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   This study was carried out on the social history of the village in Iran and to identify and categorize the social issues in the villages of Salas area in 1325 AH. Despite the importance of rural society in Iranian history and the eve of the Constitutional Revolution, few studies have focused on issues of the peasant movement and territorial issues, relying on observers, activists, and little reflection on rural issues in the media at the time. While understanding the rural community requires a deep and broad understanding of social relationships based on a comprehensive description of the reality of the community in question at any given time. The present study was based on data from the Legal Documentation Collection (Sentence Implementation Office, 1325 AH) of a sample province (Mahallah Salas and ,Shaghaghi), comprising a homogeneous community of middle villages, Garmrood and Sarab, Miyaneh, what were the challenges and social issues of these rural communities?

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Inspired by the muscle arrangement of the octopus and skeleton of the snakes, a wire-driven serpentine robot arm has been simulated and constructed in this article. The robot links which are connected via flexible beam act as the snake backbone. Instead of using motors at each joint, four sets of wire are employed as octopus muscles to drive the robot arm. For the spatial inverse kinematics, after determining the generalized coordinates of the system, governing algebraic equations of the system including constraint equations of the joints and cables and favorable movements have been determined. For displacement analysis, these equations have been solved using the Newton-Raphson method. Using this method robot workspace has also been determined. For the inverse dynamics of the robot, cables tension force has been considered as external forces. Using Embedding technique with specified constraint matrix, mass matrix and acceleration vectors that are determined from inverse kinematics, cables tension force and torque of motors are specified. To validate the snake robot model, a prototype has been built and programmed for some circular and arcuate routs. Travelled pass by end effector have been obtained. Comparing the results with the desired path, accuracy of the designed robot has been investigated.

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In this article, rigid wedge water entry problem under different conditions are evaluated using numerical scheme. It continues to be one of the fundamental issues raised in the hydrodynamics studies and known as a reference for the study of slamming phenomena. The exact calculation of the pressure caused by the slamming phenomenon can be used to analyze the appropriate structural analysis of the ships. In the current study, important variables such as speed and fluid pressure is investigated using computational fluid dynamics method based on the open source OpenFOAM code by numerical solution of the governing equations of tow phase fluid. In order to verify the simulation results obtained from this research, he values of the maximum pressure and t he location and exact time of its occurrence and also pressure coefficient distribution at the impact region have been compared by experimental results of other studies. These investigations have been utilized at different impact velocities and angles. By comparing the numerical results and experimental values, an error was found in the range of 2 to 9%. In addition, variables affecting the pressure applied to the wedge such as water entry velocity and different deadrise angles have been studied.

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In this study, the effect of transverse steps location on hydrodynamic components and the longitudinal stability of the vessel has been investigated. The vessel studied in this research is a planning catamaran, each demi-hull with two transverse steps. At first, vessel resistance with a weight of 5.3 kg within a range of length Froude number of 0.49 to 2.9 in calm water has been calculated. Then, craft behavior was evaluated at displacements of 5.3, 4.6, and 4 Kg using the numerical method. The numerical simulation results have been validated with similar experimental results. The craft in 4 and 5.3 kg weights, in Froude numbers greater than 2.43 and 2.9, respectively, has a Porpoising instability. In order to improve the longitudinal stability of the vessel, the Taguchi test design has been used to determine the optimal location of the transverse steps. The results showed that by placing the transverse steps in the optimum location, the Porpoising instability in the vessel has been resolved. In planing mode, vessel resistance decreased by 12%, 9.5%, and 6.6% in the optimum state of transverse steps compared to the base state for the mentioned weights. In similar conditions, the lift force on the vessel increased by 15, 10, and 7 percent for the mentioned weights, respectively.

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Until the Naserid period, Iranian women clothing was different in and out of the home and was directly influenced by the common moral pattern. Changes in common patterns emerged from Iranians' familiarity with the manner of social presence as well as male and female clothing in the public sphere of western society, from the Naserid period onwards, and has had various effects over time. This process is examined in the present article to answer this question: Between which strata of society and regions of Iran did the change in the style of women's clothing during the period in question occur, and what social and cultural contexts were most effective in this regard? Based on the results of this study, it can be said that due to the increasing social presence of women, the process of fitting their clothing with the requirements of new social relations was within the framework of the ethical order and living patterns of Iranian women. But what happened later in the process of policy-making and implementation of socio-cultural programs by the government has caused ambiguity and numerous damages to this process.

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After moving from the asceticism (See Arberry 2007: 32–47), Sufism has always tended to redefine its basic beliefs and restrictive frameworks to getting out a number of groups who distanced themselves from certain frameworks and social behaviour and called them "non-Sufi" or "Sufi-pretenders." This method of differentiation was basically to reduce public criticism of contradictory behaviors of members of Sufi groups. This article focuses on the procedures of differentiation between members of Sufi groups in the Middle Iranian history, its goals and social consequences. The issues of this research are: Was the formation of a group called "Sufi-Pretender" among Sufi communities, due to the people's acceptance of the teaching of this movement or the weaknesses of Sufi organizations that provide the opportunity to form a group disproportionate to the invitation of Sufis? What solutions did the Sufi leaders find to deal with this problem and to settle the heterogeneous people from within their community? The methods of differentiation among Sufi groups were based on what necessitated and how were they defined? In this regard, it seems that the procedures of redefining the identity, in the form of formulating the practical life of mystics, emphasizing the practices of Sufi education, improving the livelihood of the group, informing the people.