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Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

Well-being includes phenomena such as mental health, life satisfaction, positive attitude and feeling happiness. The present study deals with the relationship between language and well-being and claims that well-being factors are expressed in the words of the language. For example, the happiness factor in a language is reflected by certain words such as happy, happiness and satisfied. The theoretical framework of the present study is ecolinguistics. The method is corpus based. The data is extracted from the research of Secretariat of Emotional Intelligence of Tehran Education in 2017. In this study, the well-being status of 1095 high school students, the first and second period, girls and boys, public and private of District One of Tehran have been evaluated. The students' responses to the question about well-being criteria are the base of the present study. The corpus consists of 1161 words with a frequency of 35,455. The content words associated with the five Well-being factors of engagement (occupation and entertainment), perseverance, optimism, connectedness and happiness were extracted in the framework of the semantic map of Jiaqi Wu et al. (2017), by using top-down method. They were analyzed using Excel and SPSS soft-wares. Some examples of the words that represent the well-being factor of happiness are: “relaxation, facilities, happy, healthy, fun, health, happiness, excellent, pleasant, relaxed, happy, satisfied, faith, satisfaction, enjoyed, happiness, joy, and fun”. The research findings show 6845 words of the corpus (about35.7%) are related to well-being, and there is a significant relationship between well-being factors and produced words



Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

The present research investigates the conceptualization of the metaphors of “fear” in the Quran. Conceptual metaphors are an important discourse in cognitive linguistics. In this approach, metaphors are believed to be a cognitive phenomenon which manifests in language. This research aims to identify the initial spheres based on which fear has been conceptualized in the Quran and endeavors to attain the stance of the Quran on this emotion. To this end, a body of 607 verses containing the concept of fear was collected. In the next stage, 18 concepts were identified using cognitive analysis. The two schemas of force and movement as the initial spheres play a major role in the conceptualization of “fear” in the Quran. In conceptualization based on movement, behavioral and physiological actions of people facing external forces indicate their lack of control and defeat by external forces, with a virtual basis in most cases. In return, in conceptualizing fear based on the schema of force, the presence of a range of forces such as pressure, blocking, and redirection in facing external forces express the voluntary reaction of people in overcoming the external forces. Hence, in line with its guiding purposes, the Quran has missioned the prophets, in many cases as a divine command, to ask His audience to confront the non-divine external forces with the force arising from – the fear – of divine majesty.


Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

I aim to explore whether there are similarities and differences between the ethical virtues and vices in Nahj al-Balāghah in terms of cognitive-linguistics and based on the image schemas of Evans and Green's Model piety, perseverance, expenditure are the ethical teachings, described in Nahj al-Balāghah, chosen and analyzed based on image schemas. And the vices described in Nahj al-Balāghah are Secularism, greed, and jealousy. Studying the descriptive-analytical approach, I investigate and compare the virtues and vices discussed in sermons and short sayings of Nahj al-Balāghah in terms of cognitive semantics. Finally, the findings reveal that the general types of image schemas of Evans and Green’s model (schemas of Force, Balance, Unity/ Multiplcity, Existence, Identity, Locomotion, Containment, Space) have almost similar frequencies for both the virtues and vices. Among all, the schemas of force are the most repetitive in virtues and vices. And the balance is on the second level. The research finding is significant because it shows the similarity of the virtues and vices in using the different types of schemas in Nahj al-Balāghah. Their main difference lies in the way of using the subsets of the general concepts.  
 

Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

The human experience is shaped through effective collaboration with forces. Johnson (1987) initially highlighted the significance of force schemas in conceptualizing events. Thus, this research seeks to explore this topic using a library-based approach, focusing on the force schemas presented in Johnson's cognitive semantics model and their application in Quranic verses related to infaq (almsgiving). In this inquiry, I seek to identify which force schemas are most commonly used in these verses and how they contribute to the understanding of the concept of infaq. In the analysis of the research data on the ethical concept of infaq in the Holy Quran, the concept of force image-schemas based on Johnson's model was used. The importance of the topic of infaq and the presence of force image-schemas in it were the reasons for choosing this ethical concept. In this regard, I examined the seven types of power in the context of infaq in the Holy Quran. The results showed that the force image-schema of obligation has the most frequency. In figurative language, the divine revelation's imperative and prohibitive commands, exert a pressure that functions as a force of compultion. After the force schema of compultion, the force schema of blockage has the highest frequency. In the Holy Quran, factors such as greed, hypocrisy, disbelief, and denial are introduced as obstacles to infaq. The force schema of "deviation from the path" does not exist in the interpretation of the verses of infaq.
 

Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

Adding suffix is one of the methods of making words to produce various meanings. Various semantic contexts vary depending on the suffixes and prefixes in the word derivation. The suffixes "-är", "-gär", "-gar", "-an", "-nadeh" are known in Persian as suffixes that produce adjectives and nouns. In Russian the following suffixes:
-тель, -арь, -чик, -щик, ...
In the row, there are suffixes for making nouns. Among the above two suffixes "-арь" and "-тель" in Russian language are analyzed to find equivalence in Persian language.
The purpose of writing this research is to identify the active and passive suffixes in Russian and Persian languages ​​and to examine them against each other in understanding their meaning and form, relying on the theory of semantic-lexical expression (Liber) 2004 and the grammatical theory. The questions that we seek to answer in this article are, what is the degree of convergence and divergence of the semantic expansion of active and passive suffixes in two languages? Is it possible to make some words with the help of existing words, according to the generative and cognitive grammar approach, to what extent the semantic overlap allows the reproduction of some figures. And as a result of this research: it was found that the investigated suffixes in two languages ​​use the same basic units of noun + infinitive + suffix, but in the semantic part, the expected correspondence does not match completely.
 

Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

This research examines the lexical processing of head-first endocentric compounds in Persian based on semantic transparency. This study shows whether the processing is related to the morpheme-based, whole-word, or dual-root models. Moreover, this research concludes whether the processing is associated with sublexical or supralexical models. Two separate masked priming tasks are conducted. In the first experiment, the compound word is the primed word and the modifier is the target. In the second experiment, the prime is the compound word and the target is the head. Three conditions are considered: transparent, opaque, and orthographic-overlap. In order to analyze the result, mixed models are used. The results show significant priming effects for transparent and opaque conditions. While no priming effect is shown for the orthographic-overlap condition. It can be concluded that the lexical processing of head-first endocentric compounds is independent of semantic transparency. The processing is morpheme-based and it is on the basis of the sublexical model. Furthermore, the semantic processing of these words is supralexical. Moreover, the lack of priming effect for the orthographic conditions is seemingly associated with orthographic complexity in the Persian writing system.
 

Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

Pre-service teacher education programs play a pivotal role in the formation and evolution of teachers' identities, wherein both formal and hidden curriculums exert significant influences (Beauchamp and Thomas, 2009). This qualitative study delves into the development of Language Teacher Identities (LTIs) among student teachers at Farhangian University, with a particular focus on the reformed curriculum.A qualitative research method was used. A total of 27 female student teachers shared their experiences through individual and focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing the interviews. The findings revealed mismatches between the student teachers’ envisioned identities and the curriculum’s expected identity, leading to feelings of cognitive unpreparedness. The study also highlighted the significant roles of both formal and hidden curriculums in shaping teacher identity, with both positive and negative changes observed in cognitive, social, and emotional aspects. The implications drawn from the study’s findings provide insights into curriculum design and teacher education programs, offering guidance on how to effectively support the construction of teacher identity and raise student teachers’ awareness of this transformative process.

Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

This article explores the effect of iconicity and textual cohesion on processing causal relations in Persian discourse using an experimental method. A reading-time task with a within-subject design was set up. Twelve 3-sentence experimental scenarios and 12 filler scenarios were constructed. Iconicity and cohesion were the independent variables and participants’ reaction time (RT) was the dependent variable. The cohesion variable manipulated the degree of cohesion between the first and second sentences of scenarios. The iconicity variable manipulated the order of the second and third (cause and effect) sentences of scenarios. Forty-eight participants read the scenarios and verified if the target sentence, which asserted the implicit causal relation between the second and third sentences of scenarios, was correct. The RTs of the participants were collected using DMDX program. The data were then submitted to a mixed-model analysis in R. The main effect of iconicity and cohesion on participants’ RTs was found. There was no interaction effect between iconicity and cohesion. The target sentence had the shortest RT in the condition with iconic and high-cohesion scenarios. Also, the target sentence in the condition with iconic but low-cohesion scenarios was processed as fast as the target sentence in the condition with non-iconic but high-cohesion scenarios. The findings confirm the facilitatory effect of iconicity on understanding causal sequences. The results also show that if, for discourse reasons, information is provided non-iconically, the existence of highly cohesive relations between the causal sequences and the previous context can compensate the non-facilitatory effect of non-iconic sequences.

Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

A prominent characteristic of the trial discourse is the imbalance of power between the participants, in such a way that the power is imposed unilaterally from the interrogator (be it the investigator, the judge, etc.) to the addressee. The most important tool for imposing power is the use of "question" which has a controlling feature. In order to analyze the different dimensions of the trial discourse, the present research studies the structural, discursive and pragmatic aspects of questions in different criminal, civil and family branches in the court and prosecutor's office of Duroud city. In the structural dimension, the types of morpho-syntactic characteristics and in the pragmatic dimension, the type of speech act of different types of questions have been considered. In this regard, we examined the data by combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results indicate that the most frequently used question forms are related to yes/no and narrow wh-questions. It was also found that the questions have three types of regulative, constative and communicative speech acts. The findings confirm that some questions that have a communicative action are raised by lay participants with the purpose of clarification, and therefore, in some situations, it is possible to observe a change in the one-sided questioning pattern of interrogator → addressee. Most of the questions that are raised by lay people are rooted in their lack of familiarity with technical legal terms, which in some cases can lead to consequences such as the lack of a favorable defense.
 

Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

Choosing the active or passive constructions for the native speakers of a language, as the name suggests, is simply a "choice" and "selection" and the speaker uses one of these two voices to express the meaning according to his situation and recognition. This conscious choice between the two structures mentioned is not a problem as long as the speaker speaks his native language. The problem begins when a person wants to speak or write in another language and for his “choice”, among the data and training that he has received in a foreign language up to this point, he looks for a reason to choose the best option among two voices and not allow errors. This article tries to answer the question: how can students for whom Russian is not their native language consciously choose a passive construction? In other words, this article is not intended to compare the Voice in Persian and Russian or to observe students’ “mistakes” in encountering this category. The article is aimed at developing a questionnaire containing the “correct” options from among the types of quasi-passive, passive and active and implementing it for 86 students of the Russian language in Iran and Russia (for whom Russian is considered a non-native language) and, based on the analysis of their answers, to reflect them "trend" in the use of passive structure. From this point of view, we try to help Russian teachers in teaching the use of the passive voice.

Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

Mehdi Sahabi s’est essayé, pendant des années,  à l’atelier de Proust et ce faisant,  il a atteint à un certain degré de mûrissement. En traduisant A la Recherche du Temps, il a voulu faire œuvre, comme dit Antoine Berman.  Les Plaisirs et Les Jours, livre d’un jeune auteur qui demande reconnaissance, préfigure déjà  La Recherche, malgré la différence compositionnelle et thématique entre les deux ouvrages. Dans cet article, en nous basant sur les procédés techniques de la traduction énumérés et exemplifiés par Vinay-Darbelnet dans leur théorie de La Stylistique comparée, nous cherchons à analyser le processus de la traduction de ce  recueil proustien. L’objectif est de connaître d’abord la méthode de traduction dee Sahabi et la manière dont il  a procédé,  et  de savoir ensuite  si la théorie appliquée est efficace dans la lecture d’un texte littéraire traduit. Les premier et second  objectifs, pour être atteints, ont besoin de la mise en présence des deux textes et de l’explication de l’opération traduisante. A priori, les projets traductifs de Sahabi semblent ciblistes et orientés vers le lecteur, mais il  est le traducteur des choix inattendus et peut nous surprendre. Par ailleurs, l’applicabilité de cette théorie linguistique au texte proustien  déterminera son efficacité dans la critique de la traduction littéraire.
 

Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

Metaverse is a space that includes the real world and virtual worlds in which people use a digital and virtual representation called an avatar to be present. Metaverse is considered as the major media of commercial advertising in the future and it will play a fundamental role in terms of audience attraction and society awareness. By adopting semiotics approach, this research analyzes the preparation of the subject and the formation of the avatar in Metaverse commercials. Ten commercial advertisements of prominent brands are chosen as statistical sample, and the virtual world of Hyundai brand on Roblox is examined as the case study because of its diverse activities. Descriptive-analytical method is carried out relying on participatory observation, in a way that the researcher experiences the field, and seeks to answer two questions: 1) What kind of discourse is applied to Subject and Object interactions? 2) What is the procedure of conversion of real body to ideal body? Results show that Subject of Metaverse should be considered as a Being-actor who continuously finds itself in a lack of meaning due to Becoming-centered situation and is called to action and achieves meaning as a result of the action. Besides, the avatar could be considered as Ideal-otherness while the dialogue between physical and virtual body is possible through the third body, which is the Imaginary body, which is the main base of sensory-perceptual receptions and leads the actions of the subject.

Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

This study, drawing on Conceptual Metaphor Theory and its cultural extension as developed by Zoltán Kövecses, analyzes the conceptual metaphors of Satan in the Qur’an. It aims to demonstrate how the lived experiences and cultural structures of the Arabs during the time of revelation contributed to the conceptualization of Satan as a wholly abstract entity. To this end, a corpus of 47 Qur’anic verses containing culturally grounded metaphors related to Satan was compiled and analyzed. The findings reveal that the source domains of war, the tradition of javār (protection), companionship and social interaction, and the notions of servant and captive function as culturally significant domains in metaphorically conceptualizing Satan. Among these, the jār tradition is uniquely tied to the cultural context of pre-Islamic Arab society, and while the war domain is broadly recognized across cultures, it still bears culture-specific features. In contrast, the domains of companionship and servitude are more universally understood. Each domain frames Satan in a distinct manner: as a defeated commander, a treacherous protector, an abusive companion, and a powerless laborer before God’s will. These metaphorical representations—rooted in human experience in general and that of the early Arab audience in particular—effectively deconstruct Satan’s false aura and portray submission to him as undesirable and reprehensible

Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted for Publication 2024)
Abstract

Aim and Introduction
Commuting is a socio-economic phenomenon that arises from spatial imbalances between labor supply and demand across different locations. While some trips are recreational or incidental, a significant proportion occurs due to the inability of individuals to meet essential needs—such as employment—at their place of residence. In this context, commuting serves as a practical response to spatial mismatches. However, constraints in transportation infrastructure and increased demand for urban travel have made trip reduction an effective strategy for improving the performance of urban transportation systems.
Since a considerable share of daily trips is generated by land patterns—particularly workplace locations—modifying commuting patterns by relocating workers closer to their places of employment can significantly reduce trip generation. This study assumes that all workers currently living in Isfahan but employed elsewhere relocate to reside in their respective places of work. As a result, transportation costs associated with commuting to and from Isfahan would be eliminated, thereby creating a negative shock to the city’s final demand.
Conversely, the inflow and outflow of workers and their families would induce changes in local economic dynamics. Specifically, increased demand for housing would raise real estate rental prices, generating a positive shock in final demand. This research explores the economic consequences of such shifts through a regional input-output framework.
Methodology
To estimate interregional economic changes, this study employs a multi-regional input–output (MRIO) model. Given the availability of regional account data in Iran, regional tables were constructed using the Location Quotient (LQ) method. To address the common shortcomings of traditional LQ techniques—namely, the overestimation of regional coefficients and underestimation of imports—the Flag method was adopted. This approach incorporates three economic dimensions and addresses spatial factors, improving the accuracy of regional estimates.
A key challenge in compiling MRIO tables is obtaining reliable interregional trade data to calculate import and export coefficients. To this end, the gravity model—based on Newton’s law of gravitation—was utilized to estimate economic flows. The model correlates the volume of interregional trade with the economic size of the origin and destination and inversely with the distance between them. Thus, this study combines the LQ and gravity methods to model economic interactions among three regions in Iran: (1) Isfahan city, (2) other cities within Isfahan province, and (3) other provinces nationwide. Data sources include the national input-output table (1395) and regional accounts provided by the Statistical Center of Iran.
Results and Discussion
Findings indicate that the reduction in transportation costs within Isfahan city leads to a decline in production across all three regions, with the most pronounced effects observed in the industrial production and wholesale/retail sectors. Conversely, rising real estate rental costs initially stimulate employment growth in the construction, financial, insurance, industrial, and transportation sectors.
The simultaneous impact of reduced commuting costs and increased housing expenses results in a net rise in employment in Isfahan’s construction and real estate sectors. Similar employment gains are observed in the real estate, construction, and financial sectors in other cities within Isfahan province. In other provinces, the positive effects extend to the real estate, construction, financial, insurance, and water and sewage sectors. However, most other economic sectors across all regions experience a decline in employment.
Conclusion
This study underscores the complex economic implications of altering commuting patterns. Future research should explore the broader effects of these shocks on variables such as energy savings, reduced fossil fuel consumption, decreased air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, fewer traffic accidents, lower healthcare costs, and less congestion—especially during peak commuting hours. Additionally, reduced commuting times can increase employees’ available time, some of which could be allocated to productive activities, warranting supply-side investigations. Furthermore, lower transportation costs may function as increased household income, potentially influencing household consumption patterns—an area that merits further exploration in subsequent studies.


Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

In this study, Virtual Reality (VR) was employed in an English course intended to promote oral presentation skills in Iranian academia, and the possible impact of the course on learners’ self-efficacy regarding presenting, Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA), and speaking skills was investigated. Eight participants attended a 6-session course, and practiced academic oral presentation in a virtually simulated environment. Prior to the course, semi-structured interviews were administered; in addition, participants’ weekly reflection notes and self-assessments were gathered throughout the course. Moreover, post-course semi-structured interviews and written follow-up interviews were conducted afterward. The findings revealed that the learners reported higher levels of self-efficacy regarding presenting after the course, due to a perceived improvement in their presenting style, as well as their presentation content and slides. Additionally, the course had contributed to lowering the learners’ FLA due to presence in the Immersive Learning Environment (ILE), ample practice opportunities, and collaborative avatar interactions. Moreover, the learners mentioned that the course had helped them to improve their speaking skills due to academic vocabulary expansion, pronunciation enhancement, fluency upgrade, and grammatical adjustment. The findings can provide insights for language educators with regard to the use of virtual reality for simultaneously fostering language and academic skills, as well as facilitating internationalization in higher education.

Volume 1, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract

Imagery is one of the basic subjects in the domain of aesthetics of text, which has been noticed by the men of literary taste and art from the past.  The poets have regarded imagery as the integral part of their poetry and the critics have analyzed and investigated the literary works from this perspective. Imagery criticism, especially in the temporary era, has been attended to by the men of literature. Furthermore, Ashurai poetry, as an enormous portion of the nationally committed literary heritage, has always represented Ashura. This literary art has always been after beautiful and obvious depicting in form and content of the events and causes of this enormous movement.      Clarifying this part of the literary beauties in the contemporary Ashurai poetry is the aim of the present study using an analytic-descriptive methodology and based on the American school principles of the comparative literature. For this purpose, we investigated the poems composed by over 40 poets in the last century of the two nations. To this end, after extracting metaphorical images from the selected poems of the two cited languages, with equal number of these poems, the researchers applied tables and figures to provide the reader with a suitable statistical view of the issue. The results revealed the width and variety of the images in Persian poetry, the innovation and presentation of the new images in Persian more that English, the outstanding presence of the romantic and mystical elements in Persian Ashurai poetry, and the variety and vastness of the elements composing these images in Persian poetry.

Volume 1, Issue 1 (11-2009)
Abstract

This paper is a sociological study of heamong female students. A sample of 110 female students (62 students from Alzahra alth, illness, and health-related behaviors -a single sex university located in Tehran- and 48 students from University of Tehran) were deeply interviewed. Using grounded theory the interview-based information was analyzed. Findings suggest that health is believed to be the most important issue in life in terms of both mental and physical meanings. The female students who were interviewed describe illness differently. While one group knows it as something reducing the quality of life, the other group views it as a kind of God punishment. Regarding health-related behaviors, according to the results, female students ignore illness symptoms, kill pain temporarily and, by appearing beautiful, try to indicate they are mentally healthy. These lead to further dominance of male culture, risky life style and threaten social health. The above described views and behaviors among female students are influenced by low self-esteem, socialization, family interdependence and industrial life.

Volume 1, Issue 1 (1-2013)
Abstract

 
 In many of mythical, folklore and fairy stories, the birth of the hero has many mythical and fictional characteristics. The grounding of the birth of the hero traces on the hero’s future life. In many stories, which have the birth function, there are many barriers in the birth process. Among these obstacles, we can name aging parents and their disability to have a child.
The remarkable point in this story is that the child, despite many barriers, is born, and after a dangerous and wonderful life, becomes a hero. The main goal of this article is the psychological analysis and classification of the type of tales.
This research investigates the birth of the hero as a current theme in mythical, folklore and fairy stories, and its conclusion shows that we can classify the different types of birth function in the following groups as: the birth without parent origin, the birth process with one origin (father or mother), the marriage of the king with particular girl (sometimes a fairy), and the birth of the hero in the aging parent time and eating apple condition for mother.
 
 

Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2003)
Abstract

Although some Literary Criticizers consider the “Imagination” as an excessive element of poetry but that is very important.
They believe that besides the rhythm and the beauty , each poetry is full of imagination.
Hindi methode is a good example of imaginary poetries and some poets suach as Bidel are good symbols of this style.
Subtlety, Imagination, application of new campositions, personification to lifless things, using of symbols and methods of ancient poets, simplicity in statements. Novelty of words, Decription of the nature, palying with words, Repetition of  Rime and some words, Paradox and Gnosticism, are the characteristics of Bidels poetries.
 

Volume 1, Issue 3 ((Articles in Persian) 2010)
Abstract



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