---

Aims: One of the professional duties of nurses is providing the education needed to continue patients' medical treatment at home, influenced by their knowledge, skills, and attitudes. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of nurses and nursing students toward family drug education in pediatric wards.
Instruments & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 300 nurses and nursing students in the pediatric wards of hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Knowledge, skills, and attitudes of nurses and students concerning patient and family education in pediatric wards were assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software.
Findings: All nurses and students agreed with teaching families the safety tips of home medication, but only 60% of nurses and 65% of students agreed with teaching families about drug side effects. Also, there was a significant relationship between the viewpoints of nurses and students regarding the non-use of drugs in the case of teaching drug side effects to the family and their pharmacological knowledge and performance (p<0.05). Students’ knowledge and performance of home pharmaceutical care indicated statistically significant differences with nurses (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Knowledge of pharmaceutical care at home among nurses and students who do not have a positive attitude towards educating families in some areas is not satisfactory.

---

Aims: The high population growth is due to the high birth rate compared to the population death rate. Contraceptive methods have been presented to suppress population growth. This study aimed to analyze the effect of e-book-based learning media for family planning services on the knowledge of women of childbearing age.
Materials & Methods: The current study is a quasi-experimental study with one group design and pretest-posttest, which was conducted from January to November 2021. The study population was women of childbearing age, from which 120 women were randomly selected. The research variable was the knowledge of women of childbearing age, which was evaluated using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.
Findings: The mean level of knowledge before the intervention was 6.18±3.09, which reached 12.15±4.91 after the intervention, and this increase was significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: E-book-based learning media on contraceptive services significantly affects the knowledge of women of childbearing age in Penyengat Rendah Village, Jambi City.
 

---

Proverbs represent the ethnic culture of any society, and by reflecting on them, a deeper and clearer picture of that society can be achieved. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to compile and interpret a set of Balochi proverbs related to the values, beliefs and convictions of the Baloch people in the field of family and in particular gender relations. For this purpose, two methods of library and field studies have been used. We have also used an interpretive approach to analyze the research materials. The analysis of proverbs collected in this field, shows seven central categories: 1) Sovereignty and continuity of the patrilineal and patriarchal system; 2) Ethnocentric kinship and continuity of tribal structure; 3) Sanctifying and honoring the role of parents in the education and socialization of children; 4) Hospitality and the responsible social communication; 5) Respect to the elderly; 6) Emphasis on the importance of motherhood; 7) Looking at women in the shadow of men. Overall, the research findings show that among the Baloch people, due to the lack of widespread Balochi written language, popular literature and especially proverbs have a significant role in socialization, generational education, intergenerational transmission, identification, reproduction and strengthening of kinship and gender values; and in this sense, it is one of the cultural tools for preserving and perpetuating the identity and culture of the Baloch people.
 

---

Aims: The family is a support system in the service system for schizophrenia patients. Family-based psychological training for people suffering from auditory hallucinations has not yet been implemented, and no attention has been paid to auditory hallucination nursing. This study aimed to determine the effect of psycho-education enrichment on the family's ability to control hallucinations in Schizophrenia patients.
Materials & Methods: This study is a pre-experimental study with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. From a total of 1343 families of people suffering from auditory hallucinations, 30 people were selected by simple random sampling from Jambi Mental Hospital. The psycho-educational activity was conducted for three sessions of 90-120 minutes. All collected data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.
Findings: The mean age of the study participants was 45.2±13.6 years. After the intervention, the mean scores of knowledge (p<0.001), attitude (p<0.010), and skill (p<0.001) of participants significantly increased in the post-test compared to the pre-test.
Conclusion: Psycho-education interventions can improve the ability of families to control auditory hallucinations in family members with schizophrenia as part of nursing interventions.

 

---

Aims: Diabetes foot is a complication of diabetes mellitus that can be avoided by practicing proper foot care. This behavior is influenced by factors such as self-efficacy and family support. The presence of communication and language barriers between healthcare providers and patients with diabetes mellitus leads to difficulties in understanding diabetes education, which ultimately hinders self-care. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a community health worker intervention program on the self-efficacy and family support of patients with diabetes regarding foot care.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with a control group was conducted on 72 diabetes mellitus patients who were in the working area of the Lempake Primary Health Care Center, Samarinda City. The respondents were selected by purposive sampling method and divided into two groups, including the intervention group (n=36) and the control group (n=36). Data were collected using Foot Care Confident Scale and Family Support Questionnaire and were analyzed by Statistical tests.
Findings: There was a significant difference in the mean score of family support in the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.01). Meanwhile, for self-efficacy, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.48). However, significant differences were observed in self-efficacy and family support before and after the intervention (p<0.05). Whereas in the control group, there was no significant difference in self-efficacy and family support (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Community health worker intervention programs can increase family support and self-efficacy of diabetes mellitus patients in foot care.

---

Family, as a social institution or group, has been evolving throughout history. Evolution of family needs to be studied in order to understand its functions and structure. Unfortunately, the evolution of family during the long Iranian history has not been studied seriously. This paper is an effort to shed some light on the structure and functions of the Iranian family under Sassanids using documentary method. The findings reveal that the dominant form the family in this period was “extended family” which along with the religious and political institutions constructed the Sassanid society. The family structure in this era was patriarchal, polygamy was prevalent, and in-group marriages were preferred. The official religion of the empire, Zoroastrianism, viewed family as a sacred institution with its main function as reproduction. Other functions of the family were production and provision of economic support, socialization and education of offsprings, who had to inherit their father and mother’s jobs. Relatives of father, in this period, had superiority to the relatives of mother’s side, and the oldest son and his family lived with his parents.

---

Aims: Substance abuse in adolescents is caused by many factors, including family conflicts, negative parenting models, and family estrangement. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between resilience and family functioning with drug use risk behavior among adolescents in Limo District, Depok city, Indonesia.
Instruments & Methods: This descriptive correlational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on adolescents aged 10-15 years who lived in Limo District, Depok, Indonesia. 315 adolescents were selected by simple random sampling method. Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire was used to measure family resilience, and Family Assessment Device was used to measure family functioning. Data analysis was performed using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.
Findings: Family resilience (p=0.011) and family functioning (p=0.001) were significantly related to drug use risk behavior. Adolescents whose families have poor resilience are 1.694 times more likely to engage in risky drug behaviors than adolescents whose families have good resilience. Also, adolescents who have poor-functioning families are 2.054 times more at risk of risky drug behaviors than adolescents whose families function well.
Conclusion: Adolescents whose families have low resilience and whose families have poor functioning are 60.7% more likely to exhibit drug use risk behavior.

---

Aims: Evaluating diabetics’ health-promoting behaviors is an essential part of nursing care. This study aimed to examine the relationship between health-promoting behaviors and perceived social support from the family in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Instrument & Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected from a foundation university hospital in Tabriz, Iran. The sample consisted of 183 type 2 diabetes patients. Data were collected using the Perceived Social Support from Family and Health-Promoting Behaviors scales.
Findings: The average score of social support was 15.07±6.74 (range: 0 to 20), and the average score of health-promoting behaviors was 49.62±17.74 (range: 0 to 112). There was a significant and positive correlation between the scores of health-promoting behaviors and perceived social support (r=0.28, p<0.001). We predicted the changes in health-promoting behaviors based on the regression analysis of the changes in perceived social support from the family (B=0.563).
Conclusions: Family social support affects health-promoting behaviors in type 2 diabetes patients, and should be considered during interventions to improve health-promoting behaviors by nurses and other healthcare providers. We suggest other descriptive correlational studies with a higher sample size and interventional studies on this subject.
 

---

People usually associate power with military force, multinational corporations, as well as ele-vated political positions. However, marriage and family are not exempted from power strug-gles too; couples often encounter power issues. Present article discusses power in families with focussing on power between married partners or conjugal power.The paper also high-lights some of the questions like, what are the sources of conjugal power? what are the deci-sion-making areas? what are the analytical models of power relation among Iranian fami-lies?and tries to find out answer of these questions. At the beginning, it discusses some classic theories and studies about decision making in marriage and family life and then look at what new generations of social scientists say about conjugal power. Finally, taking advantage of document and comparative analysis as the main methods used in this paper, it tries to exam-ine the structure of power relations in Iranian contemporary family.

---

Aims: Individuals with substance use disorder often struggle with chronic and recurrent episodes, experiencing a lack of control over their behaviors and significant disruptions in motivation. This study investigated the relationship between anxious attachment, family well-being, and addiction susceptibility among university students with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation.
Instrument & Methods: This study utilized structural equation modeling, a widely recognized multivariate correlation method, to examine the relationship between various factors in the context of addiction susceptibility. The target population for this study comprised students from the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz. Through convenience sampling, a sample of 300 students was selected. All participants completed the Potential Addiction Scale, Experience in Close Relationships Scale, Family-of-Origin Scale, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale. The collected data underwent statistical analysis using SEM, revealing a well-fitted model.
Findings: Anxious attachment and family health significantly influenced participants' inclination toward addiction (p<0.001). These effects were directly and indirectly observed, mediated by cognitive emotion regulation (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Reducing addiction tendencies in young individuals can be achieved through training families and university students on cultivating secure attachment styles, employing adaptive cognitive regulation strategies, and promoting overall family health.

---

Through symbolic modeling in tales, the specific attitudes to domestic or family violence are conveyed to the audience. By exploring them, we can thus attain different attitudes to violence. This research aims to explore family violence, its causes, and factors that control it in Bakhtiari folk tales based on the theories of social psychologists (with an emphasis on the theory of psychologists who believe in the social origin of aggression and social learning). This research was conducted using the documentary study method. The research population consisted of 139 written folk tales in Bakhtiari culture. After the violent scenes were extracted, they were classified in several general and main categories based on the theoretical framework and research objectives. We qualitatively analyzed the categories and sub-categories after counting them and taking percentages. The results of the study showed that verbal-mental violence has been more reflected in these tales and the family members have sought to cause psychological harm and endanger the other one's face. The wife/mother has been more the perpetrators of the family violence and the husband/father and daughter/sister have been more the victims of the violence. The socio-cultural (patriarchy, greed, deception, lie, and betrayal) and psychological factors (feeling of humiliation, failure and anger) have played the most role in causing family violence in these tales. There have been two types of negative and positive attitudes to family violence in these tales. In some tales, the wrongdoers have been punished by extremely aggressive behavior, and there has been a positive attitude to this violence. This caused the audience to come to the conclusion that they should do aggressive behaviors against other people's mistakes. Therefore, such an attitude can increase aggression.

---

Aims: Toddlers are one of the groups vulnerable to malnutrition, often associated with prolonged deficiencies in protein and energy. Stunting is a chronic malnutrition issue that results in a child failing to grow adequately compared to others in the same age range. From 2019 to 2022, there were 80 villages identified as stunting loci in Maros Regency, spread across 23 sub-districts, including the Marusu Health Center work area. Factors contributing to stunting include mothers’ knowledge and behavior, poor feeding attitudes, and economic challenges. The purpose of this research was to analyze the connections between knowledge, attitudes, actions, family support, the role of cadre integrated health posts, food resilience, digital parenting, and the cultural practices of mothers with toddlers in the Marusu Health Center area.
Instrument & Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 341 mothers of toddlers selected using the total sampling technique. Data collection involved a combination of interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The analysis process involved three techniques, including univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis.
Findings: None of the investigated factors exhibited a statistically significant correlation with stunting in the Marusu Health Center area. The Chi-Square test showed no significant relationships between knowledge (p=0.805), maternal attitudes (p=0.942), maternal practices (p=0.726), family support (p=0.942), the role of health service post cadres (p=1.000), food security (p=0.632), digital parenting (p=0.378), and cultural factors (p=0.812).
Conclusion: There is no statistically significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes, actions, family support, the role of integrated service post, food security, digital parenting, and cultural influences and the incidence of stunting in the Marusu Health Center region.

---

Aims: The postpartum period presents significant physical, emotional, and social challenges for mothers. One common issue is postpartum blues, which can negatively impact maternal well-being. This study aims to analyze the effect of yoga exercises on preventing postpartum blues in postpartum mothers using family health media as an intervention.
Instrument & Methods: A quantitative analytical study with a quasi-experimental approach was conducted. The study involved postpartum mothers at the Alisah Clinic, utilizing a total population sampling technique. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews, then analyzed statistically using SEM-PLS to evaluate the relationship between yoga practice frequency, duration, family support, and postpartum blues prevention.
Findings: The results show that yoga exercise significantly reduces postpartum blues symptoms. Higher frequency and longer duration of yoga sessions contribute to better mental and physical well-being. Additionally, the quality of family health media plays a crucial role in enhancing knowledge and promoting behavioral changes supportive of yoga practice. Family support was found to positively influence the consistency of yoga practice.
Conclusion: Yoga exercises, when practiced regularly with adequate duration and supported by quality health media and family involvement, are effective in preventing postpartum blues. These findings highlight the importance of accessible and structured yoga programs as part of postpartum mental health care.
 

---

This study examines intergenerational transmission of Chinese Foochow in Sarawak, Malaysia by exploring a connection between family language policy and language-ethnicity dimensions. The specific aspects examined were: (a) family language practices; (b) family language ideology in defining characteristics of being a Foochow; and (c) family language attitudes towards heritage language management. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with nine Foochow ethnic families (29 participants) from urban Sarawak, Malaysia. The findings showed the Foochow dialect was mainly spoken at the highest level of the family hierarchy with the lowest level shifting to use standard languages (Mandarin and/or English). The nine families held strong beliefs regarding their ethnic identity being passed down by birth, blood, and descent and thus, not being able to speak Foochow did not subtract from their Foochow ethnicity. Some participants defined themselves as Foochow because they practised Foochow customs and ate Foochow food, indicative of the phenomenological dimension of the language-ethnicity link. As the dialect is predicted to lose its role and status in urban settings, various strategies for managing Foochow which attributed agency to others were provided by the participants. The findings suggested that attributing ethnic identity to paternity and not patrimony will lead to potential loss of Foochow from the linguistic repertoire of the youngest generation in urban localities in Malaysia.

 

---

In this article; two collection of poems entitled “Mokabedat-Al Shajar” and “Let us believe in the beginning of cold season” by Boshra’ Bostani and Forough Farrokhzad’s where we encounter critical period of Iran’s’ history – between the second Pahlavi dynasty and post second world war period of colonialism in Iraq have been analyzed by descriptive – analytic research methodology . The results showed that both poets have paid special attention to hearth of family with motherhood passions and love. Taking into consideration the infidelity of Iraq and Iran society in relation to women rights as unique principle of Islam, these poets have reflected the place of women and their rights in their works. Both poets have been engaged in reflecting social problems like poverty, unemployment and class distinctions. Also, political structure and tradition – modernity contrast have been the main themes in the poems of both poets uttered acidly. The acute language of Forough Farrokhzad in her diatribes is more salient than Boshra. In its turn, complexity and ambiguity o

---

Family is the main institution of society and its form can be seen in all times and places. Narrative texts of classical Iranian literature can be an important source in the historical recognition of family system in Iran. In heroic epopees, the system of family is one of the hypertextual themes and backgrounds. Discovering and explaining the structure of the family in these texts, like understanding the elements that make up the cultural foundations of a nation, can be the key for its archeological understanding for sociologists and historical researchers. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the structure and functions of the Iranian family system and the forms and criteria for marriage in heroic epopees after Shahnameh (Banoogashsbnameh, Borzoonameh, Bahmannameh, Faramarznameh, Kooshnameh, and Garshasbnameh) by describing, analyzing content and comparing on one hand, and clarify the origin of (Islamic-Iranian) ideas of these epopees about family system on the other hand.
In these epopees, family formation plays the role of reproduction, protection and maintenance, socialization, controlling sexual behavior, compassion and kindness and preparing the social base. Political, secret marriage, marriage with captive women, marriage through the purchase of a spouse and marriage according to the epic tradition are the most important forms of marriage in these epopees. These systems are two-dimensional; hence, both Islamic ideas and attitudes of ancient Iran towards family system, have found their way into these epopees.

---

Family is the initial cell and corner stone of a society that forms the base of characterization of the child. Health of society depends on health of family. Family with positive outputs renders mental and sentimental problem, socialize proportional children with the values and manners approved by society and arrange sexual behaviors. Present paper aims to identify important factors effecting family break-up and their impacts on family. For this purpose, out of 150 divorce applicants (30% male70% female), 107 samples were selected randomly and were studied by interview techniques based on, questionnaires. In this research tow hypotheses "economic difficulties are the laying ground for the family break – up" and "Absence of intimate space and sexual satisfaction are the factors of family brake – up as well as one question “Is annoyance the basis for family problems? Were studied. The results showed that 63.6% of the society confirmed the economic problems in divorce whereas 24.3 of men of families seeking divorce were unemployed. Of course, the proportion of unemployed men is 2/6% in Iranian families. And the rate of employment in divorce families is 36.8% among the employment of all married women in Iran (12%). The difference between the indices of sample group with that of statistical society was at the level of P= 5% were significant. 93% of women and men were annoyed from each other.

---

 Family is known as one of the most important and powerful institutions, especially in relation to children and adolescents. Meanwhile, artistic and literary works can reflect some of these changes, especially children’s and adolescent fiction works, in most of which there are family relationships as a definite theme, and they were influenced by the dominant ideologies of the era. This case study is the result of a larger research on teenage fiction from the 1970s until now, but exclusively, it is limited to two novels from the two periods before and after the revolution: “Olduz and Crows” by Samad Behrangi and “Children and Storm” from Hossein Fatahi, both of them belong to a certain ideology. This research has been formed with the aim of investigating the semantic change of family in ideological works in two historical periods; in fact, regardless of the type of ideology, the discourse of the family in these works, has undergone a semantic transformation and has been drawn in ideological goals. The main approach of this research, according to the metaphorical structure of the family discourse in these periods, is to use a critical approach to metaphor, and for this purpose, we have used the metaphor discourse analysis method. Investigations show that the main structure of these novels is based on the macro metaphor “family is society” and the family is the representative of society and an objective manifestation of abstract ideologies in society at the heart of the ideological structure.

1. Introduction
Family, as the center of tradition and determining the base, status, dignity, power, etc. of its constituents, are exposed to disease attacks. Marxists considered it a center of inequality, liberals considered it the preserver of tradition and authority, and feminists considered it the cause of weakening women. To the extent that the function of the family, the structure of power in the family, family patterns, the form of the family and what was in it were either changed or borrowed. The institution of modern education took away the right to education from it, and the institution of market and capitalism took away its economic function and self-sufficiency, and social and labor institutions even deprived it of the right of guardianship and custody in certain cases.
Among the discourses of the contemporary period, the two main discourses, Marxist (before the revolution) and the discourse of the Islamic revolution, have had the most cultural activity for Children's and adolescent literature, and they have had a special and different view on the relationship between the adolescent and the family, in order to advance their goals. For this reason, in this research, among the works before and after the Islamic revolution that specifically belong to these two ideologies, they have been selected to investigate and analyze the type of representation of the relationship between the family and the teenager; The story of “Oldoz and the Crows” by Samad Behrangi and “The Child and the Storm” by Hossein Fatahi.
This research, seeking to discover and reconstruct the main discourses governing the representation of the family, has been formed based on the main hypothesis that the representation of the family discourse in children's and adolescent fiction works has changed under the influence of the ideologies of each time period, and in particular, the family is a metaphorical structure in the fictions has been represented. This research seeks to answer the main question that the discourse of the family in the ideological fiction works of teenagers is based on what metaphorical pattern is formed and if this pattern is repeated in different fictions.
Research questions
1. Based on what metaphorical pattern is the discourse of the family in the ideological fiction works of teenagers formed and is this pattern repeated in different works?
2. What effect has the metaphorical arrangement in these ideological works had on the representation of the family discourse in these works?

2. Literature Review
The review of sources in the field of family in the literature of children and adolescents shows  the following studies. 
Chitsazi (2018), in his research, has examined the structure of power and its representation in folk tales and contemporary short stories of Fars from the 1960s to the 2010s. The findings of this research show that in both types of literature, mostly the nuclear family is depicted. The power structure in the family in folk literature is domineering and in the contemporary short story, it is semi-symmetrical (dominant and sincere).
Shabani Sabzeh Maidani (2016) has investigated the role and position of father in children's poems. He considered the family to be the smallest and the first social institution related to the child, in which the mother is considered to be the embodiment of affection and the child's upbringing, and he believes that the depiction of the father's image in the works is generally placed on the sidelines and limited to the economic role and provider of the family's livelihood. 
Qorshinejad (2012), in his research, has discussed the representation of the family in stories after the Islamic revolution. In his research, based on Stuart Hall's theory of representation and using the method of text analysis, he has analyzed and investigated the way the family is represented in a selection of realistic stories for children and teenagers three decades after the Islamic Revolution. The findings of this research show that in the stories of the 1980s and 1990s, traditional and nuclear families were depicted, and in the works of the 2000s, the modern nuclear family was depicted. In most of the stories, there is a pattern of dividing male and female roles, and the family authority structure in the 80s and 90s was man-oriented.
Nizamabadi (2008) has examined women and power in the family in six novels of the last decade. The findings of this research show that women are looking for a new definition of power and identity in the family. Also, in these novels, men and women are important together and women feel happy with men.
The overview of these studies shows that none of them have focused on the period of adolescence. Most of the researched fields have also focused on family structure and types. In fact, as the surveys show, extensive research about the family in different time periods and according to the ideologies of each period has not been done.

3. Methodology
Discussing discourses is not the field of power relations that openly seeks repression, but implicitly plays a role in determining the type of behavior of people and turns people into subjects in discourses. In Fairclough's opinion, what is important in this is the discourse-ideological formulations and it is the social institutions that make such formulations. According to these ideological-discourse formations, institutional actors are made in ideological situations that they may be unaware of. One of the characteristics of this type of formulation is to create a kind of "naturalization" of ideologies. In such a way that they are dealt with as a definite and certain matter. 
What discourse analysis seeks is to show the influence of social structures on the shaping of discourses and the link between micro and macro structures of society, as well as the denaturalization of what has been made natural through discourse formulation.
Language is one of the ways through which the discourse of each work can be shaped in depth, because our access to the realities around us is through language. Whether in everyday conversations or in works created in literature, it is language that defines the boundaries of our knowledge of ourselves and the world around us. Now, this language represents reality. Undoubtedly, the language uses many methods and tools for naturalization, which are in the service of a specific discourse entity. One of the tools that discourse can use to create coherence and naturalization is metaphor.
Such a view of metaphor as a meaningful and even central cognitive mechanism was largely in line with CDA's research interests. As a result, CDA analyzes based on metaphor recognition have been published in a steady stream over the past decades. Identifying metaphors in the text can help reveal the implicit meaning of the text and its discourse. Since metaphors become natural little by little and their use in language is considered normal, we should seek to find similarities between the signifier and the signified in a symbolic way.
Researchers who have worked on metaphor in discourse believe that the main role of metaphors in discourse is to create coherence in it. Discourses have used many strategies to maintain or gain power and control the audience's mind, and metaphor is undoubtedly one of them. Metaphors play a role in our valuations by creating conceptual coherence. Since metaphors are becoming natural little by little and their use in language is considered normal, we should seek to find similarities between the signifier and the signified in a figurative way or in indirect metaphors, in a symbolic way. For this purpose, we must see which specific concepts and discourses are fueled by metaphors in a work.
 This coherence can be intratextual or extratextual. In the sense that conceptual metaphor can lead to the use and benefit of a specific conceptual metaphor in different historical periods or structure the text in the text itself by using targeted metaphors (Kuchesh, 2018, pp. 442 and 443). In fact, metaphors are used to achieve a specific goal. 
So, it can be said that metaphor can either strengthen existing norms or lead to a new understanding. This problem shows the important role of metaphor in influencing human belief, attitude and understanding. For this reason, the critical analysis of metaphor seeks to show the important ideological and discursive dimensions of metaphor. For this reason, it can be said that the context in which the metaphor is formed plays an effective role in its discourse analysis.

4. Results
Examining the works of children and adolescents, more than any other work, can show these changes in family discourse, because the relationship between family and children has always been an issue, and also, children's and adolescent literature works were not formed in a non-discursive and non-ideological atmosphere. In the meantime, the works before and after the revolution, more than any other time, are affected by a discourse space, and without a doubt, ideological works cannot be examined outside of their discourse space. One of the methods used by the works of these two decades to show and naturalize their ideology is metaphor.
A metaphorical space that sometimes acts openly and sometimes more covertly. What is clear is that the family in these metaphorical formats is an institution that has undergone more semantic transformation. This research is based on the main hypothesis that this metaphorization and transformation of meaning has drawn a certain ideology in the form of family and based on the findings of the research, it is the macro metaphor of family and society, which was the main basis for the formation of these ideological works.
Investigations show that in the story of Oldoz and Crows, which was written before the revolution, the characters are metaphorical, and the family is an accomplice of the capitalist system, and rebellion against it is inevitable and doomed to be eliminated. The function of metaphor in this work and similar works, thought and discourse are expressed in a simpler and more objective way.
But the point worthy of reflection in these works is that this method of objectifying and forming metaphorical characters in a discourse structure is an effort and emphasis on struggle and action. Because metaphorical actions are characterized by more obvious actions by the characters.
But in the child and the storm, which is formed in a revolutionary discourse. The family (especially the father) becomes a counter-revolutionary discourse with semantic transformation, and the emotionalization function of the metaphor, by using religious metaphors, helps to shape this discourse and normalize its understanding. In this novel, the type of use of metaphors has progressed towards mentalization, and this shows that the post-revolution discourse seeks more naturalization, creating absolute acceptance and non-struggle. To the extent that the son's revolutionary action (loading and removing the father) is considered sympathetic and emotional and justifiable in the metaphorical form of the work.
In general, it can be said that in ideological works and generally in the works of the 1970s and 1980s, the relationship between the teenager or the child and the family has not yet become an issue. It can even be said that in these works, teenager is not used in its true meaning. Whatever it is, the use of the works of this age group is to show ideologies and discourses, and in the meantime, the family has been attacked more than any other institution.
 

---

Objective: Prostate cancer is the fifth most common cancer. In 2012, it was the second leading cause of cancer death for men worldwide. The PI3K/AKT pathway plays an essential role in pathogenesis of prostate cancer; the key role of this pathway in cancer progression makes it an attractive target for prostate cancer therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate gene expression have a special ability to simultaneously control multiple genes and pathways which make them candidates for therapeutics. This study aims to determine miRNAs which target the PI3K/AKT pathway and evaluate them in prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: In order to determine an effective miRNA for the PI3K/AKT pathway, we assessed six genes from this pathway which have been proposed as drug targets in ten different prediction algorithms. Next, the candidate miRNAs were analyzed in expression profile and pathway analysis databases. Expression of candidate miRNAs in control and prostate cancer cell lines were subsequently evaluated. Results: According to bioinformatics, the miR-29 family could target the most genes from this list. Other bioinformatic estimates confirmed these results. The miR-29 family showed significant downregulation in prostate cancer cell lines LNCAP, PC3 and DU-145 compared to control samples. Conclusion: These results propose the possibility of using the miR-29 family to inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway in prostate cancer.

---

The research type is descriptive - correlation research which is done through survey method. Statistical population of research is family business in Tehran that at least two members of the family are involved in the ownership or management of the organization. Based on available information, Statistical population has been 600 companies and the sample size was 235 companies. In this research main tool for data collecting is a questionnaire that it`s validity and reliability has been measured. According to previous studies, questionnaires and interviews with family business owners, variables that influenced on the apathy of people to participate in the family business, are: micro scale collected Perspective, micro scale Structure and micro scale Interaction. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify latent variables. The relationship between these factors and the main factor was measured by confirmatory factor analysis. It was shown that lack collected perspective has greatest impact on the apathy and incoherent structure, meanwhile fitting the model. The identified factors were highly correlated with the main factor. Therefore, we can conclude that three marked factors influenced on the apathy to family business