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Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Some muslim scholars and theologians believe in monotheistic creation, but others believe that Allah The Almighty has inspired monotheism to man after his creation. Aiming to investigate the collection of Mulla Sadra's works on monotheism (tawhid) and its correspondent beliefs, the Topic-based Discourse Analysis Model (See Mazinani, Alizadeh, and Azad, 1397) was applied. The results were categorised in three sections: claims, warrants/topos, and certainty in assertion. Sadra claims that the belief in the monotheism is Man's very nature and a necessity for his existence. He has made most of his claims by refering to Quranic verses and hadiths by their explicit quotation, implication and interpretation. In the maze of this important matter, this philosopher occasionally takes an implicit rational position by denoting the topos such as "benefit", "harm", "fundamental need", "necessity", "fulfillment of treaties", "trustworthiness" "Pressure", and "attribution", which these can also be infered from the quoted verses and hadiths. Of course, such kind of argumentation by Mulla Sadra makes it difficult for non-Muslims and rationalists to accept his claims and theory. In all the data considered, however, an influential decisive declarative tone prevails in the claims so that no words or signs of doubt or any item suggesting Mitigation Strategy were observed. In the same vein, the Intensification Sterategy application was nearly observed in 20% of the data, and the processes of negation and passivization with their specific function were seen in 10% of the data.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
This study sheds light on Ben Lovatt's idiosyncratic characterization, cognitive impairment, and peculiar perception of the world through the lens of cognitive and stylistic features such as schema and cognitive theories. It explores Ben's inability to make meaningful sense of the outside world, his failure to activate adequate schemata when necessary, and his foregrounded conceptual metaphor. Exploring Ben's foregrounded linguistic and cognitive patterns reveal that Ben, in many aspects, proves the particular belief in the story that he seems to be on the threshold between humanity and animality or a throwback who belongs to centuries ago. However, despite Ben's human-animal hybridity, the most striking point about the analysis of Ben's mind style is that Ben seems to be beyond the descriptions of other characters and has a particular way of seeing the world, which makes him seem different from others. This difference, eventually, causes his exclusion from the world and his suicide.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The increasing ubiquity and impact of audiovisual content has turned it into one of the primary objects of study in a number of disciplines in humanities, including Translation Studies. In the recent decade, audiovisual translation (AVT) has been a thriving research focus in many parts of the world. This article aims at mapping AVT in the context of Iran by reviewing the published Persian AVT research worldwide. The article is organized into two parts: the first part provides an overview of the main research articles, delineating the main research trends in AVT research in Iran. The second part presents and discusses research gaps and areas that merit further scholarly attention by academia. The article concludes that research on the topic in Iran is still in a fairly early stage, with the studies focusing mainly on dubbing and subtitling of audiovisual products. Furthermore, areas such as accessibility and inclusion, in particular, voice-over and game localization are grossly under-researched. To fill the gap, certain areas are highlighted and recommended for future research.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of Farsi multiple interrogatives from the perspective of Superiority Effect (SE). Adopting the Minimalist Program (MP) approach, the presented research and the suggested analysis provides a critique of some extant studies on wh-movement in Farsi Multiple interrogatives and the effect of SE on this type of movement. In contrast to Bošković's (1999) view that Focus Languages do not demonstrate SE, this study shows that Multiple Interrogatives in Farsi, a focus language, indeed demonstrate SE. With this purpose and adopting a descriptive design, in the present study, sample multiple interrogative sentences in Farsi were collected from two sources. The first was previously valid multiple interrogatives studies and the second was the samples that the researcher fabricated for the purpose of analysis. The reliability of the data from the first source is followed from the reliability of the source studies. The reliability of the data from the second source was established by the researcher’s linguistic intuition as a native speaker of Farsi. The data were then analyzed according to the Minimalist Program, and in particular, in terms of wh-movement and SE on this type of movement. The results revealed that unlike previous studies (e.g., Kahnemuyipour, 2001) that fail to explain SE violation cases in Farsi and rules out some varieties of multiple interrogative constructions in Farsi in terms cases of Superiority Condition Violation (SUV), to resolve the problem, a syntactic license was proposed to explain SUV in wh-movement in Farsi multiple interrogatives.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
As a trigger to communication, motivation still includes undiscovered aspects which require further investigation. Hence, considering the newly proposed dual continuum model of motivation, this study investigated the relationships among willingness to communicate (WTC), active/passive motivation, and foreign language achievement (FLA) among 216 high school English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. The modified version of the active/passive motivation scale (APMS) was revalidated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed significant relationships among active/passive motivation, L2WTC, and FLA. Additionally, six models were proposed for the prediction of learners’ L2WTC and FLA. The findings indicated that socio-cultural and sensory-perceptual active motivation as well as cognitive and sensory-perceptual passive motivation significantly predict learners’ L2WTC, while only cognitive active motivation predicts FLA. Furthermore, passive motivation predicts FLA in all sub-constructs. Finally, active motivation is a negative predictor of FLA if mediated by L2WTC. Overall, the study highlights the importance of passive as well as active motivation in promoting WTC and improving FLA among EFL learners.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to determine the average perceptual strength of the five senses in the Persian language based on average perceptual strength hierarchy by Lynott and Connell (2009). To achieve this goal, (100) commonly used Persian sensory adjectives and (25) native Persian-speaking subjects were used to express their level of sensory perception of each adjective based on the 5-point Likert Scale. Also, (20) other subjects were asked to choose names for the given adjectives. These tests were carried out to answer these questions: what percentage of adjectives are exclusively attributed to one of the five senses, how much was the total score of each sense on the 5-point Likert Scale, and as overall which sense has the highest average perceptual strength؟ Also is the rate of collocations of names and adjectives of the same domain more than the collocations of nouns and adjectives of different domains, as Lynott and Connell believe? The results showed the average perceptual strength of the senses in Persian data is different from the findings of Lynott and Connell (2009) only in the position of the sense of hearing, also according to their findings, the sense of vision has the highest and the sense of smell has the lowest average perceptual strength among the five senses. In terms of collocation of names and adjectives, it was found that with a little consideration, Lynott and Connell’s idea about the larger number of the same-domain sensory name- adjective collocations can be accepted.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
One of the outstanding language features in free Nima's poems is his characteristic and distinctive syntax. Nima named this linguistic characteristic as "morphological and syntactic combinations". Examining Nima's syntactic combinations shows that these combinations have functions in Nima's poetry, and one of these functions is its role in creating the music of the poem. Since the syntactic combinations releted to adjectives have a high frequency in Nima's poetry , this article after explaining the types of syntactic combinations of Nima in adjectives; such as the expansion of the adjective, putting a distance between the adjective and the adjective, the use of the adjective as a substitute for the adjective, etc., it expresses its function in creating the music of Nima's poetry and concludes that through his syntactic combinations, especially about the adjective, Nima tried to make the natural music that the words It matches the feeling and theme of the poem.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Prepositions are linguistic elements that indicate the physical properties of referent and relatum and the geometry of the manner in which they interact with one another. Numerous studies have shown that prepositions in their abstract usages retain at least one of their spatial geometric features which is testimony to embodiment theory and it also suggests that understanding of abstract usages of prepositions can be better done by first studying the spatial usages of them. In this research we consider and analayse spatial geometry of different usages of Persain preposition /dᴂr/ applying Talmy's approach towards spatial structuring in language. Fourteen distinct usages were extracted from Hamshahri Corpus. The spatial geometry of each usage was analaysed and at least one image schema has been proposed for each usage. As a result of close study of various usages we observed that in all usages either the factor "enclosure" or "locus of control" or both are present in the geometry of the preposition. In one instance we observed a tertiary reference object for locating the Figure in the scene. An investigation of one spatial geometry ascribed to the preposition /dᴂr/ led to suggesting a volumar schema for "way". Also in some usages the use of metonomy can be seen where part of the real Ground or an entity related to it appears as Ground in the sentence.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the meanings and productivity of derivative suffix «i» in Persian language using Plag's (2003) point of view. Data collection was conducted by library method and analysis of findings was done by descriptive-analytical method. The sampling included three works from the 5th, 8th, 11th centuries, and the contemporary period. Then, the frequency of using «i» to express different meanings was investigated in each period. The findings indicate that in the 5th and 8th centuries, noun-forming «i» was more productive than adjective-forming «i». In the 11th century and the contemporary period, adjective-forming «i» was more productive than that of noun-forming «i». Also, the productivity of the adverb-forming «i» has been less than adjective-forming «i» and noun-forming «i» in all periods. Considering the different adjective-forming meanings of this suffix, the highest frequency in the 5th, 8th and contemporary periods was related to the adjective "place" and in the 11th century, it was related to the adjective "belonging to a thing". Among the different meanings of the noun-forming «i» in the 5th century, the noun "state indicator" had the highest frequency and in the 8th, 11th and contemporary periods the "simple" noun was the most frequent. Among the different meanings of the adverb-forming «i», the highest frequency was related to the adverb "state" in the 5th century, "scale, amount and size" in the 8th and 11th centuries, and "place" in the contemporary period. The paper also explains possible causes of differences in this suffix's productivity.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Microcredit plays a vital role in the food security of rural households. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effects of microcredit on improving the food security of households have not yet been well studied and understood in Iran. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the success of microcredit programs on enhancing the food security of rural households in Zehak county using the propensity score matching method and bootstrap algorithm. For this purpose, two food security indices, including the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and the Food Consumption Score (FCS), are used. The results revealed that 100% of the households face food insecurity. The prevalence of food insecurity was 20.0%, 42.5%, and 37.5% for mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity, respectively. In addition, 30% of households are in poor status of food consumption. Our findings emphasize the positive and significant role of microcredit in improving food security. The results showed that microcredit decreased the HFIAS index of the recipient households by 24.31-27.81% and increased the FCS index by 25.87-31.45%. Therefore, policy-makers and decision-makers should promote and strengthen governmental and non-governmental organizations providing microcredit. It is also recommended to provide information and reduce collateral restrictions to increase households' access to microcredit.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Waitance is a cognitive and psychological concept that reflects the tendency to anticipate the occurrence of good or bad events without the need for effort or specific activity in Iranian culture. The aim of this qualitative and applied research is to examine the waitance cultuling in light of the conceptual model of cultuling analysis in Iranian culture. To this end, 435 individuals were asked in April 2024 to express their views on sentences that represent the cultural aspects of waitance through semi-structured interviews. The results showed this cultural aspect is used with high frequency in both public and private formal and informal settings among individuals with informal relationships, by both genders, and more by middle-aged and elderly individuals and individuals from lower and middle social classes. Individuals with tones such as friendly and intimate, hopeful, desperate and hopeless, caring, angry, serious, humorous, and pragmatic use this cultural aspect with goals such as attracting attention, providing hope and comfort, encouraging patience, avoiding responsibility, seeking comfort, advising, referring problems to higher authorities, and so on. This mentioned cultural aspect, with high frequency and positive/negative emotions, indicates patterns of low trust, collectivism, short-term planning, idealism, and high waitance among Iranians. By analyzing these linguistic utterances, individuals can be made aware of the hidden culture within them and take steps toward euculturing and understanding the flawed genes of society.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Teaching is a profession which is intermingled with emotional relationships. Teachers’ relationships with their classes have been shown to positively influence their performance. However, despite the novelty of the concept of teacher-class relationship (TCR) in the field of applied linguistics, examining the relationship between language teachers with the whole class has not received due attention. To shed more light on this novel concept and its antecedents, the present study aimed to investigate the role of psychological well-being, foreign language teaching enjoyment and work engagement in the TCR of language teachers. A sample of 428 English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers participated in the study by completing four online questionnaires, namely the Teacher-Class Relationship Scale, the Psychological Well-being at Work (PWBW) Scale, the Foreign Language Teaching Scale (FLTES), and the Engaged Teacher Scale (ETS). The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that EFL teachers’ psychological well-being, foreign language teaching enjoyment and work engagement were strong predictors of their TCR. In addition, it was revealed that work engagement was the strongest predictor. The findings were discussed regarding the significance of developing EFL teachers’ TCR. This study suggests that EFL teachers with high level of well-being who enjoy their profession and have dedication to their job are more likely to build strong relationships with their classes. Finally, suggestions for future research were provided.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Land use severely affects the carbon and nitrogen stock and the soil's physical, mechanical, hydraulic and chemical characteristics of the soil. This study aims to investigate the effect of land use type on some soil characteristics, including carbon stock (CS), nitrogen stock (NS), S-index, structural stability index (SSI), soil pore size distribution, soil shear strength (τ), internal friction angle (φ˚), shear cohesion (C), soil water characteristic curve (SWCC), relative field capacity (RFC), available water (AW), aeration porosity (AP) and effective porosity (Pe) in Shandiz city, Khorasan Razavi province (northeast Iran) was studied. For this purpose, 60 soil samples were taken from the surface layer (0-20 cm) in pasture and agricultural land uses. The results showed that S-Index, SSI, RFC, AW, Pe, Cs, and Ns in pasture land use were significantly higher than agricultural land use. The values of τ, C, and φ˚ in the pasture land use were significantly (p<0.01) less than the pasture land use. The relationship between soil organic carbon stock index and bulk density (r=-0.69), coarse fragments (r=-0.73), cohesion (r=-0.70), and internal friction angle (r=-0.52) were significant and negative. The amounts of carbon and nitrogen stock indices in pasture land use were 61.6 and 33.1 % greater than agricultural land use, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that as a result of land use change, the carbon and nitrogen stock, S-index, relative field capacity, structural stability index, available water, aeration porosity, effective porosity, and consequently, the soil quality decrease, and soil degradation increase in agricultural land use.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The phonetic layer is a linguistic concept that creates music in speech. Such musicality can be both external and internal and can be examined at the phonetic level of discourse. By analyzing rhythm, rhyme, and refrain, external music can be identified, while internal music can be discerned through the analysis of rhetorical devices such as assonance, punning, repetition. Furthermore, the musicality speech can be understood by investigating various processes such as metathesis, vowel shifting, syllable quantity, onomatopoeia, and archaic pronunciations, thereby taking the form of speech out of its ordinary and standard language form.
The importance of examining the phonetic layer lies in the fact that these linguistic components, in addition their aesthetic influence on speech sounds, enhance the prominence the text and contribute its stylistic distinctiveness.
Those Years is the title of a book written by Jafar Yahaghi, a researcher and professor of Persian language and literature, wherein he recounts his childhood, adolescence, and youth.
This research employs a descriptive layered stylistic approach to investigate the frequency of phonetic elements within the target text. By analyzing textual evidence explaining the recurrence of phonetic patterns, the study aims identify the stylistic characteristics of the work under study. components such as onomatopoeia, assonance
Due to the author’s dedication, interest, commitment to using local dialect to convey his message, he skillfully incorporates phonetic elements without sacrificing meaning for form. Statistical analysis indicates suggests that phonetic and repetition are more prevalent than other linguistic features, making them defining characteristics of the text’s style.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Mexican limes have a limited shelf life due to color changes and reduced freshness. This study evaluated the effects of melatonin (ML) and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on maintaining postharvest quality at 20 ± 2°C and 50-60% relative humidity. The results showed that melatonin at 100 µM+PSO and 200 µM+PSO exhibited the highest overall fruit acceptability. The control group displayed the most weight loss (20.8%), while PSO demonstrated the least (12.5%). With the exception of the PSO treatment, all other treatments exhibited significantly elevated levels of phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants. The PSO and control treatments demonstrated the lowest catalase (69 U/g FW) and peroxidase (53.5 U/g FW) activities, while the highest polyphenol oxidase activity (99.6 U/g FW) was also observed in these groups. The control and PSO treatments also exhibited the highest total soluble solids (TSS) content (8.2%) and the lowest acidity (8.5%). Overall, most traits exhibited significant differences between the treatment groups and the control, excluding the PSO treatment.
Keywords Citrus, Postharvest quality, Shelf life, Antioxidant.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
The increasing demand for food, especially poultry products, highlights critical challenges to food security. In this context, agricultural entrepreneurship in the poultry sub-sector plays a vital role in addressing these challenges by enhancing food supply and contributing to economic growth and development. This study specifically focuses on fostering entrepreneurship within the poultry industry in Mashhad, emphasizing its pivotal role in Iran's economy and its contribution to food security. Using an exploratory research method along with SWOT and Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) analysis, 18 factors influencing entrepreneurship in the poultry industry were identified and weighted, leading to the development and ranking of 14 strategies. The results indicate that strategies such as transferring the tasks related to the poultry industry from the government to the private sector (SO) and using the capacities of knowledge-based companies for innovation in the supply of poultry input (WT) have the highest scores. In contrast, strategies such as organizing workshops and training courses (WO) and hiring skilled labore (ST) have lower scores. The findings suggest practical concepts for poultry entrepreneurs, including branding, technology adoption, establishing international animal welfare standards, collaborating with knowledge-based companies, and privatization under government supervision. These strategies can foster regional development by promoting entrepreneurship, which in turn can increase employment, economic growth, and productivity, ensuring a balanced distribution of opportunities and resources
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The aim of this research was to identify the challenges and requirements of teaching English in the curriculum system of Iran. The research questions focused on English language education in upstream national documents, the current state of English language teaching, the challenges facing learning, and the requirements for teaching English in schools. The study area was the city of Sarayan in the academic year 2022-2023. To conduct the research, document analysis, surveys, phenomenology, comparative studies, and focused discussion group were used. To examine the experiences of subject experts and English language teachers and students from interviews and to benefit from the experiences of other countries, the teaching methodology and learning outcomes of the four countries were meticulously examined. Changing the teaching method, increasing the teaching time, teaching from a younger age, retraining teachers, reviewing assessment techniques, redesigning the physical space, and revising the content and methods of retraining and empowering teachers are among the requirements set for effective English language teaching in the official curriculum.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
The consumption of fresh fruit and vegetable is low and remains below recommended intake in Iran. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of consumers’ intention to consume fresh fruit and vegetable. This study investigated the relationship among attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, health involvement, subjective health, and Iranian consumption intention by using the Theory of Planned Behavior. The Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling was applied to estimate the model. The results revealed that subjective health (β = 0.463; p < 0.001) as a self-rating of overall health was an important predictor of Iranian consumers’ intention to eat fresh fruit and vegetable. Consumers’ health involvement (β = 0.198; p < 0.001) that shows importance of health issues for individuals, had significant effect on consumption intention. Other variables such as subjective norms (β = 0.175; p < 0.001), positive attitude towards fresh fruit and vegetable consumption (β = 0.125; p < 0.01), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.110; p < 0.001) were significant predictors of consumption intention, respectively. The results provide useful and important information about main determinants of consumption intention for policy-makers to create effective and well-functioning public health policies aimed at increasing the consumption of fresh fruit and vegetable. Providing useful information regarding the freshness, quality, and safety of fresh fruit and vegetable by awareness campaigns can positively influence the behavioral intention of Iranian consumers.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the impact of pragmatics instruction on the perception and production of expressive and directive speech acts by Iraqi EFL learners. The study also sought to investigate the attitudes of both learners and teachers towards the use of task-based pragmatics instruction in both conventional face-to-face and technology-based classrooms. To achieve this goal, 120 Iraqi EFL learners took part in the study, divided into two experimental groups (conventional and technology-based classrooms) and one control group without pragmatics instruction. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using statistical quantitative approaches for the former and content analysis for the latter. The results revealed that students who received instruction in speech acts, whether in conventional or online classrooms, performed better than those who did not receive any instruction in this area. Additionally, the findings supported the idea that online students outperformed their counterparts in conventional classrooms. Furthermore, the study found no significant gender differences in the speech act performance of Iraqi EFL learners. In the end, the benefits and challenges of task-based pragmatics instruction in online and conventional classrooms were discussed and implications were provided.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract
Aims: Most of the world population who is at work and production age does not have appropriate and regular physical activity for various reasons. Accordingly, the researchers tried to evaluate the effect of physical activity predictors of employees through the path analysis based on the Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM). Methods and Materials: We conducted this study on 359 employees of the milk and milk powder production factories in Mashhad. A questionnaire consisted of items related to the structure of the Pender's Health Promotion Model (Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, Prior Related Behavior, Perceived Self-Efficacy, Activity Related Affect, Personal Factors, Interpersonal Influences and Situational Influences) and the IPAQ standard questionnaire related to the physical activity were designed and applied in interviews as data collection instruments. Findings: One fourth of the employees had proper physical activity. Generally, structures of the Pender's Health Promotion Model predicted 34.8 % of the physical activity behavior variance. Regression analysis has shown that the predictability of Prior Related Behavior, Perceived Self-Efficacy, Personal Factors, Activity Related Affect and Interpersonal Influences are significant and Situational Influences are nearly significant. Prior Related Behavior (β = 0.45, P < 0.000) and Self-Efficacy (β = 0.17, PConclusions: The findings of the study revealed that HPM is efficient in identifying and predicting the physical activity behavior. This pattern can be used as a framework for planning and implementing educational interventions in order to improve the physical activity of the adult employees.