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The purpose of the semiotics of discourse approach is to communicate between semantic layers and differentiating units of the linguistic, social and intertdiscursive conext at the macro level in order to achieve meaning with the help of cognitive tools of text and discourse. This research interprets and explains how to produce, understand and receive meaning in the context of discourse systems in "Wuthering Heights" within the framework of the semiotics of discourse approach. Discourse systems include two categories, either they are based on Speech-Action and Movement-Action (Behavior) which create cognitive discourse systems or they are based on Sense-Action­ which are the generators of emotional discourse systems. In this research, the representation of Speech-Action, Movement-Action (Behavior) and Sense-Action­ and their feedback in the participants within the text and discourse of the novel has been discussed. Discourse analysis in the text and situational context of the novel based on the semiotics of discourse approach of Greimas is rooted in cognitive perspectives, because Speech-Action and Movement-Action build the infrastructure and a platform for the motivation of Sense-Action­ in the audience of the discursive context. Heathcliff and Catherine are two main characters of the novel who depict the Sense-Action­ of love along with the behavior and Speech-Action of revenge in the textual and intertextual semantic layers. Heathcliff gains the necessary mental, physical and financial competences and performs the action by going through the first stage of Sense-Action­

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Today, financial development is one of the main drivers of economic growth and development. Since developing countries are focused on the rapid expansion of economic growth, they have taken steps toward the development of financial markets. However, the consequences of financial development on environmental quality are not clear. In addition, since the emission of carbon dioxide caused by production is significantly different from the emission of carbon dioxide caused by consumption in some countries (such as China). Therefore, this article examines the impact of financial development on the consumption-based CO₂ emissions for a panel of 17 developing countries during the period of 1990-2019 with a Panel- Quantile approach. Empirical findings show that the effect of financial development on consumption-based CO₂ emissions is positive and significant in all quantiles. In addition, this study considers gross domestic product, rental rates of natural resources, trade openness, and globalization as control variables. The results of this study provide new evidence for policymakers to maintain environmental quality by focusing on the link between financial development and consumption-based CO₂ emissions.
 

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Aggregation and concentration of industries and the production of more complex products due to economies of scale can cause technology spillover. The development of industrial and complex processes requires energy, and the use of energy causes carbon emissions. Now this question arises, what are the effects of technology and industrial agglomeration on the environment? The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of economic complexity and industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions in a panel of emerging economies during the period 1990–2022. For this purpose, first, the industrial agglomeration was calculated based on the location entropy index, and then, in the new panel approach, the method of moment quantile regression (MMQREG) was used to investigate the effects of economic complexity and industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions. The results showed that increasing the economic complexity index has different effects on carbon emissions. The results of parameter estimation showed that industrial agglomeration increases carbon emissions in high quantiles. The results show that economic growth and energy consumption increase carbon emissions in all quantiles, and urbanization helps to preserve the environment. The results of Dumitrescu and Hurlin's panel causality test show a two-way relationship between industrial agglomeration and carbon emissions and a one-way relationship between economic complexity and carbon emissions.
 

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In the present study, the effect of phytohormone gibberellin on some physiological parameters of Tetraselmis suecica microalgae was investigated. Algae culture was performed under standard conditions with Gillard culture medium, temperature 25 ± 2 C°, light intensity 16: 8 (light/dark), salinity 25 ± 2 mg / l, and 24-hour aeration for ten days. Concentrations of 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg / l were added to the algae culture medium. Growth factors, pigments, photosynthetic factors, and biochemical composition were measured in the log phase. Based on results,  the highest rate of cell growth was observed in the treatment of 60 mg / l, although in other treatments there was a significant difference with the control (P <0.05). The highest amount of protein and carbohydrates was observed in the treatment of 60 mg / l (P <0.05). ). Total lipid content increased from 15.23 in control to 18.53 in 60 mg / l (P <0.05). Antioxidant potential, pigments, photosynthetic factors, and dry weight also showed a significant difference in the concentration of 60 mg / l compared to the control (P <0.05). The highest amount of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b was observed at concentrations of 60 mg / l (P <0.05). Based on the results, gibberellin has a high potential for cell division, final density, antioxidant potential, cell size, and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis suecica. Also, Tetraselmis suecica can be a good candidate for marine aquatic larvae, drugs, antioxidants, and a rich source of compounds in biofuels.

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This research carried out to study the effects of probiotic coating alginate and whey protein with Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus plantarum to increase the storage of rainbow trout fillet (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at refrigerated temperature and to evaluate the physical characteristics of the fillets. Thus, the physical parameters such as color and texture of fillets were investigated at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. Results showed that, the color index (L*, a*, b*) and texture index (hardness cycle, deformation at hardness, and firmness) in treated fillets were better than control. In other words, the use of probiotic coating caused a decrease in the index of redness of the fillet on the 21st day; on the other hand, the yellowness index was lesser. In terms of texture indices such as hardness cycle, deformation at hardness, and firmness, using probiotic coatings in higher percentages of alginates and whey protein resulted in better preservation of fillet tissue quality than other treatments.

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Using the natural-based coating and natural preservatives has became a novel method in food packaging. Accordingly, the use of natural preservatives for prevention of spoilage and extend the shelf life of perishable foods like as fish burger has gained more attention. The aim of this paper was studying the effect of edible g on physiochemical, microbial and sensory characteristics of rainbow trout fish burger during 14 refrigerated storage. In this study, the effect of 2% gelatin coating containing different concentration of alga essential oil (0.3, 0.6, 0.9) on physiochemical (TBA, pH PV, TVB-N), microbial (PTC, TVC) and sensory properties were analyzed periodically during storage. According to the results, the combination effect of gelatin and alga essential oil on improvement the physiochemical and microbial values of treated samples were significantly higher than untreated samples (p<0.05), and this antimicrobial coating has significant effect to decrease the microbial spoilage and to extened the shelf life of rainbow trout fish burger during refrigerated storage.resulted in significant shelf life gelatin coating Dunaliealla salina alge essential oil 0.9% as compared to control sample (p<0.05).

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Nowadays, extraction of materials from river bed is one of the effective factors in the occurrence of scouring phenomena around bridge piers. The extent of scouring around the bridges depends on a number of factors, including the type of foundation, the Froude number, flow rates and bed granulation. In , in vitro evaluation of scouring around piers groups in two different grains was investigated. The effect of scouring and armoring of scours in scouring control was investigated in both natural and river conditions. In the present study, 44 experiments with identical laboratory conditions were tested in a rectangular channel with of 13 m, width of 1.2 m and depth of 0.8 m. In this study, 44 experiments were conducted in two models 1 (control or simple groups) and model 2 (modified groups), both scaling behavior. B = 0.7) and Bꞌꞌ (= 1.7 mm) were analyzed. In addition, to investigate the effect of material extraction on the scour rate of bridge pedestals, experiments were conducted for both pit-bed (pit-extraction mode) and pit-free bed (river natural state). A removable sand bed with a height of 22 cm was placed between the floorboards. Two series of pedestals were located upstream and downstream of the bed with a clear distance from the flooring. The pedestals were arranged in the same arrangement (consecutive tripods in the direction of flow and in the center of the channel width) with center to center 21 cm apart.
  The results showed that the armed (rough) pier group was less than the simple pier group (flat surface), due to the excavation of river materials, it increased the scour equilibrium time. The armed pier group also controlled the impact of extraction of materials on the scour rate. By examining the upstream and downstream materials mining, it was observed that extraction of materials of upstream of pier group decreased and extraction of materials of downstream pier group increased the scour. Therefore, it can be concluded that the scouring of pier is more sensitive to the downstream pit hole and even the mining of materials from upstream of the pier should be possible. In other words, the percentage of scour depth reduction in downstream bed due to extraction of materials and percentage of scour depth in upstream bed of extraction of materials in model with armed pier group were higher and lower than model with simple pier group, respectively. The percentage of scour reduction due to armed of the pier was also studied and it was observed that at best, the maximum scour depth in the aggregate with mean diameters of 0.78 mm and 1.7 mm by armed pier group were 55 and 66 percent, respectively. It is also observed that the extraction of materials from the bed increases the equilibrium time. It should be noted that scour is balanced when the driving force is approximately equal to the resistive force (particle saturation weight). The results show that the presence of the pit leads to an increase in the scour equilibrium time. In other words, when the sediments reach the pit site, due to the decrease in water velocity and increasing depth, the flow cannot carry the larger sediments and the sediments settle in the upper wall of the pit.

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It appears that celiac patients have more trust in products like biscuits and crackers as sources of carbohydrates. Therefore, this study focused on evaluating and optimizing gluten-free biscuits using date syrup and date seed powder. Sugar levels at 20%, 30%, 40%, and 60% were replaced by date syrup, while rice flour levels at 0%, 10%, 13%, and 20% were substituted with date seed powder. Gluten-free biscuits were assessed based on the dough's textural properties, as well as the biscuits' physicochemical properties, including spread ratio, moisture, water activity, color, antioxidant activity, total fiber, total sugar, fat, and protein, using standard methods. Sensory evaluation was conducted with a 5-point hedonic test, and mouthfeel was assessed with Sensomaker software to determine the optimal replacement levels for date syrup and date seed powder. Finally, the proposed optimized formulation was produced, and textural and physicochemical properties, including firmness, total fiber, total sugar, fat, protein, ash, pH, moisture, water activity, color, and antioxidant activity, were measured and compared with a control sample. Replacing rice flour with date seed powder and sugar with date syrup increased the dough’s firmness and elasticity. Regarding the textural properties of gluten-free biscuits, firmness significantly increased with higher levels of date seed powder and date syrup. For sensory characteristics, replacing rice flour with date seed powder and sugar with date syrup had a significant effect on taste, crispness, and color.
 

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Abstract
Eggplant has a short shelf life due to its high moisture content and softening of the tissue during storage. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate methods for processing, to increase storage time and maintain its nutritional value. In fact, understanding the heat and mass transfer during frying can be useful for optimizing and controlling the process as much as possible. In this study, the effect of frying at 160, 180, and 200 ° C for 20, 36, 124, and 200 seconds on moisture content, oil content, moisture, and oil transfer kinetics, and estimation of convective heat transfer coefficient was analyzed. The results showed that the samples fried at 160 ° C for 124 seconds had the lowest oil absorption. It was also found that as the  temperature and frying time decreased, the oil content of the samples also decreased. In addition, the experimental models fit the experimental data well. In addition, the results showed that the sample fried for 200 seconds at 200 ° C had the lowest moisture content ratio. It is known, increasing the frying temperature of the synthetic constant, also increases the decrease in humidity, which indicates that the rate of moisture exit of the product was higher at high temperatures than at lower temperatures. Also, increasing the frying time and temperature reduced the moisture content of the samples. The convective heat transfer coefficient is higher in the early times of the process and decreases with time as the frying time elapses. The maximum value of h was related to the twentieth seconds at a frying temperature of 200 ° C.

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Nanomaterials have been used in the recent years to improve rheological properties of the asphalt binders and increase mechanical properties of the asphalt mixtures. The high cost of producing nanomaterials is one of the major obstacles that has limited their application in road pavements. In this research, two methods of producing nanomaterials have been applied to produce nano hydrated lime (NHL). The first method was a mechanical process of milling hydrated lime with the application of a planetary ball mill. The second method was chemical processing of dissolving certain chemical materials (namely, calcium nitrate Ca(NO₃)₂, sodium hydroxide NaOH and sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS) into distilled water. The process resulted in the production of NHL solution that after drying in an oven resulted in NHL particles. The sizes of the NHL products were measured using two methods of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The size analysis was performed on NHL samples that were produced after different milling periods in the physical method; and, variation of the concentration of the solution, mainly calcium nitrate and SDS, in the chemical method. The average particle sizes in the physical method, after 6 hours of milling, were 211 nm, as measures in DLS and 114 nm as measured in FE-SEM. These in the chemical method, at concentration of 3 ml of calcium nitrate solution (Ca(NO₃)₂), were 379 and 124.615 nm respectively. With the chemical method, the nano particles were formed in the plate form with average thickness of 68.5 nm. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis were performed in order to determine the composition of the produced nano materials. These indicated that with the physical method, a higher lime content material was produced. With the aim of assessing the effectiveness of the produced NHL materials to modify asphalt binders, a 60-70 and an 85-100 penetration grade were used and nano modified binders containing 2, 4 and 6% NHL were prepared and were tested under standard bitumen tests and viscosity determination. The results indicated that with adding NHL to the asphalt binders, penetration was reduced and softening point was increased. In addition, the temperature susceptibility of the modified binders were reduced too. Assessing the change of the viscosity of the NHL modified binders, it resulted that 4% NHL would provide the optimum conditions.  
 

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The rationality of religious belief systems indicates longitudinal relationships, so that each benefit from pertained rationality based on ontological place within the web of religious knowledge. Therefore, it can be possible to consider three layers of religious beliefs i.e. fundamental, middle, and marginal. Here fundamental beliefs are the most rational, followed by middle and finally marginal. Concerning Islamic and Christian traditions, there can be two beliefs, believing in one God and the hereafter, that are considered fundamental ones. There are also middle beliefs between the two mainstream religions that are about divine attributes, the relationship between God and human beings, and so on so forth. Finally, the level of marginal beliefs of two are about the sacredness of places, times, events, things, persons, situations etc. This research wants to show that although all religious beliefs have been expanded and changed under the influence of epistemic and non-epistemic factors, t fundamental beliefs have been more stable, immutable, universal, and compatible. Middle beliefs of Islam and Christianity, are generally based on believers’ plural understandings of religious texts and under aforementioned factors. Thus, in order to study the rationality of religions and their traditions, it is necessary to pay closer attention to how and under what conditions (epistemic and non-epistemic) their web of beliefs are formed and shaped.
 

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The importance of perceiving and knowing children visiting museums in Iran, inform researchers about the shortcoming of fundamentals in this regard, and despite the many potentials of this area, Children's visit to Museums in Iran is facing serious obstacles considering such shortages. In this regard, it seems very important to understand the importance of considering children as museum visitors. According to recent literature and perspectives advanced by experts related to this topic, all with the intent to broaden the views of museum professionals, this presentation wants to clarify the main results of these investigations which include:
•             Innovations of museums for children during their visit to learn and discover cultures
•             Children's criteria for visiting museums, and service quality factors (PhD thesis of researcher: Quality approach in the development of children's visit model),
•             Social and cultural influences in shaping society,
The results offer a framework as a point of departure for understanding children in museums. To sum up, it can be said that museums have important entities for children's attractions, which with proper planning, attention and investment, can turn into young audiences' spotlight.