General users only can access the published articles
Showing 283 results for Subject:
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
This paper deals with the object agreement phenomenon in the transcriptions written in Middle Persian language. This study is a descriptive study and is classified as a library research. The collected data from transcriptions in Middle Persian language namely as Ardā-Virāf-nāmeh, Bundahishn, Dānāk u Mainyo-ī Khard, Dēnkard Book 5, Rivāyat ī Ādurfarrōbay i Farrōkhzādān, and Vizidagiha-ye Zadesparam have been analyzed based on the theoretical background of Dalrymple and Nikolaeva (2011). The analysis of the collected data showed that in the Middle Persian Language in some cases the verb instead of the subject, agrees with the object of the sentence in number and person features. This phenomenon happens only when the sentence has the transitive verb in the past tense and there is no object agreement for transitive verbs inflected for other tenses. Moreover, the object agreement in the Middle Persian has no relation with the animacy and definiteness characteristics of the object. A comparison between the results of this research and the findings of the Dalrymple and Nikolaeva (2011) shows that object agreement is the Middle Persian is a syntactic phenomenon based on the tenses of the sentence that just occurred when the transitive verb was in the past tense. This phenomenon can show the diachronic changes of the Persian Language for the emergence of the ergative system in the Persian Language.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (نهایی، انجام نشده 2025)
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the aggregate analysis of linguistic variables of South Ruedbar language varieties in Kerman province by using the dialectometry and mapping software package with a quantitative and holistic approach. Data collection has been done from 22 sites from the south seven cities of Kerman province. For this purpose, a questionnaire containing 208 words and 10 basic sentences based on ‘National Language Atlas Project Questionnaire of Iran’ and ‘Morris Swadesh basic list words’ are used. The validity of mentioned questionnaire was 0.98 based on Cronbach’s alpha test. The results of aggregate analysis showed that 6 major dialect clusters are distinct and these dialect clusters are divided into subclusters. Each of these dialect clusters has distinct phonetical, phonological, morphological, or syntactical features that set it apart from other clusters. Based on statistical analysis, the ‘A’ dialect cluster due to the use of the continuous prefix /mi-/ and plural suffix /-hɑ/ in comparison to other clusters has the highest similarity and the ‘B’ cluster in cases such as the use of the infinitive suffix /-eng/ and continuous suffix /-æ/ has the highest difference in terms of morphology and syntacticity with the standard Persian. The ‘J’, ‘D’, ‘H’ and ‘V’ dialect clusters despite their distinction from the standard Persian, as the use of the continuous prefix /-ʔæ/ and plural suffix /-on/, are most similar to Aeach other and in terms of phonetic process and the presence of South Ruedbar variety special phones are similar to ‘B’cluster.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Every country has different languages. Some are standard, while others are non-standard. This research looks at how often people in Iran use standard and non-standard language. It also looks at other factors like age, gender, education, occupation, and income. It also looks at how people feel about different language groups. The data were collected from 314 people in 10 Iranian ethnic groups living in Tehran. They were analyzed using SPSS software and Foucault's theories of power and discourse silence. The results show that people over 50 use their native language or dialect more because they have more social power. Men have replaced non-standard language with standard language. As education level rises, people use less non-standard language. Non-criteria type is more common among retirees than other occupations. Those with a strong financial status have replaced non-criteria type with the criterion type. Those with a weak financial status have the most non-criteria type speech silence. Speakers of languages with strong attitudes toward language use are less likely to speak up in many social situations. They often use non-standard language instead of standard language.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Abstract: This paper investigates the polysemy of the Persian word /širin/ from the perspective of cognitive sociolinguistics. It starts with introducing the principles of cognitive sociolinguistics, then investigates the polysemy of the Persian adjective /širin/ within the framework introduced by Robinson (2010), (2012a), (2012b), and (2014), to show that polysemy cannot be reduced to a static state, one and the same for all speakers of the language. In fact, social variables like age and gender affect the way people perceive different senses of the polysemous word. The data is gathered using documentary and field method(library research, interviews, and questionnaires). The research method employed is mixed(quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population is all monolingual Persian speakers living in Tehran, and the sample includes 200 subjects, 100 male and 100 females, in four different age groups of under 18, between 18 and 30, between 30 and 60, and above 60 years old. The results show that different senses of the polysemous word do not have the same distribution among different speakers, both male and female, belonging to different age groups, and are not accidental but explainable in terms of gender and age of the speakers. The results also indicate that cognitive sociolinguistics is more adequate in giving more exact explanations concerning meaning variation in polysemous words and the effect of social variables of age and gender on the number and salience of each sense.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
In the sign-semantics of discourse that has a process function, unlike constructionist semiotics in which pre-made and non-fluid meaning is considered, the meaning is born of a dynamic and destabilizing tension between the linguistic levels of form and content; The fluidity and plurality of meaning in this attitude is due to the comparative interaction of feeling, perception and recognition of signs and meanings. The dominant discourse on the two poems "Ali.. Ghassan Kanfani" by Al-Fituri and "Marg Nazli" by Shamlou, relies on extensive and compressed communication; Since this discourse is born in the coexistence of sensory-perceptual and aesthetic functions, it inherits tense-emotional characteristics. The aim of the present research is to analyze these functions and explain the sign-semantic characteristics that dominate them in order to explain the meaning production conditions.This research is aimed at using, to show how the narrators of these two poems, through their special performance, in Dissociation from the limited personal me and attachment to the collective and transcendental me have been placed, and with the mechanism adopted by the speaker, the personal and private me of the agitator has been cut off from himself and connected with the transcendental me, and by extending the domain of presence Mythological heroes from a limited and historical time and place have caused the stabilization and expansion of their "presence" and "wide-ranging and decisive influence" in the world of the text; Also, the object by referring to a semiotic system has ensured the prismaticity and polyphony of the text.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to determine the average perceptual strength of the five senses in the Persian language based on average perceptual strength hierarchy by Lynott and Connell (2009). To achieve this goal, (100) commonly used Persian sensory adjectives and (25) native Persian-speaking subjects were used to express their level of sensory perception of each adjective based on the 5-point Likert Scale. Also, (20) other subjects were asked to choose names for the given adjectives. These tests were carried out to answer these questions: what percentage of adjectives are exclusively attributed to one of the five senses, how much was the total score of each sense on the 5-point Likert Scale, and as overall which sense has the highest average perceptual strength؟ Also is the rate of collocations of names and adjectives of the same domain more than the collocations of nouns and adjectives of different domains, as Lynott and Connell believe? The results showed the average perceptual strength of the senses in Persian data is different from the findings of Lynott and Connell (2009) only in the position of the sense of hearing, also according to their findings, the sense of vision has the highest and the sense of smell has the lowest average perceptual strength among the five senses. In terms of collocation of names and adjectives, it was found that with a little consideration, Lynott and Connell’s idea about the larger number of the same-domain sensory name- adjective collocations can be accepted.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2023)
Abstract
Children's poetry is a suitable and effective platform for moral and social development and increasing their mental and cognitive abilities. In this respect and due to the importance of the content of children's literary works in the education system, it is necessary to understand children's poetry from different angles. People's culture is a wide collection of elements related to the material and spiritual life of the people of a land, which preservation and transmission to the children's audience and strengthening its place in the thoughts of composers of this field is the reason for the influence and creative productivity of this rich culture. Among them, material traditions are people's daily issues such as tools, food, clothing and vehicles. The present essay examines the reflection of these material traditions in Shaaban Nejad's epic poems. review method; Analytical-descriptive based on library sources. The results show; Shaaban Nejad's poetry as a main source in research; It has a clear and conscious link with people's culture. By using the material examples of people's culture, he connects the past and the present together, with the help of narration, rhythm and song, wide range of vocabulary, imagery and literary works, he displays his ancient roots for the child of the modern world and flourishes and The stability of children's and adolescent literature in Persian language.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
This study employs graph theory to analyze the semantic network of Persian verbs among bilingual speakers. Situated within the frameworks of cognitive linguistics, lexical semantics (cognitive semantics), and computational linguistics, the research involves administering a questionnaire comprising 50 basic Persian verbs to participants, asking them to map the conceptual and intra-linguistic relationships between these verbs.The primary objective is to identify the most robust and frequent conceptual and intra-linguistic links among these verbs and to provide a detailed description of the graph structure constructed by bilingual speakers. The study seeks to address the question: What typology of conceptual and intra-linguistic relations is reflected in the graph patterns of non-Persian-speaking Iranians? The working hypothesis posits that semantic relations such as synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, and collocation will manifest in this network.The methodology is field-based, and the instrument used is a localized questionnaire. Participants were instructed to diagrammatically represent any semantic relationships among the verbs provided.The findings demonstrate that the semantic graph constructed by Iranian bilinguals exhibits semantic relations such as synonymy (6.45%), reverse antonymy (34.94%), polysemy (7.79%), entailment (11.01%) (comprising "type-of" relations at 8.60% and "part-of" relations at 2.41%), as well as intra-linguistic collocation (28.22%). Among these, collocation, entailment, and antonymy were the most frequent relations, respectively.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
In this research, teaching Persian nominal suffixes and affixoid (kar, gar, ban, baz, -ande) in derived words to non-Persian speakers using two explicit and implicit methods has been discussed. In direct/explicit approach, the achievements and fundamentals of cognitive morphology approach developed by Hamawand (2011) were used, and in indirect/incidental approach, texts containing derived words were taught to language learners. In this study, 16 Farsi learners at advanced level from Azfa Center of Allameh Tabatabai University and Shahid Beheshti University were examined in the form of two control and experimental groups. Language learners participated in two tests as pre-test and post-test. The results of this research, based on descriptive statistics, showed that teaching noun suffixes by using Hamavand's achievements and cognitive morphology and the three cognitive functions of categorization, configuration and conceptualization along with prototype and periphery concepts can be effective and useful in improving vocabulary knowledge. In general, it seems that informing Persian learners about the lexical and semantic structure of derived words increases their linguistic knowledge and learning level.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted for Publication 2024)
Abstract
Aim and Introduction
Tourism destinations are neither homogeneous nor universally competitive products, and it is inappropriate to evaluate tourists’ destination choices based on simplified assumptions that disregard perceptual factors. Despite this, most studies on tourism demand rely heavily on quantitative variables, particularly macro-level data, due to the challenges associated with measuring non-quantitative dimensions.
In the context of Iran as a cultural-historical tourism destination, travel costs appear to have limited influence on tourists’ decision-making. If such factors were decisive, the devaluation of the Iranian rial would have significantly increased the influx of foreign tourists. Instead, it seems that qualitative factors, especially those linked to tourists’ perceptions and experiences, play a more substantial role in shaping tourism demand.
The novelty of this study lies in its emphasis on perceptual variables in estimating the tourism demand function for the city of Isfahan, a renowned cultural-historical destination.
Methodology
The tourism demand model was estimated using the logit method. The study’s target population consists of cultural-historical tourists, and the sample includes 335 respondents, selected via convenience sampling from locations in Isfahan, cyberspace, and Istanbul.
Results and Discussion
Among conventional quantitative variables commonly used in tourism demand models, only the distance variable proved to be statistically significant. Greater distance between the tourist’s origin and the destination imposes higher time and monetary costs, thereby reducing demand. However, in the case of a unique cultural-historical destination, the exclusivity of the tourism offering may prompt motivated tourists to overcome distance-related obstacles to reach the desired destination.
The estimation results show that the coefficient for the distance variable is –0.049, indicating a negative relationship between distance and the probability of choosing Isfahan as a travel destination. This implies that for each unit increase in distance, the likelihood of travel to Isfahan decreases by approximately 5%. Nevertheless, the relatively small magnitude of the coefficient suggests that, despite the inverse relationship, distance may not constitute a decisive factor in deterring travel to culturally significant destinations.
Furthermore, the coefficient for the safety and security variable was estimated at 0.207 and found to be statistically significant. This finding reveals that a one-unit increase in the perceived level of safety and security at the destination raises the probability of travel to that destination by approximately 21%. This highlights the critical role of perceptual variables—particularly safety and security—in shaping tourism demand.
The results also indicate that the quality of services at the destination, encompassing accommodation and catering services, significantly influences tourism demand. The strong significance of this variable, following the safety and security factor, underscores its substantial role in shaping tourists’ travel decisions.
In contrast, the price variable, although theoretically expected to exhibit a negative relationship with demand—consistent with consumer demand theory—was not found to be statistically significant. This result underscores the dominant role of qualitative variables in influencing tourism demand, suggesting that these factors may outweigh the influence of traditional quantitative indicators such as price.
Conclusion
The findings of this study reveal that the most influential factor affecting tourism demand in Isfahan is the perceived safety and security at the destination. As a key perceptual variable, its impact surpasses that of more traditional economic indicators, emphasizing the importance of fostering a strong sense of security among potential tourists. Accordingly, strategic efforts aimed at enhancing Iran’s international image and strengthening Isfahan’s reputation as a safe destination in key target markets are essential.
The lack of statistical significance for two conventional quantitative variables—price and income—can be interpreted in light of the dominant influence of perceived security. Despite Iran’s position as one of the most affordable tourist destinations globally, concerns regarding safety appear to override cost advantages. Drawing on Lancaster’s theory, which conceptualizes travel as a multidimensional product, this study highlights the pivotal role of qualitative variables such as safety, service quality, and the local community’s attitudes toward tourists. These factors evidently hold greater significance in the decision-making process than price or income, suggesting a paradigm shift in how tourism demand should be modeled and understood.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (Autumn 2017)
Abstract
In this research,nanocomposite coatings based on epoxy containing pristine graphene oxide and starch-modified graphene oxide are prepared and characterized by Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, andtheir crosslinking behavior is studied using nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry.These nanocomposites, because of having platelet-like nanomaterials inside and their organic origin, can be applied as coating on metal surface in diverse industries.The reason behind using starch was its natural basis and abundance of hydroxyl groups in its structure which can take part in crosslinking reaction with epoxide. Neat epoxy systems having amine curing agent, and nanocomposites containing epoxy, amine curing agent, andpristine or starch-modified graphene oxide nanosheets were cure at different heating rates to assess their curing behavior. Change in hearing rate of test caused change in onset and peak temperature of the exotherm curves and consequently heat of reaction changed. It was observed that the presence of the graphene oxide nanosheets hindered the crosslinking reactions, while surface modification of them with starch natural polymer compensated for such a hindrance via catalytic role of starch, and increased crosslink density of system.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (spring 2020)
Abstract
The item of livability is one of the closest concepts to the quality of life that through it an ideal environmental society can be estimated. Therefore, any increasing or decreasing in the amount of livability is a means to evaluate staying inhabitants in the neighborhoods, regions, and cities. Also, it is a measurement for estimating the quality of life. While the city is developing, at the same time, all its traditional, new and periphery neighborhoods are facing to variety of physical, cultural, etc changes. So, due to existence of some challenging issues and necessity of livability to inhabitants, this needs to be assessed. In this study, three different neighborhoods including Haji, Etemadieh, and Mazdaghineh are investigated. It is interesting that all of them situated in 2 region municipality in Hamedan. There would be four components including physical-spatial, social-cultural, economic, and environmental items. The analytical-comparative methodology is used and in order to data analyzing and final evaluations, SPSS 19 and Expert Choice 10 technique is implemented and finally AHP method is used. To gather data observing, completion questionaires by residetial neighborhood and interviews with experts are used. Final results exhibited that the amount of livability in the neighborhood of Etemadieh is the most, nearly 0.431 points, and Haji and Mazdaghineh respectively are the second and the third livability neighborhoods with 0.322 and 0.246 points. The physical and economic components in Haji neighborhood are more favorable than other neighborhoods, but the social component in Mazdaqineh neighborhood is superior to the other two neighborhoods. The Etemadiyeh neighborhood is also a priority in the environmental component over other neighborhoods.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (Winter 2023)
Abstract
Volume 1, Issue 2 (NO. 2- 2009)
Abstract
Social trust means more people in your life trust to each other. But the scope and radius of this trust do not have fixed form, therefore, we have two forms of trust: particular trust and universal trust. In this paper, after designing of the problem, the conceptual and theoretical dimensions of trust, radius and range of social trust were inquired. Then with considering the variables of objective participation, generalized trust, reciprocity, sense of social security and optimism that constitute conceptual and empirical models of this essay, the subject were explained. 18 years old and above residents of Kashan city make the population of this article. After selecting a sample of this population by survey and technique questionnaire, the data were collected and analyzed. The results of this study showed that the radius and range of social trust in Kashan are located at an intermediate level. There is significant relationship between the independent variables of conceptual model and dependent variables. The variables entered the equation can have a good predictability, showing that the scope and radius of trust can be developed as they are improved.
Volume 1, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Volume 1, Issue 2 (winter 2018)
Abstract
Dispersion type of layered clay plated in aqueous media creates different structures and affects the final properties of its suspension. On the other hand, the presence of different electrolytes in some industrial applications affects the stability of clay suspensions. Considering the application of clay nanoparticles in various industries and the importance of this subject, in this research, the effect of preparation method, nanoparticle concentration, type and ionic strength of electrolytic medium and time elapsed on the stability behavior of laponite nanoparticles suspensions were studied. The results showed that preparing of the suspensions indirectly, results in more stable samples. It was observed that with increasing of sodium chloride concentration, the repulsion between the clay plates decreased and the phase separation and instability of the suspensions increased at higher NaCl concentrations. Furthermore, it was seen that in all electrolyte media, gel-like structure develop with increasing of nanoparticle concentration. In presence of bi-valance CaCl2 salt, most of suspensions were unstable and have two phases and increasing of this salt concentration had not significant effect on their stability. In electrolyte media containing mono- and bi- valance salts (studied in this research), concentration of calcium cation determines the type of stability behavior of laponite nanoparticles suspensions.
Volume 1, Issue 3 (Fall 2020)
Abstract
The necessity of coordinated facades especially in city centers plays an important role in the image of the cities. Setting up a reliable framework is crucial to ensure that this coordination is maintained. However, due to the lack of tools for implementing that framework the roles and regulations in this context remain only written.
The review of complied foreign documents shows that there is an intensive tool that leads to implementing façade design instructions. This tool which is called the ‘Improvement Façade Program’ has been employed in many cities across the world.
This paper aims to propound tools for implementing design instructions specified in the façade context. It is noteworthy that the main purpose of this paper is being familiar with one of the intensive tools for improving façade and applying this tool in Iran requires localization with specific conditions and regulations inside the country.
Volume 1, Issue 3 (Summer 2021)
Abstract
Even today, Sheikh Eshraq's cryptic stories can be a great guide to us. In the sense that they can make human beings and show us the world around them. Because Sheikh in these stories regularly seek to represent the hierarchy of the universe and the position of the human in his proof that the human soul was the abstract light that originated in the set of existence. But the material body that belongs from the sacred universe has fallen to the darkness of the material universe, and it has been captured there. Then happiness comes back to its original itself. So, to identify more the main place soul of human speech in these cryptic stories, he has arranged the quadruple hierarchy of the universe based on the problem of the sulk and love between lights in the form of secret and the form of detailed that consist of universe wisdom, universe egos, objects, and purgatory universe and example universe among these factors Sheikh Eshraq emphasized the universe or imagination. It is the storytelling scene of his cryptic.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background: The role of the hospital environment as a source of dissemination of pathogens is critical. Environmental surfaces in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are suitable for the growth of Gram-negative bacteria that normally circulate between the environment and patients and can cause outbreaks of nosocomial infections. In this study, the prevalence of Gram-negative bacilli in the environment of the ICUs and neonatal ICU (NICU) of hospitals in the city of Qom was evaluated. Materials and Methods: During a 6 month period from November 2012 to April 2013, samples were collected from environmental surfaces of ICUs of four hospitals and NICU of one hospital located in the city of Qom. Sampling was done from equipment, fluids, and surfaces and identification was carried out based on culture and biochemical tests for Gram-negative bacilli. Results: A total of 230 swab samples was collected and 50 colonies of Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from environmental surfaces. Overall, 64% of the isolates belonged to non-fermentative bacteria and 36% of the isolates belonged to Enterobacteriaceae family. Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii complex accounted for the highest rates of environmental isolates. In addition, Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from NICU. Conclusion: The high frequency of genus Acinetobacter among Gram negative bacteria isolated from environmental surfaces has a public health impact and Acinetobacter spp. should be considered in the infection control programs in hospitals. Isolation of K. pneumoniae should be regarded as a risk factor for fatal neonatal infections.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
Aims: Applying micro-nano structure and biocompatibility methods and technology to produce mortar containing coloured ceramic pigment is a step towards beautiful landscape and urban development.
Methods: The research method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. First, from the analytical-exploratory process, especially in the field of urban planning, and in the field of materials and metallurgy, from the development method, and finally for collecting and analysing information and achievements experimentally (all experimentally), the research reaches numerical results and finally by interpreting qualitative results. Moreover, a little, the research conclusion came to an end.
Findings: Based on the experimental results and the acceptable result of the tests related to the mortar containing micro-nano ceramic pigments that have compressive strength and permeability in cement without additives, the durability of the proposed materials is acceptable. Materials are sustainable in terms of urban development with economic, social, ecosystem benefits, and due to the diversity of colours, these materials are also used in the beautiful landscape.
Conclusion: Eventually, it concluded that using methods and micro-nano structured and biocompatible materials to produce mortar containing ceramic pigment (with coloured ceramic cement) can be a step towards a beautiful landscape urban development.
