lower lipid content compared to fish fed control diet.
The analysis of gastrointestinal enzymes showed that amylase, protease and lipase had a statistically significant difference between the control and other treatments. Protease and amylase activities were found to be significantly higher for fish fed the TM60 diet compared with fish fed TM0 diet.
Conclusion: The results showed that using 60% (TM60) of worm instead of the base diet can improve growth, carcass composition and digestive enzymes.

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The agromyzid leafminers, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and L. trifolii (Burgess) (Dip-tera: Agromyzidae) are major pests that attack vegetables in Varamin, Tehran Province. The parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) of these pests were investigated during 2003. The leafminer infested leaves were collected from different host plants, in particular cu-cumber (Cucumis sativus L.,) and preserved under laboratory conditions until the parasi-toids emerged. The vegetable leafminer were parasitized by an expected range of parasi-toids. The parasitoid species included Cirrospilus vittatus Walker, Hemiptarsenus zilahise-bessi Erdös, Closterocerus formosus Westwood, Diglyphus isaea (Walker), Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös. and Pnigalio sp. nr. pectinicornis. The most common species was D. isaea, followed by C. formosus and D. crassinervis. Although insecticides were applied con-tinuously for control of leafminers, the mean seasonal percentage of parasitism was 51.12%. The morphological characteristics of each species are given in brief.

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Influenced by the avant-gardism of his time, especially Expressionism and Surrealism, Hedayat in the Blind Owl chooses the horror genre, internal monologue, and a poetic structure to represent the psychology of the narrator. In this genre, the sense of fear and impending violence is often conveyed through the atmosphere of the story. The dominant ambience of the story is enhanced through not only direct description but also, and especially, the rhetorical figures such as simile and metaphor. In this article, I discuss what role these rhetorical techniques play in creating a suspenseful atmosphere of terror and emptiness the Blind Owl. This paper employs a formalist approach.

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Background and objective: VEP is a powerful method to study visual system via evaluating evoked potentials. Technologic and instrumental restrictions may be the reason of having studies on optical modulation and induction such as color, spatial frequency and contrast. Developments of computer software and hardware may lead to an increase in the flexibility of pattern designs. Material and methods: Visual psychophysical principles of color, spatial frequency and contrast was used to design patterns. Using the Delphi 5 package. Recording system and pattern reversing were synchronized by a software and some hardware components including an A/D, monostable and an extension Board. A trigger signal from a VEP system was used to change optical properties of patterns according to a definite algorithm. Results and conclusion: All of the optical parameters such as color, spatial frequency and contrast that have influence on visual evoked potentials can be changed independently or in an interactive manner by means of user friendly multiple windows and logical methods. Therefore, optical modulation and induction are made possible by this system. Temporal, spatial and contrast modulation can be carried out independently or dependently with a trigger signal from a VEP system. Dynamic interaction of optical parameters shows new horizons on VEP studies.

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In all types of literature, dreams and related phenomena are among the most important foundations of poets and writers, which have been viewed from different angles. In most cases, Rumi does not express his message naturally and is based on a structure based on linguistic habits and the Sufi system of thought. The dream is also intertwined in Rumichr's mind with a multifaceted attitude and finds a different manifestation every moment. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method and a library method, by examining Rumichr's lyric poems and Levinaschr's book "From Existence to Existence", the concept of a night owl and sleep aversion from the perspective of Rumi and Emmanuel Levinas from the perspective of the American school has been studied. The results of the study suggest that both thinkers believe that drowsiness is one of the first features in the course and behavior and the basis of movement. The invitation of Rumi and Levinas is an invitation to go beyond the situation of a captive human being in the world and to abandon theoretical customs and to engage in true conduct with the help of true awakening and to address the "other". Levinas substitutes another God for an infinite position, and in the opinion of another Rumi, the same is the beloved, and Shams in the position of the beloved is for Rumi a mixture of earthly and heavenly attributes and is similar to what Levinas says about another

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