Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of coping skills group training and mindfulness-based group training on pain perception in patients with kidney failure with follow up.
Method and Materials: The method of the study was semi-experimental in nature with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of this research included all kidney failure patients who visited Kosar Hospital in 2021-2022 (from October to November). Based on this, 45 renal failure patients were divided into two experimental groups and one control group using the matching method, and all three groups were administered the McGill Pain Questionnaire (1997) in the pretest, posttest and follow-up. Data were analyzed with SPSS-26.
Findings: The findings showed; there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of coping skills group training and mindfulness-based group training on pain perception in patients with kidney failure. But both intervention groups were significantly different from the control group (P<0.01). Both treatments had a lasting effect in follow-up stage.
Conclusion: According the findings of this syudy, it can be said that group training of coping skills and group training based on mindfulness can affect pain perception, in patients with renal failure, and this effect continues over time.

Introduction Encountering with environment, sensory perception paves the way for the creation of meaning and the architect has to mix merely technical ideas with sensory perception to make it possible to approach the real and living meaning, which have been present in people’s lives. Criterion architecture, where architect’s physical and mental features prepare the formation of his work, causes the audience to find an intellectual picture of him. Iranian traditional architecture, particularly Iranian Bazaar architecture, is a type of visual-perceptual architecture, which involves all senses. The aim of this study was to investigate and understand the concept and structure of the Kashan Bazaar as a space consistent with Iranian values and identities. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used and the main body of the research was an analytical-exploratory method.
Conclusion As one of the examples of Iranian bazaars, the architecture of Bazaar of Kashan creates a sensory concentration system by embodying sensory incentives. Within the major directional system, corridors invite you to walk through them and discover the surroundings, and peace can be found in places such as mosques, Timches, and open spaces nearby. In the bazaar, the perceptual process is achieved in the face of the enormous congestion and desolation in the environment. This secrecy in the first step leads to the creation of the quality of inviting to gain tranquility, contemplation and thought; in the next stages, and based on human consciousness, it leads to the adoption of semantic systems and ultimately leads to the recognition of values and aesthetics.

Aims Space is the most fundamental aspect of architecture, whose survival directly depends on place survival. The origin of the sense of space is the place that is closely related to it. Architecture space, as one of the main carriers of the art, has a prominent place in society. The place and space were raised as a main subject in both philosophy and architecture and an important part of the literature of these two has human thought aspect. It can be said that the relationship between place and space and their impact on environmental psychology of architecture is the most basic requirement to understand the architecture and the transcendental sense of space to architecture. One of the objectives of this study is to examine the characteristics of the place in creating architectural space, which will be dealt with.
Materials & Methods This is is descriptive-analytical research and it is based on library documents; also, interviews with experts in this field helped us in this regard. The question ahead is “how much can space in architecture affect the audience feeling and how much important is the position of place in the architectural space?
Findings A space in architecture is beautiful when the special attributes of space are in harmony with space operations. This is a principle, which is evident in the study of traditional architecture.
Conclusion Identification of useful elements in the sense of place and space can help us in creating a successful architecture. The positive energy emitted from the architecture space to the audience is controlled by architect and s/he can use it.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine six different assessment tools for pain in children. The study sought to determine whether there were differences clinical usage among the various scales. Additionally, the study aimed to identify if any of the scales demonstrated superior sensitivity compared to the others.
Method and Materials: A narrative review of currently published studies was performed following standard guidelines. Online databases PUBMED and Google Scholar were searched for systematic reviews published before January 2024. The search terms initially included pain rating scales, pain measurement, pain intensity. Papers were examined for abstract relativity before being included. Ultimately, a total of 6 articles were selected for the final analysis.
Findings: The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale and Faces Pain Scale (FPS) were found to be the most frequently mentioned as sensitive, valid, and reliable tools in various clinical scenarios. In terms of clinical application, the Oucher Scale and Poker Chip Pain Scale have not been utilized for chronic pain assessment, whereas the other four measures have been employed in different contexts including acute, chronic, and post-operative pain.
Conclusion: All six assessed instruments yielded noteworthy favorable outcomes when assessing acute pain in children aged three and above. However, their sensitivity, validity,and reliability varied.

At present, the principles and patterns of mosque shaping and its symbolic look have been forgotten, especially at the level of neighbourhood mosques. Since the restoration of Iranian-Islamic architecture and urban identity is one of the tasks of contemporary architects and urban planners, therefore, the purpose of the present study was identifying features, principles and values existing and influenced by Islamic verses and hadiths in mosques architecture and urban planning, as well as adapting them to the needs of the contemporary period and modelling the values of beyond place and time mosques. In the present study, a survey method had been designed to investigate the effect of sensory perception models on satisfaction and desirability increase in neighbourhood mosques of Qazvin City. After explaining the models and components of sensory perception, the criteria for effective assessment of satisfaction increase in mosques were extracted and the questionnaire was adjusted according to the Likert spectrum, and structural equation modelling (SEM) method analyzed the relationships between variables and their impact. The findings of the study show that there is a significant relationship between the components of sensory perception and satisfaction in neighbourhood mosques, in which the impact of cultural indicators and social system existing in the neighbourhood was more than other indicators. As a result, observing the sensory patterns in the design of the mosque's constituent elements increases the spatial utility, which creates and reinforces adaptive sensory architecture patterns in religious space and increases the motivation of worshipers to continue attending neighbourhood mosques.
 

Aims: The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between pain metaphorical perception and quality of life with pain intensity in musculoskeletal patients.
Method and Materials: This was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all musculoskeletal patients in Tehran. In this study, 250 candidates were selected via the at-reach method in 2024. They completed three questionnaires, Chronic Pain Intensity (1992), Pain Metaphorical Perception (2023), and Quality of Life (1996).  For data analysis, SPSS-26 was used.
Findings: The results showed that the correlation coefficient of pain intensity with pain metaphorical perception was significant (r=0.46) (P<0.01). The relationship between quality of life and pain intensity were negative and meaningful (r = -0.29) (P<0.05). Moreover, 9.6% of the pain intensity variance was explained by the pain metaphorical perception and 4.5% was explained by the quality of life.
Conclusion: It is suggested to investigate specific conceptual metaphors of musculoskeletal pain in future studies. It is also recommended that specialists in this field, physicians, health psychologists, etc. pay attention to the role of metaphors in improving the quality of life of patients with severe pain.

Aims: The present study aims to measure the perceptual quality of sound in the case study of “Darvazeh Isfahan” of Shiraz (a public urban space) in two objective and subjective dimensions.
Participants & Methods: The study method in objective analysis is using acoustic simulation software and measurement of five acoustic components and characteristics of sound including sound pressure level (SPL), sound clarity (C), and sound transmission index (STI). Mental dimension analysis was conducted through direct interviews with people in the space during the day, at three intervals in the morning, noon and afternoon. In the interview process, interviewees were asked to respond to the three components of voice information, voice perception, and auditory rating. Simultaneously, the audio content of the study area was recorded using a calibrated voice recorder.
Findings: The results of the analysis in objective dimension indicate the lack of space acoustic transparency in the contextual and background noise measurement components. Although the audio quality of the sound is normal at all three intervals, in some cases the sound intensity level is poor. The direct sound transmission index is in normal condition. On the subjective side, different audio content was heard over three intervals. In the morning, interviewees identified the buzzing, motorcycling, walking and talking. At noon, in addition to the audio content mentioned, the sound of music was also heard. In the afternoon, motorcycles, cars, and people’s conversations were the main audio content of the space.
Conclusion: Through overlaying the objective and subjective analysis, it has identified the subareas of the study space that have difficulty in perceiving the quality of sound. In summary, location-based urban design solutions for improving perceptual sound quality under problem areas are presented. Despite the fact that the present study might be restricted to a urban space in Shiraz, the findings could impart fruitful information for implicating appropriate acoustic vitality guidelines in urban public spaces.

Aims: This study aimed to analyze the effect of knowledge on the application of clean and healthy living behavior through perceived susceptibility in the prevention of AIDS.
Participants & Methods: Using quantitative research, we examined the possible causality between certain factors possibly causing the studied symptoms. The statistical population was 290 people living in Wakatobi Regency, of whom 166 people were considered as samples using the Lemeshow formula. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using path analysis, t-test, and normality tests.
Findings: Based on the results of the path analysis, the path coefficient value of the knowledge to perceived susceptibility was 0.177 with a t-value of 7.762 > 1.974 and a p-value of < 0.005. Thus, it can be concluded that knowledge has a positive and significant effect on clean and healthy living behavior in the community.
Conclusion: The results showed that knowledge about the dangers of smoking had a significant effect on fostering clean and healthy behavior (PHBS) through perceived susceptibility.