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The use of statistical methods based on corpora in humanities and literature researches is expanding. These methods can be used in studies of stylistics, literary criticism and comparative literature. Finding the pattern of language changes in different language varieties and investigating the existence of similarities and differences of language in different linguistic contexts is very important from the point of view of linguistic knowledge. Our main problem in this research is that what are the lexical and syntactic differences between the four registers of the  contemporary Persian language and how can they be analyzed and explained. For this purpose, four corpora of literary, news, scientific and legal languages ​​were created and labeled. Counting and statistics were done with the help of software programs and quantitative results were obtained. finally, these results were examined and analyzed based on situational context. The findings of this research showed that some linguistic features have significant differences in different registers. For example, the frequency of occurrence of verbs, pronouns and adverbs in the literary register and the frequency of occurrence of adjectives in the scientific register are clearly higher than other registers. Putting these characteristic features together can be a criterion for differentiating linguistic varieties.

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This study applies artificial neural networks (ANNs) to assess the impact of climate factors on the collaborative development of agriculture and logistics in Zhejiang, China. The ANN model investigates how average temperature and rainfall from 2017-2022 influence crop yield, water usage, energy demand, logistics efficiency, and economic growth at yearly and seasonal scales. By training the neural network using temperature and rainfall data obtained from ten weather stations, alongside output indicators sourced from statistical yearbooks, the ANN demonstrates exceptional precision, yielding an average R² value of 0.9725 when compared to real-world outputs through linear regression analysis. Notably, the study reveals climate-induced variations in outputs, with peaks observed in crop yield, water consumption, energy usage, and economic growth during warmer summers that surpass historical norms by 1-2°C. Furthermore, the presence of subpar rainfall ranging from 20-30 mm also exerts an influence on these patterns. Seasonal forecasts underscore discernible reactions to climatic factors, especially during the spring and summer seasons. The findings underscore the intricate relationship between environmental and economic factors, indicating progress in agricultural practices but vulnerability to short-term climate fluctuations. The study emphasizes the necessity of adapting supply management to address increased water demands and transitioning to clean energy sources due to rising energy consumption. Moreover, optimizing logistics requires strategic seasonal infrastructure planning.

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The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. is one of the important arthropod pathogens that can play an important role in the regulation of mite populations in agricultural ecosystems. In this study, the combined effect of a native isolate of fungus B. bassiana (EUT105) and ether-extract of plant, Ginkgo biloba was evaluated against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. At first, effect of three concentrations 5, 10 and 20% of G. biloba was evaluated on B. bassiana conidial germination and mycelial growth. Then, potential synergism between B. bassiana and G. biloba was investigated in order to incorporate both in the control of this pest. Only the 20% concentration of plant extract had significantly inhibitive effect on germination and mycelial growth. The mortality of adult female T. urticae increased significantly when B. bassiana was applied with 5 and 10% concentrations of G. biloba extract. Hence, there is a synergistic effect between this native B. bassiana and ether-extract of G. biloba in controlling the two-spotted spider mite.

 

 

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The act of a political offender which is manifested in depicting the ineffectiveness of a governing structure or policy with a reformation motive and without violence requires a distinct legislative strategy and differential trial over ordinary criminals.
   In countries that have recognized the principle of freedom of expression, there has been no criminalization of political activities at all, but in countries where criminalization has done, penalizing in comparison to other cases especially with regard to security offenses, is balanced and distinctive.
   In Iran, after nearly four decades after the promise of the constitution to define political offences in ordinary law and how to investigate it, finally in 2015, the Law of Political Offence was adopted. However, on the one hand, the legal ambiguity about the definition of political offences and the explanation of its cases violates the "transparency principle" and has provided the basis for interpretability of legal articles and dispersion in judgments. On the other hand, judges' stereotype in considering any protesting behavior or speech of citizens anti-security due to legislator's high sensitivity to banning any act or statement of protest or critique of the sovereignty and also preferring the presumption of guilt and malice instead of the presumption of Innocence and prima facie by judges has become a serious obstacle in the way of differential investigation to political charges.  This research, in a descriptive-analytical way, explores the criminal policy of Iran with regard to political offence and its challenges using library resources.

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Logistic regression (LR) was used to model urban growth between the years 1987 and 2001 in Gorgan city, north east of Iran. Three groups of variables including economic-social, land use and biophysical variables were used in the modeling practice. Using covariance of the independent variables, distance to administrative and sporting centers plus distance to cities were removed. ROC (Relative Operating Characteristic) value for LR was 0.87 that confirmed success of the modeling method. Using maps of urban growth probability predicted by the LR model, urban distribution patterns for the years 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 were created. Land use maps for the years 2001-2050 were created using urban probability pattern maps and the base land use map of the year 1987. We used landscape metrics at class and landscape levels to compare the urban growth effects on other land use types present in the area. The comparison showed that urban development influences agriculture and pasture land use types more than other land uses. Also, we found that the landscape in the study area has undergone fragmentation and will become more fragmented and heterogeneous over time. Urban growth creates higher urban patchiness and increases the number of pasture and agricultural patches. The information thus obtained is helpful in more effective management of the area.

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The identity of a society is a tool for distinguishing different nations from each other based on a common concept or predetermined concepts. The strong sense of identity can be considered as a social capital. In addition, social capital and social identity are the result of tangible social relationships, which are understandable by the society. They Also have strong affects on each other. With respect to this relationship, this paper verifies the relationship between identity and social capital. The data were gathered from the world values data of 70 countries according to the definitions of the variables. The results by logistic regression showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social identity and social capital.

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It does not take much time to use the term "confession" in Iran. Less than five decades, the minds of our scholars and planners have become familiar with this concept. Adjustment is the regulation of the relationship between man and space, and essentially involves human activities in space. The purpose of regulating this relationship is to use a rational utilization of all facilities in order to improve the material and spiritual condition of society over time.  In this regard, the purpose of this study is to study the distribution of the border areas of the Oman Sea from Bandar Abbas to the Persian Gulf. Using the SWOT model, it looks at the strengths of the Bandar Abbas to the Goethe Bay, and then proposes proposals to address the problems and deficiencies that are tailored to the conditions in which these border regions are located. It is expected that the results of this study will lead policy makers and planners to the optimal development of the border areas of the Oman Sea. Unfortunately, despite the sensitivity and importance of the issue, in the history of land planning, environmental and defense considerations have been marginalized and have not been seriously addressed. Which could result in security consequences and the collapse of territorial unity and territorial integrity in various dimensions and threaten the power and national authority.
In this regard, based on the issue and the purpose of the research, the following question has been asked: 1.What are the factors that determine the distribution of the border areas of the Oman Sea from Bandar Abbas to the port of Goater? In line with the research question, the proposed hypothesis included: 1- The distribution of the border areas of the Oman Sea from Bandar Abbas to the port of Goater depends on the political and security factors of the border regions.
 

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Background: Cardiac Catheterization is a critical health status which requires standardized care policies, as well as it needs qualified and skilled health provider to obtain good outcome of management.This study aimed toassess the knowledge and practice of nurses regarding patient safety after cardiac catheterization.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Punjab Institute of cardiology located in Lahore, Pakistan from 01^st December 2016 to 31^st March, 2017. 171 female nurses through using convenient sampling technique were included in the study. Questionnaire with multiple choice was used to collect data. Likert scale for multiple choose questionnaires regarding knowledge and practice of the nurses were used Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Results: Out of 171 participants, all (N = 171) were female, most nurses had job experience of 2-5 years and 6-10 years, they were represented by 34.5% and 31.0% respectively. Mean of total knowledge was found good, when compared to mean of practice which was poor. This showed that nurses have good knowledge about post cardiac catheterization complication. It was found significant value of P < 0.0001 by applying correlation, that showed there was a good association between knowledge and practice (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: There was positive association between the knowledge and practice about patient’s safety after Cardiac Catheterization among Pakistanis registered nurses. Nurses those have proper knowledge and practice could help in rehabilitation of patients.

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The contemporary literary theorists have examined different literary genres from different viewpoints. Among them Mikhael Bakhtin, a distinguished Russian literary critic, is a standout. Highlighting his key concept of dialogism, Bakhtin from among different literary genres describes the novel, specially Dastayovski's novels as possessing dialogic or Polyphonic quality. In such novels, the voice of the narrator isn’t dominant but is beside other voices. Among Persian literary classic texts, Masnavi – ye Manavi is one of the few texts in which the debates and dialogues between its story allegorical characters is considerably conformable to the components Bakhtin considers for dialogism. We raise and describe this conformability in this article.

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In this essay parody will be discussed in the sphere of modern literary theories. In some of literary theories, parody is used as a literary genre to explain dominant processes and mechanisms in literary discourse, and some of them, such as deconstruction, operate as parody. According to Russian formalists, parody is a literary genre that, in the most effective way, represents evolution of literary genres and defamiliarization of literary texts. Mikhail Bakhtin places parody in his dialogism theory, too. According to structuralists too Parody is one of the complex and secondary literary genres that represents intertexuality.The relation between parody and deconstruction is connected to the way they act. Parody and deconstruction implicitly are the same, by breaching and inhabiting in former texts: they cause breaking and destruction of these texts.

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Background: Land use planning is a science that determines the type of land use through studying the ecological and socio-economic characteristics of the land.
Materials and Methods: A systematic method known as the Makhdoom Model was used for the analysis of maps to evaluate the land use and natural resources for future sustainable land planning of an area in Sistan region, using GIS as a tool. For this purpose, the ecological capability maps of different land uses, including forest and range, agriculture, ecotourism, rural and urban development were initially prepared by overlaying geographical maps in GIS for the study area. Then, the prioritization of land uses was assessed using a quantitative model by considering the ecological and socio-economic characteristics of the study area.
Results: The results indicated that the maximum area of the proposed uses (28.7%) was related to conservation, showing this land use had high potential in the study area. Also, the minimum area of proposed uses was related to dry farming.
Discussion and Conclusions: This research proved that quantitative methods can be more useful than classic methods (qualitative).

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For the first time, Julia Kristeva, while exploring Bakhtine's ideas such as "dialogical logic" and their application to literary texts, introduced the term of "intertextuality". She considered intertextual relations and considerations as rationales in freeing the literary text from a limited semantic system. From then on, Kristeva and other post-structuralists such as Roland Barthes extended many of the ideas associated with "dialogism" and they approved that every literary text have a continuous and solid link with other texts. From this perspective, none of the text is lone and novel rather and emerged and derived from different and plural cultural origins. In this paper, for applying the intertextuality theory to the contemporary Iranian poetry, we have chosen poems of Qeysar Aminpour and believe that intertextual relations and considerations in his poetry have institutionalized a remarkable essence of dialogism and have substantially led to complete the meaning of his text. In other words, we believe that the intertextual considerations and relations in Aminpour's poetry fulfill two principal functions: "create the character of dialogism" and "help complete the basic implications of meaning". In this paper, apart from explaining the results which are obtained in the light of intertextual reading of Aminpour's poetry, it aims to examine the possibility of applying this theory to other poetry especially the contemporary Iranian poetry.

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Background:The online and efficient information about the spatial distribution of wildfire susceptibility and occurrence has a major role in improving of fire prevention activities.
Materials and Methods: In this study a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) approach was used for modeling wildfire susceptibility in East Azerbaijan Province and a webGIS system called fire susceptibility webGIS system (FSWS) was developed to easily share and utilize data and facilities among local people and managers. The methodology was composed of three different phases. First, dependent and independent variables were produced by several methods includingimage processing technique, interpolation method and GIS analysis. Next, the wildfire susceptibility was analyzed by using a MaxEnt approach to predict the possibility of wildfire occurrence based on history of wildfire data and environmental variables (anthropogenic, topography, climate and vegetation datasets) during 2005–2015 and the model performs well in terms of accuracy, with an area under ROC curve (AUC) value of 0.909. Finally, the webGIS system was developed by up to date and proper information.
Results: This webGIS system was provided from the spatial database of variables, wildfire susceptibility map, fire occurrence layers and base maps. FSWS was set up based on ArcGIS component and provided the facilities and capabilities of a web application that would be used by any user even without any prior knowledge of the GIS field.
Conclusions: By FSWS, the environmental authorities will be able to design many operational plans to control the wildfires, supporting conservation managers in improving pre-fire management and raise the awareness among the local people.

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In order to examine possible integration between irradiation and botanical pesticides, combined effects of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and gamma radiation were determined on mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Experiments were conducted by pretreatment with essential oil fumigation followed by irradiation and inversely, pretreatment with irradiation followed by essential oil fumigation. The mortality rate was assessed 72 h after last treatment. Integration of gamma radiation and R. officinalis oil enhanced the mortality of C. maculatus compared with control treatments of either irradiation or fumigation alone. Synergistic effects of mortality on 1-2 days old adults of C. maculatus were observed when exposed to combination of gamma radiation and essential oil. It was found that pretreatment with fumigation followed by irradiation was perfectly effective. The study showed that either of the pre- treatments could enhance the susceptibility of the pest to the other treatment. Our findings led to a conclusion that the combination of gamma radiation and R. officinalis oilfumigation has a potential for application in integrated management of C. maculatus.

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Based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s point of view, the Dialogism, novel, more than anything else, is a linguistic phenomenon, which has a fair correlation between its genuine and its feature of heteroglossia. Language expresses the different social and ideological approaches of the utterances within a translinguistics framework. So the novel compiles all of these diverse social and ideological discourses and utterances. Different Character zones and discourses of the narrator, and embedded genres create a world of different voices and ideologies. From a feminist critique perspective (Gyno criticism), the novel Cheraghha ra Man Khamush Mikonam (I turn off the lights), applies social and cultural differences in different discourses to indicate the writer’s womanly standpoint through various social languages and utterences, and therefore, makes grounds for the promotion of the womanly voice in a multi-linguistic system. Here, through a descriptive-analytical method, we are going to study the “Heteroglossia” feature in the novel Cheraghha ra Man Khamush Mikonam written by Zoya Pirzad in the light of Bakhtin’s dialogism, and also from the Gyno criticism point of view, to analyze the diversity of discourses in this womanly novel. In this novel, the womanly awareness is indicated by the writer, the double-voiced discourse consists of the writer’s double-voice discourse and that of the narrator, embedded genres and the Character’s zones display the different social and cultural levels available, which also result in the appearance of a womanly world in the novel.

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The never-ending magical discourse of Hāfiz of Shiraz has become an artistic puzzle and through the analysis of his words, many have provided with recurring themes. Particularly, the ghazals of Hooshang Ebtehāj (H. A. Sāyeh) bear the rich textual and extra-textual resemblances to the ghazals of Hāfiz and declare a historical and inmost dialogue with the Hāfizian art and thought. In this paper, I aim to present dialogism to put Mikhail Bakhtin's literary-social theory of the text in practical use by application of a Persian poetical tradition, "Javāb-Gooyee" and Sāyeh's approaching to Hāfiz. By this we can also criticize some remarks on the decadence and imitational style of his poetry. In general, the Sāyeh’s dialogical Hāfiz-oriented ghazals will be studied intertextually and discursively on the basis of some views of structuralists as Roland Barthes and Julia Kristeva. I should conclude briefly that Sāyeh's dialogism haunts between the text and the community. On one hand, his intertextual references are often restricted to the syntagmatic axis, especially to reproduction of lingual codes, rhetorical devices, and prosody of Hāfiz and on the other hand, his historical discourse, especially on three characteristics namely society, human, and love take a polemical stand against discourse of Hāfiz.

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The combined effect of gamma radiation and Carum copticum C. B. Clarke essential oil were determined for the management of Tribolium confusum Du Val larvae and adults. Experiments were carried out at 27 ± 1 ºC and 65 ± 5% R. H. under dark condition and three steps were designed: (A) Application of gamma radiation and essential oil at the same time. (B) Irradiation followed by essential oil. (C) Essential oil followed by irradiation. Radiation doses of 100 to 500 Gy were applied in combination with 5.97, 7.52 and 10.47 μl/l air of essential oil for the adults and 1.91, 4.08 and 12.02 μl/l for the larvae. The result showed that the combination of gamma radiation with C. copticum oil increased larval and adult mortality compared with the control, so that, the interaction of 500 Gy with 10.47 μl/l air for adults and 12.02 μl/l air for larvae caused 100% mortality in 13 and 8 days, respectively; although 100% of the larvae and adults mortality at 500 Gy alone caused within 22 days. It was revealed that the combination of irradiation and essential oils could be used as an effective control method and a good alternative to fumigants. 

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