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Showing 55 results for Symbol
Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract
Defined as a direct, non-conventional link between sound and meaning, the linguistic phenomenon of sound symbolism has empirically been studied for nearly 100 years, and multiple studies have been conducted to reveal the various aspects of the phenomenon. However, no significant studies have done to explain exactly why the phenomenon transpires. That is partly because it has not been studied on the basis of any semantic analysis and/or theory. Nevertheless, the American linguist Edward Sapir first pinpointed the two likely factors that can both or separately be involved in the phenomenon: the acoustic factor, or the articulatory factor (or a combination of both). On the basis of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) in Cognitive Semantics, the current paper attempts to explain for the first time how either of the factors or both of them can contribute to the occurrence of the phenomenon. Thus, the question why sound symbolism happens may find a satisfactory answer. Moreover, the answer may pave the way for further theoretical considerations on the potential development of "cognitive" phonology.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
Since the national symbol is the most important urban element in terms of nationality, analyzing the influence of time on this symbol seems necessary. Less attention has been paid to the concept of time in the initial comments regarding urban issues. However, it was considered a serious matter after passing of time and observing its influence on urban and identity issues. The current study mainly aims to study the influence of time in the formation of the complex of national monuments, the direct and indirect influence of the time dimension on qualitative indicators of space and its influence on the appearance and semantic dimension of the national symbol and its immediate field. Thus, after reviewing the theoretical basics, many case studies of the world have been reviewed due to the lack of sufficient information and specialist investigations. Only nine case studies have been randomly selected and addressed in the present study. These studies are in line with theoretical basics and the thinkers’ ideas and they led to the final output. The descriptive-analytical method was used to gather the information and the outputs were analyzed by the survey method and Delphi tool for validation. The results show that the influence of time on the appearance dimension generally includes structural and apparent changes, erosion, deterioration, and ruin and the influence of time on the semantic dimension mostly includes semantic, identity, and revolutionary changes. In the qualitative indicators of the national symbol and its immediate field, the time dimension indirectly influences on some of indicators such as diversity, readability, permeability, visual richness, and vitality. In some indicators such as permeability and visual richness, the influence of time is associated with the appearance and in some indicators such as diversity, readability, and vitality, it is associated with appearance and semantic dimension. It is also influential in the quality of sustainability and efficiency in time dimension. Since there are two types of the national monuments in general, the influence of time dimension on them is different. Time triggers memory, meaning, layer structure and accessibility in the monuments built in the passing of time but it triggers patterns of receiving feature and lessons about designing such as observing flexibility and designing a timed and dramatic place in space.
The rethorical Critic of Kurdish Proverbs(The investigation of rethorical critic of lilam's proverbs
Volume 1, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Proverb is one of the most known feature to investigate of eco-culture for every native. Kurdish people one of the most vast of iranian people which it's culture so enrich to cultural studies. Ilam one of the kurdish city which has very important features to studing in this field. Kurdish language is of different dialects, however it is of some commonalities from the view point of proverbs. This study wants to investigate Kurdish proverbs rhetorically via a descriptive study to find that these proverbs are of imaginative power or not and which one of literary devices are of more frequency. By investigating ilami-kurdi proverbs the study found that proverbs are of high rhetoric power and this is because of imaginative power of speakers. The deep structure of most of proverbs are based on simile. The study also found that the prerequisite to the understanding of some literary devices like symbol is familiarity with cultural norms.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (7-2011)
Abstract
Occupation of Palestine and Iraq’s invasion to Iran, as two enormous events of the twentieth century, overshadowed the lives of two lands. Meanwhile, literature- especially poetry-as one of the thinking areas of the Palestinians and Iranians, had witnessed a fundamental transformation. The poets of the two lands parallel to the enemy’s attack, showed resistance together with the combatants against the invasion of the enemy. “Smyh Alqasm” and “Hassan Hussein were two poems who left various worthwhile resistance poems. One indicator of this type of literature is the use of dramatic, symbolic and lyric contents. The present paper intends to investigate the reflection of changes caused by the onslaught of foreign enemies on the deployment of concepts and symbolic myths as well as the homology, differences, semantic developments and concept changes of these themes in the lyrics of Samyh Alqasem and Hassan Hosseini. The results indicated that both Samyh Alqasem and Hassan Hosseini have used symbolic and natural, human being, animal and place lyrics but symbolic and lyric meanings in the poets of Samyh enjoy more initiative, variety and extension.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (10-2014)
Abstract
An important subject in the field of linguistics is the impact of one thought system on the community of lingual symbols. The relationship between mind and language conventions has long been of interest to linguists. The importance of this relationship becomes more prominent in comparative approaches where, through comparative study and analysis of the main schemas of the ideas of several thinkers or artists, the researcher traces the consistent and common use of linguistic symbols. In the hermeneutic analysis of the works of Mowlana Jalal ad-Din Mohammad Rumi, the interpretation of symbols, analogy and codes governing his mind and language is a major research interest. One of the most important branches among these researches concerns the kinship of Mowlana’s language codes with other thinkers and artists. On the other hand, Nietzsche, as a transcendental thinker, tries to use a symbolic language in explaining his thinking system. Due to his familiarity with the culture and literature of the East and the essential sameness of some of his principles with Mowlana’s transcendental approaches about the existence, morality, art , etc., Nietzsche achieves a set of symbols common with Rumi, which forms a shared language between the two thinkers.
Volume 2, Issue 3 (8-2014)
Abstract
Myth and archetype represent the universal aspirations and ideas of human. On the other hand, they represent religious experience and exposure to Holy Existence. On this basis, the mystical narratives are the basic vehicle for development and exposure of archetypes and myths. As for symbolism, and the significance of mystical narratives, necessary to interpret for understanding their texts and to obtain narrative functions, we have surveyed three authentic and effective texts of Attar`s Tazkarat-ol-Olya, Hojviri`s Kashf-ol-Mahjoob and Goshairieh’s Resaleh with mythology approach. Because the mystical narratives benefit from all components of the thought and culture sphere of human, especially archetype, we have reviewed, classified and decoded, according to the their texture, have archetypes such as tree, mountains, caves, animals, colors, cycle and center, the names and numbers in the mentioned three texts. This review illustrates that mystical narratives like other areas of human thought, benefit from myth and archetype to achieve its objectives and functions as one of the dominant elements. Based on these features, many mystical narratives use narrative folk or close to their structure. Archetype and myths explain religious experiences in mystical narratives, which are covered in symbolic forms. Although mythological elements have a bond with Holy Existence, they take distinctive color and odor to the mystical narratives, and describe and three stages of birth, death, and rebirth, and encounter with Holy Existence.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
This article tries to identify the common stability themes and factors in the poems of Shamlu and Darvish. For doing so, the poems of these poets were investigated in descriptive and analytical way. Comparative study of Shamlu and Darvish poems in the scope of stability poetry and explaining the common elements and analysis of the stability themes from content and linguistic perspective will be effective in analysis of the stability poetry in the world literature. In addition, this analysis helps us to identify these poets’ ideology and thoughts in detail. Therefore, the common elements of stability poetry in the world literature are recognized by broad research on the resistance literature of the nations. The poems of Mahmud Darvish and Ahmad Shamlu contain numerous common themes on resistance literature such as patriotism, confronting oppression and liberty and etc. The conditions of both poets have influenced their poetry and both of them have expressed their ideals ideologically because of tyranny and suffocation.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2013)
Abstract
Abstract: A comparative study of the application of symbol in Safavi and Iranian contemporary architecture The human kind was always accompanied by some tendency to use symbols, signs and codes. We’ve seen the most ancient of them in works of the primary human which are mostly in the form of graffiti due to technical reasons and in modern society there are few foundations which can be found with no trace of symbols and signs, since symbols and signs don’t require any other foundation than innovative mind of their creator. However, signs, as a kind of communication, need a dynamic society which is the other side of this communication, to communicate. The amount of applying these symbols and signs in different places and their vastness and variety are of the instances which always increase complication of discovering their true meaning. This mistaken recognition was always the challenge to this communication. In response to two questions of _ what are signs and symbols and where is the place for applying them in architecture? And what is the difference between using symbols and signs in Safavi and contemporary periods? _ this essay attempts to do a comparative study on the works of these two architectural periods of Iran by pointing out kinds of signs and presenting a classification of places in works of architecture where symbols and signs were applied. Therefore, a discussion about different kinds of signs, where they are applied in architecture and a case study were embarked on by using a combination of different studying methods of interpretive-historical and logical reasoning. In the end we study the differences and similarities and application process of symbols and signs in area of architecture. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Volume 3, Issue 9 (5-2010)
Abstract
Allegory, is one of terms that despite extensive use and antiquity in the west rhetoric because of had some commonalities and differences whit other rhetorical ornaments, such as metaphor, symbol, emblem, irony and etc. literary critics and rhetorician in providing precise definition and determination of functions of allegory encountered to confusion hence credibility and significance of it in the difference periods according to the intellectual currents to become whit many ups and downs. The Romantic school was one of the processes that first time rhetoricians have tried to study features and functions of allegory compared whit symbol for distinct of borders these two terms and provide precise definitions and specific characteristics of each terms. In fact we owe modern mean of allegory those comments of some ones such as, Goethe, Schelling, August Wilhelm Schlegel and Coleridge. These rhetoricians did the first systematic efforts in clarifying and defining the meaning of the term allegory. On this basis, the essays aim of the writer has been presented a report of functions and features of allegory in the Romanticism school passer authority over critical comments in this regard, such as ; Goethe, Schelling, A. W. Schlegel and Coleridge.
Volume 4, Issue 9 (7-2016)
Abstract
Iranian culture and literature originate from religious beliefs that deeply connect with Iranian people’s emotions toward innocent fellows especially Imam Reza as well as Iranian culture and folklore literature. The analysis of symbolic customs and Imam Reza’s literature custom in parallel with his personality enrich our beliefs. The symbolic customs and Razavi folklore literature result in; following, identification, coherence, cohesion, decrease in the extent of routine life, the production of hope and happiness in the contemporary age due to educational factors as well as self-confidence, because these factors play an important role in the young ages .This essay is based on context analysis, it examines the symbolic customs including heroic poems to set up flag, to tie scarf, oblation, setting off, souvenir besides folklore literature which includes Lullaby, premium, mourning, sound, people’s tools which are influenced by Razavi culture. It has shown Imam Reza’s personality, his well-known features in Iranian culture and folklore literature.
Volume 4, Issue 16 (12-2011)
Abstract
Drawing on modernist techniques, the play Az poshte shisheha by Akbar Radi expresses an unrelenting challenge of the intellectual with the new-fangled, vulgar modern trends. In order to express his view, Radiemploys doubles in his characterization. He creates two female characters that stand in opposition to each other; one represents modernity without originality while the other is an ordinary woman with the same intellectual and psychological concerns. In a way, almost all characters of this play, especially the women, symbolically represent different social strata and ideologies. Considering the central role of women in this play, theanalysis of their characterscan reveal the author’s outlook towards the major conflict of the play.
Volume 4, Issue 16 (9-2007)
Abstract
Nabilu.A.,PH.D.
Abstract:
This articles is concerned with Molavi’s aim in telling fables and shows his special interpretations there. Over 50 tales in the Masnavi draw on animals, and Molavi has used some 38 types of animals in the interpretation of his thoughts and ideas including birds, beasts, domestic animals, sea creatures, insects, etc. Donkey has the highest frequency of occurrence in 7 stories, while lion, cow and dog have the most frequent recursion in 5 stories each. Of the 38 animal characters, 31.5 percent are birds, 39.5 percent are beasts, 16 percent are domestic animals, 8 percent are sea creatures, and 5 percent are insects.
Through the decoding of symbols in these tales, some 76 interpretations are retrieved, most of which are concerned with God, perfect man, and worldly man, as well as his bad personality traits. Most of these interpretations end with valuable notions, such as the story of man’s soul; death, the hereafter, and the resurrection; the story of God and the prophets and their opponents; the supremacy of inner senses over outer senses; the divine support for God’s good worshippers; the rituals of praying; a comparison of mystics and those fond of appearances; and dozens more great notions. In his interpretation of these stories, Molavi explains profound mystical ideas and complex notions of human knowledge. In many cases, these notions and interpretations somehow replace the story, and then Molavi goes back to the story saying over and over again that the tales and allegories fall short of reflecting those profound notions; he shows a sense of pity at these devices’ failure to capture those ideas.
This study classifies the animals named in the Masnavi as well as Molavi’s own interpretation of them, plus their frequency of occurrence. The results are shown through the use of graphs and tables.
Volume 5, Issue 4 (11-2024)
Abstract
Problem Statement: How does place, beyond being a physical space, influence the formation of human identity, cognition, and experience? This article aims to explore this fundamental question by explaining the complex interaction between humans and the built environment.
Objective: To present a comprehensive model of the human sensory-motor experience and the creation of effective non-verbal communication with the environment, in order to facilitate the design of higher-quality and more humane spaces.
Methodology: Relying on a descriptive-analytical approach and an in-depth review of the literature, this article seeks to explain the hidden patterns between space, experience, and meaning. Qualitative text analysis has been a key tool in achieving this goal.
Findings: Place is not merely a physical setting but a meaningful context in which individual and collective identities are formed. Spatial symbols and visual elements, as a common language, enable communication with the environment and the creation of meaning. The human mind is strongly influenced by spatial structures, and spaces can affect perception, emotions, and behaviors.
Conclusion: With a deep understanding of the relationship between humans and place, we can design spaces that not only meet the physical needs of humans but also improve the quality of life, strengthen a sense of belonging, and shape collective identity. Mind, body, and environment are inextricably linked, and understanding this complex relationship is essential for creating sustainable and dynamic human environments. The presented model can be used as a tool for designers and urban planners.
Discourse analysis of semiotic functions of lie in folk tales: Slippery in iconic system of language
Volume 5, Issue 12 (3-2017)
Abstract
To explain how lie is made from the perspective of semiotics, we first need to define icon and its function in the domain of discourse. In this regard, we show that although icon means the maximum amount of similarity between a thing and its representation, there is always the possibility of creating distance between the two that can vary from zero to infinity. This distance makes something as lying in language. According to this, icon can fluctuate from hypoicon to hypericon. Based on these explanations, we figure out that lying is a sign that loses its conformity with the object which is supposed to be represented. The article examines the causes of less or total disagreement of this icon in folk tales according to semiotic process. The main purpose of this article based on semiotic approach and iconic sign process, is to discover the causes of lacking conformity with the reality as well as the fluctuations of this icon. The main hypothesis of this theory is that the involvement and intervention of sense- perceptional and emotional processes as active factors in human behavior could change our understanding and point of view. For this reason, they prevent icon from a stable conformity with the object in time and place. As a result of this process, the discourse of lie is created.
Volume 5, Issue 18 (3-2008)
Abstract
M. Sarrafi.PH.D.
Abstract:
The present essay is written through a referential method for the analysis of bird symbols in Rumi’s work; Massnavi. Once the author derived all the functions of birds, he categorized, described, and also explained the symbolic concepts of each through context analysis as the major technique. On the basis of these findings, there are about 30 birds mentioned by their names, while about 100 birds are mentioned without referring to their actual names. These create merely a part of Rumi’s creativity in symbolism. One of the most significant findings of this paper is; regarding the final analysis of birds; they are actually a symbol and sign of fate of the human soul within the prison of body and the materialistic world.
The meanings and symbolic concepts of birds hold an inseparable connection with their natural characteristics. Furthermore, the religious, cultural, and mythological teachings, which have been created about each of them throughout time, all enjoy a stunning role in the particular concepts given to them by Rumi. In overall it can be said that some of Rumi’s interpretations and understandings on the birds are quite new and innovative; while some of the others are rooted within the cultural traditions. The construction of symbolic concepts regarding birds in Massnavi derives from Rumi’s unique and special approach on one hand, while it is the result of his personal findings and understandings added to his potentiality and talent on the other hand.
Volume 5, Issue 18 (3-2008)
Abstract
M. Fotouhi.PH.D
M. Ali Nejad
Abstract
This essay intends to show that Nima Youshij’s innovation is not limited to breaking the forms within the old traditions. In addition to bringing about innovations in the poetic form and creating new approaches and conceptual experiences, he also created a very new and unique form in the Persian poetry. In the present essay this form is called “Organic Symbol”, which is a special poetic structure. In it a phenomenon, or an image, becomes the major focus of the poet, and gradually that image takes over the whole poem and finally turns into a compressed symbol for both the literary and artistic concepts. This poetic form covers over 20% of Nima’s poetry and faced the acclaim of the contemporary poets; therefore part of the well-known Persian contemporary poetry is composed in the same form. This essay discusses the entity and basic principles of this poetic structure and its development, while it also points to the influential factors leading to the foundation of this poetic form during the mentioned period in Iran’s history.
Volume 5, Issue 19 (6-2008)
Abstract
Fereshteh Rostami
Abstract:
Since some time ago researchers discovered that the link between the artist’s art and spirit is mutual and through encoding an artistic work, one can find his way into the artist’s essence and intrinsic world.
This report means to show how the author’s mentality leads to his insight and then describing an image in his writing. It intends to show how each selected image reveals part of a writer’s mysterious and complex inner world and the question raised in here is; ‘is there really a distance between the literary domain and the artist’s mind?’
Bijan Najdi’s short stories- the contemporary writer- enjoys many beautiful pure images, and therefore they are analyzed and studied from this perspective in here. How does Najdi view the events and what inside him causes him to reflect the images as he does?
The methodology is based on gathering and exploring information. The data covers the research in five basic branches; imagination and image; symbol and archetype, dark image, sympathy with objects, childlike view in the description of images, and finally the outcomes are explained and elaborated.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Abstract The mysterious world of legend exists everywhere and every time with no source except the people’s belief. The Legend of Kaveh is linked with the thought and desires of Iran’s people, as well as their legends and fatherland. Iran legendary history is of great importance. For more cogitation, the legend of Kaveh will be investigated in the history and legend. Colloquial conveyance of a legend is rooted in the social behavior rather than in the individual one. In the present study, the legend of Kaveh has been considered as a victorious rebellion in the national history of Iran. Kaveh was not mentioned in the religious literature of Pahlavi at all and has no legendary antiquity. KavehAhangar (blacksmith) was first created in Shahnameh by Ferdowsi and later in the works of historians of Islamic era. It seems that this legend has been created after Ashkanid era and engraved in the legendary history of Sasaniid era. The Legend of Kaveh, as a symbol of a victorious rebellion, is reminder of those people who desire to change their destinies. Detailed description of this legend is mentioned in three chapters: A) History of the Legend of Kaveh Rebellion, B) Kaveh and Kaviani Banner, C) The Legend of Kaveh, Zahak, Fereidoun and Jamshid.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Abstract One of the topics that have been very much considered by the poets, it's a chess game. This game is from the themes seen in Arabic poetry, especially poetry of the Abbasid poets and Persian poets of the Iraqi and Azerbaijani style. Due to the prevalence of chess in various literary periods and the king's interest in it, the poets have been able to reveal their thoughts and emotions and the theme of their minds through the symbolic use of chess and vertebras. The purpose of this study is to compare the poetry of the Arab poets of the Abbasid period and the poets of the Iraqi and Azerbaijani style of Persian literature. The research method is descriptive-analytical in order to find out the chess phenomena in the poems of these two periods. The results of this research show that the symbol of chess has different meanings in Arabic and Persian poems. It can be said that the common themes of chess in the poems of the Arab poets of the Abbasid period and the style of Iraqi and Azerbaijani is that Iranian and Arab poets in some of their poems have likened the chessboard to worldly life due to the instability of its vertebrate on the chess board. And they consider chess as a tool for entertainment and a tool for polishing and defining mind or intellect. They also explain the scene of war and destiny and having a wisdom in life by interpreting the game.
Volume 6, Issue 8 (9-2021)
Abstract
Due to its richness and long history, Iranian mysticism has been able to fascinate everyone. In Iranian mysticism, the goal of the seeker is to gain knowledge through the stages of conduct and strive to purify his soul. Comparative literature is a suitable context that plays an important role in this regard. In the meantime, Muhammad Adam, a modern poet, gifted and alive in Egypt, whose poetic life is tied to mysticism and Sufism; In some of his poems, he mentions mystical-Iranian thoughts that have been influenced by them. Therefore, the present study seeks to show how Mohammad Adam Adam's poetry is influenced by Iranian mysticism through a descriptive-analytical method. This research is generally divided into three main sections. In the first part, Iranian mystics who were influenced by Mohammad Adam, in the second part, common mystical terms and in the final part, common mystical symbols with these mystics in his poetry are examined. The findings of the research indicate that Mohammad Adam has benefited from the boiling source of Iranian mystics, among whom are: Rumi, Suhrawardi, Hallaj and Ghazali. Also among the manifestations of Mohammad Adam's influence on Iranian mysticism, common mystical terms such as: 1) existence and non-existence 2) love 3) praise of God 4) soul 5) unity 6) travel and also common mystical symbols with Iranian mystics including: 1- Light 2- Candle 3- Fish 4- Night.