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In human-made materials, aerogels have the least thermal conduction coefficient. The least thermal conduction, which aerogels can have, is equivalent to air conduction, about 0.021W/mK. In some applications, lowest conductions is to be needed. In this study, novolac aerogles are used as spacer, for designing and making multilayer super insulators with aluminum foil reflective layers. The performance of these insulators, are extremely depends on density, porosity and the size of pores in aerogel and number of layers in the overall thickness of insulator. In this study, for decreasing effective thermal conduction of multilayer insulations, tow parameters of density of aerogel and ratio of number of layers to thickness of insulator (layer density), are examined in 25 ˚C to 200 ˚C boundary conditions. First, by assessment of aerogel novolac density effect on thermal conduction, aerogel with density of 0.076 g/cm3 was chosen as the best spacer. In the next part, ratio of 25 layer per centimeter of thickness was chosen as the best layer density. Finally, by making multilayer super insulators, based on this results, an insulator with 5×10-4W/mK effective thermal conductivity was obtaind without evacuation of spacer.

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Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic infection in the human stomach. The infection has universe prevalence in all age groups. Probably, this bacterium is the cause of most common chronic bacterial infection in human beings and infects approximately half of the world population. H. pylori produces urease, an enzyme that degrades the urea in the stomach’s mucous to ammonia resulting in biochemical reaction that leads to increase in pH of the stomach lumen. This allows pathogenic intestinal protozoa to take the opportunity to cross through stomach’s increased pH and cause disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and prevalence of parasitic infection in patients in Ilam. Materials and Methods: Following stool samples collection during 2013 in patients with abdominal pain in Ilam, Iran. H. pylori infection was investigated based on stool antigen analysis (HPSA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in patients who had recurrent abdominal pain. Stool specimens were examined using the direct examination and the spontaneous sedimentation method for detecting the trophozoite and cyst of parasites. Results: In this study, we found 65 patients with H. pylori infection. Out of these 65 patients, the percentage of patients with positive results for Giardia lamblia was 30.7% and for Entamoebahistolytica/dispar was 12.3%. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that H. pylori infection may provide favorable conditions for giardiasis infection; however, this presumption needs further studies with larger sample size.

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Strategy maps show value creation path in any organizations which includes strategic objectives of organization. Strategic objectives can provide a focus on organization’s resources based on balanced scorecard. While organizations developing their strategy map, facing with different objectives and relationships between them, it is necessary to use a practical approach to explain the relationship between strategic objectives. This paper aims to provide a hybrid approach for identifying causal relationships between strategic objectives for drawing a strategic map, So that with minimum number of relationships, the maximum impact among the strategic objectives is clarified in the map. In this regard, the importance of all possible relationships is determined by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and then strategic map was drawn by goal programming with considering to objectives of minimizing the number of relationships and maximizing total importance of the selected relationships. The FAHP results show “supporting demand-oriented researches”, “Strengthen inter-agency cooperation” and “Supporting strategic science and technology” objectives respectively have been the most important in the customer, processes and learning and growth levels of strategic map. Following by goal programming with focus on maximum reach of strategic objectives according to their weights, the minimum connections (14 relationships from 26 relationships) were selected to draw the strategic map. The systematic approach presented in this paper could be the basis of developing the strategic map for all organizations.

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This experiment evaluated the effect of soluble polysaccharides in Spirulina platensis microalgae on growth performance, body composition and immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this regard, 180 rainbow trout (17.22 ± 0.5g) were selected and distributed in five experimental treatments (with three replications). Treatments included different levels of polysaccharide in dosage of 0 (control), 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg / kg of feed. According to the results, in growth factors (final weight, body weight gain, specific growth factor, protein efficiency, feed conversion ratio and condition factor), no significant difference was observed. The highest and the lowest amount of carcass proteins were observed in the diet containing 500 mg polysaccharide and control, which showed a significant difference. The amount of fatty acids of the muscle of the fish body did not show any significant difference among the treatments. The highest and lowest levels of lysozyme activity were observed in treatments of 2,000 mg polysaccharide and control and the highest and lowest levels of complement activity were observed in treatments containing 3000 mg polysaccharide and control respectively (P <0.05). In general, the use of polysaccharide extracted from micro-algae did not significantly improve rainbow trout growth, but a slight improvement in growth and body composition (protein) in 500 mg polysaccharide per kg of diet was observed. In terms of safety indicators, treatments of 2,000 and 3,000 mg of polysaccharides per kg of diet had a good performance and could be used whenever needed.
 

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In the present study, the goldfish kisspeptin peptide was synthesized using the solid phase synthesis method according to the nucleotide sequence of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) kiss1 gene. Next, an acetyl group was added to the amino group of Tyr1 to increase the biological activity. The synthesized peptide (referred to as ACKiss1) was purified by RP-HPLC and its structure was confirmed using electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. To determine the biological activity, ACKiss1, native Kiss1 and commercial GnRH hormone were injected to goldfish, some important parameters of the reproductive physiology were studied. Kiss1 and ACKiss1 were injected with a dosage of 100 μg/kg fish body weight and GnRH was injected with dosages of 100 and 200 μg/kg body weight. 6 hours after injection, blood was taken from the caudal vein and sex hormones were measured in plasma. 24 hours after injection, reproductive indices were measured in a series of fish. In another series of fish, 24 hours after injection, ovarian and brain tissues were separated for histological studies and expression of the reproductive-related genes (cyp19b, gpr54a, and kiss1). The results revealed that significant changes in biochemical parameters and gene expression were recorded in both brain tissue samples and ovarian tissue in ACKISS1 treatment. It was also found in ovarian histology that under the influence of kisspeptin and GnRH, the number of mature oocytes increased significantly.
 

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Cavitation is changing liquid phase to gas phase due to decreasing local pressure of flow induced by increasing local velocity. In situation of maximum velocity, some bubbles that contain air and vapor are produced and traveled from point of high pressure to lower pressure, so bubbles are destroyed rapidly and produce acoustic noise. Providing sufficient numerical model for simulation of acoustic waves induced by cavitation or supercavitation is so important for monitoring and controlling of these phenomena. For analyzing propagation of acoustic waves in fluid, sound is part of fluid dynamics, so momentum, energy and mass conservation equations like fluid dynamics are basics equation for identification of supercavitation. In this paper, to provide a numerical model contains hydrodynamic and acoustic parts of fluid dynamics, first by using scaled analysis, non dimensional forms of conservation equations are generated. Then by using perturbation method and considering acoustic term as a term in lower order than hydrodynamic term, conservation equations can be separated to two group equations with different orders. Leading order is hydrodynamic equations and first order is acoustic form of conservation equations. Results in first order equation show coupling of acoustic terms with hydrodynamic terms of fluid flow.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate language needs and identify the priority of using language skills (reading, listening, writing and speaking) in different situations (private, academic, and professional). The research method is descriptive-analytic and the data collection tool is a questionnaire consisting of 49 items. The statistical population consisted of 199 students (73 males and 126 females) at BA (n = 69), MA (n =67) and Ph.D (n =63) at the University of Mazandaran. The responses of the participants were analyzed using SPSS software. In general, the results of the comparison of mean scores of language skills reavealed that with increasing educational level, students' needs to use language skills especially in academic domains increased steadily. Also, receptive skills (reading and hearing) have more usage than productive skills (speaking and writing) in all three groups. The results of data analysis through non-parametric tests showed that there were significant differences in reading skill among all groups, in writing skill between the Ph.D group and the two groups, and in speaking skill between the Ph.D and BA groups. In terms of language usage, while the needs of participants in the undergraduate level were related to their private life situations, doctoral students often expressed their needs in academic situations. There was no significant difference between different sections in the professional situation and listening skill. This study has implications for researchers, instructors, and learners of English language.

1. Introduction
Many scholars have stressed that the content of English courses do not correspond to the learners’ needs in a particular learning context. Therefore, before designing and implementing any curriculum for English for Academic Purposes (EAP), it is necessary to conduct a needs analysis to assess the language needs of language learners. This study attempts to identify the most important needs of university students as well as their preferences for using language skills in different academic, private and professional situations.
Research Questions:
The present study sought to provide a general analysis of the target language needs of the students in three educational levels. Therefore, the study sought to answer the following questions:
1. How do university students (undergraduate and postgraduate) compare in their needs for the use of language skills in different situations?
 2. Is there any significant difference in the needs to use language skills (reading, listening, writing and speaking) among BA, MA and PhD students?
3. Is there any significant difference in the needs to use language in different situations (private, academic and professional) among BA, MA and PhD students?

2. Literature Review
The principles underlying course design in most of the English language programs are not consistent with the language needs of the university students (Atai & Tahririan, 2003; Eslami, 2010). Jordan (1997) suggested that the academic curriculum of an EAP course, in which attempt is made to meet the needs of the students in advanced university level, must be academically-oriented and consider the learners’ literacy abilities. In this regard, the EAP curriculum is designed based on the students’ awareness towards a particular language of specialty and therefore particular methods of speaking, writing or reading academic texts are applied. Analysis of needs as a first step in the design of courses can confirm the validity of courses (Johns, 1991). Since teaching all aspects of language is not possible, all approaches should be focused as much as possible on that part of the language which is related to the future needs of students (Mackey,1995). According to Brown (1995), the needs are not absolute, and once identified, they must be continuously validated to ensure that they are real. Needs analysis not only reflects the needs of language learners, but also enables the process of prioritizing needs through highly effective and feasible advanced statistics (Čapková & Kroupová, 2017). Mohammadi Rakati et al. (2015) emphasize that the most important objective of the needs analysis is to collect information about learners' problems in language skills, familiarize themselves with the gap between current abilities and the needs of learners, and determine the success rate of programs and textbooks in meeting these needs.Conducting a need analysis not only facilitates the process of constructing course objectives, but also it will lead to learners’ assurance in achieving the expected learning outcome.

3. Methodology
Data were collected from 199 students (73 males and 126 females) studying in different fields of study, including basic sciences, humanities and social sciences. The age of the participants ranged from 19 to 42 years. The first language of all participants was Persian and none of the participants had the experience of living in a foreign country. In this descriptive inferential study, data were collected using a questionnaire adopted from Kormos et al. (2002), which used a combination of the existing questionnaires (Nunan, 1988; Richterch, 1980) and the framework presented by the Education Committee of the European Union (council of Europe, 2001). The questionnaire was piloted and validated by think-aloud interviews and its reliability was ensured (r > 0.7). It comprised 49 questions requiring the participants to answer on a five-point Likert scale ranging from “never” (value 1) to  “always” (value 5). For the purpose of analysis, the questions were divided into 3 major domains of language use situations: private (18 items), academic (14 items), and professional (17 items).  After administration of the questionnaire, the responses of the students were scored, tabulated and subjected to a series of statistical analyses.

4. Results
The study indicated that the students from different educational levels reported different levels of  using language skills and expressed different needs in private, academic and professional domains. The difference was particularly meaningful between PhD students with both BA and MA students. Findings related to the first research question indicated a significant difference between the linguistic needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students in the academic and professional domains. In order to determine the exact location of the differences, multiple comparisons from the three levels of study were performed. The results of the analysis indicated that there was a significant difference in academic domain of English language use between undergraduate and postgraduate groups of students (MA and PhD). Concerning the second research question, PhD and undergraduate students reported the highest and lowest application of language skills, respectively. Furthermore, the receptive skills (reading and listening) in general were more used than the productive skills of speaking and writing in all three groups. Considering the last question, there was a significant difference in academic domain of English language use between undergraduate students and the two other groups of students (MA and PhD). In addition, all three groups differred significantly from each other in the use of English in professional domain. 

5. Discussion
Findings of the study indicate that the students are in need of increasing their general language proficiency particularly the written mode (reading and writing). This result seems to be in line with the findings of the studies by Eslami Rasekh (2010) and Atai and Nazari (2010). Therefore, most of the attention should be drawn to the written mode of language skills in academic course design of the university, since this mode was shown to be more frequent in the situations in which students use the target language.Secondly, it was found that the situations for using English language in academic and also teaching and other professional domains were considerably different considering the level of education. But no significant difference in private domain was observed. This finding could be justifiable since the participants reside in a country that English is considered as a foreign language; therefore, they are not expected to use language on a daily basis. Findings of the current study have obvious implications for the curriculum development for English programs as well as Iranian EFL instructors and course designers. They can revise and restructure the present courses based on the students’ most frequent perceived needs.
 

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Present- and past perfect paradigms are commonly thought of as having the perfect aspect. Examining the concept of tense and aspect along with their definitions, the present study argues that what is often referred to as the perfect aspect in Persian is essentially a temporal concept. Taking into consideration the reference-, event-, and speech points, the study shows that the reference point comes necessarily after the event point in the case of the present- and the past perfect as well as their variants. In other words, this indicates the continuing relevance of a previous situation. Since this concept does not entail the completeness of the event, referring to it as “perfect” would be inaccurate. For this reason, the present study proposes the term the anterior tense as a substitute for the perfect aspect. The authors emphasize the significance of the reference situation in determination of grammatical tenses by referring to the function of temporal adverbs and participles. Participles, as independent words, are present in the structures of deverbal adjectives, perfect verbs, passive verbs, complex predicates, and attributive expressions. In all these functions, the morpheme of “-te/-de” represents the anterior tense. Reexamining the previous approaches, the present study reveals that tense, in addition to representing the reference and speech situations in the form of the trichotomy of present/past/future, represents the reference and event situations as well. In other words, tense of a verb encompasses both the trichotomy of past/present/future and the dichotomy of anterior/non-anterior.


1. Introduction
Tense is a linear notion. Anteriority, synchronicity and posteriority of the event point (E) in relation to the speech point (S) on this line create tense trichotomy (past, present, future). It is quite clear that this division does not account for the difference in many constructions; for example, the distinction between simple past and imperfective past, or the difference between imperfective past and past continuous, or the difference between simple past and quotative past (present perfect). The main question of the current article focuses on the latter distinction. Most linguists have considered the distinction in aspect, and they believe that the quotative past has a perfect aspect.
The current research claims the distinction in Persian cannot be considered an aspectual one and shows that the morphemes that are present in the perfect constructions express a kind of tense concept which we have called anterior tense. Moreover, we will try to identify the trace of these morphemes in deverbal adjectives.

2. Literature Review
It seems that the term quotative past in the meaning we presumed, was first used in Dabestɑn-e Parsi by Habib Esfahani (1906). Evidently, grammarians have studied quotative past and distant past separately and have not noticed their similarity with respect to the so-called perfect aspect. Only Lazard, who adopted a comparative approach in order to explain these constructions, considered distant past to be the past of quotative past (2010: 186). Furthermore, in case of aspect and tense, the past subjunctive is similar to quotative past and their difference is solely in terms of mood. Most grammarians have not studied the two with their relation to each other. But Lazard considered past subjunctive to be the subjunctive of quotative past (2010: 189). Sadeghi & Arzhang (1979), and following them, Haghshenas et al. (2008) have also mentioned this point. Farshidvard (2003: 405) has also pointed it out.
Concerning grammatical aspect in Persian and especially about perfect constructions, the most important studies are Darzi & Jafari (2020) and Veisi Hesar & Sharif (2019). Following Declerck (2006, 2015), Veisi Hesar & Sharif (2019) divide the time axis into two fields of past and present. The present field is itself divided into three zones. Present tense zone refers to the part of present field which corresponds to moment zero (now). Pre-present zone has begun before moment zero and continues to its vicinity. Post-present zone starts just after moment zero. The past zone is situated before the pre-present zone. Past, pre-present, present and post-present zones constitute past tense, present perfect, present, and future, respectively. This view is problematic. Firstly, delimiting the fields is totally vague; e.g. the limits of the pre-present zone are blur and it is unclear what separates it from past tense. Secondly, this analysis cannot provide a consistent analysis of the property shared by the perfect constructions. Based on this analysis, past perfect is a relative tense, while present perfect is an absolute one. Thirdly, in order to answer the question of the difference between present perfect and simple past, these scholars, following Declerck (2006) declare that present perfect is situated in the pre-present zone which is in the vicinity of and in contact with moment zero, while past tense is completely separate from moment zero and thus expresses completeness and temporal distance. Therefore, the difference between these two tenses… can be explained by their proximity or remoteness from moment zero (2019: 19). Nevertheless, In Persian, simple past has a usage which is in stark opposition to this claim. In fact, present perfect cannot be used to refer to an action that is done at the very moment of speaking and simple past is what must be used.

3. Methodology
We examined the most significant achievements in describing the perfect constructions in Persian. In Theoretical Basis, chiefly based on Comrie (1976) and its followers, we considered aspect and its types, and based on Reichenbach (1947) and Hornstein (1993), the role of R in determining tenses was recognized. Then, we studied aspect and its types in Persian and the perfect constructions, and it was shown what the morphemes representing the so-called perfect concept are and how they interact with other morphemes which express tense.

4. Results
Tense is determined based on the position of R, E, and S on timeline. First, the relation between E and R, and then the relation between R and S is determined and the result shows the relative position of these three points to each other. There are specific morphemes in Persian which encode these two relations and their aggregation determines the tense label of a construction. Absence of the past marker morpheme “-t/d” means the simultaneity of S and R (present tense), its presence means R is before S (past tense), and presence of the morpheme “xɑh” (as an auxiliary) signifies S before R (future tense).

Table 1.
 Morphemes Expressing the Relation of S and R

R___S	R & S simultaneous	S___R
+ past affix	- past affix	- past effix + xɑh
Past tense	Present tense	Future tense

In the table, some tenses traditionally labeled as “past” are here considered present. Note that the participle consists of the two morphemes of the stem and “-te/de”. The latter morpheme expresses the relation between R and E. If E is before R, it signifies the anterior tense and if these two points are simultaneous, it expresses the unmarked state for which we use the term non-anterior tense. Note that based on the relation between E and R in Persian, we come to a tense dichotomy: One in which E is before R called anterior, and the other in which E and R are simultaneous and is called non-anterior. Nevertheless, if Persian like English had a special construction for future, i.e. if R could be before E, then we would have a trichotomy: anterior, simultaneous, and posterior.

Table 2.
Morphemes Expressing the Relation between E and R

E___R	E & R simultaneous
+ te/de	- te/de
Anterior tense	Non-anterior tense

Now, we must answer the question why in perfect tense constructions, we considered the morpheme “-te/de” to express the relation between E and R. It seems that this morpheme, irrespective of whether it is used in the verb or not, signifies that E is anterior to R. In fact, adjectives such as “dɑneshɑmuxte” (graduate) signify perfectness, because in their construction, exactly like that of anterior tenses, E is before R. Note that in these adjectives, the relation between R and S, and as a result, the relation between E and S are unclear.
In general, E before R represented by the suffix “-de/te” appears in these constructions: 1. In adjectives such as “dɑneshɑmux-te”, “mor-de”, “gandi-de”, etc.; 2. In the so-called perfect constructions such as quotative past, distant past, quotative past continuous, etc. 3. In passive sentences; 4. In the so-called past participle clauses.
What we said here, clearly shows the incorrectness of claims made by scholars such as Farshidvard (2003: 380), or Hornstein (1993) who consider the auxiliary to signify perfectness. It is clear that the participle, whether used in a verb or outside it, has this meaning. The auxiliary in these constructions includes a morpheme which determines the relations between E and S.
As is shown in table 3, imperfective anterior present, continuous anterior present, and anterior present subjunctive constructions have a tense exactly the same as that of anterior present, since their difference with anterior present is in concepts unrelated to tense, i.e. aspect and mood. The difference between anterior past and anterior present is in the relation between S and R. In any case, double anterior present is slightly different. It is primarily formed as anterior past, i.e. E is located first in relation to an R in past, and then in relation to a secondary R in present. In other words, the E in this construction, in addition to being related to a posterior situation in past (R₁), is still relevant to now (R₂).

Table 3.
Representation of Anterior Tense

	Constructions with Anterior Tense	Example	S & R	E & R	Representation
1	anterior present	rafte am	present	anterior	E__S,R
2	imperfective anterior present	mirafte ast	present	anterior	E__S,R
3	anterior present continuous	dɑshte [ast] mirafte [ast]	present	anterior	E__S,R
4	anterior present subjunctive	rafte bɑshad	present	anterior	E__S,R
5	anterior past	rafte bud	past	anterior	E__R__S
6	double anterior present	rafte bude ast	present	anterior	E__R1__S,R2

5. Conclusion
By considering R next to S and E, we showed how time concepts are grammaticalized in Persian. Contrary to common approaches to tense, the trichotomy of past, present, and future is not determined by the relation between E and S. These tenses are determined by the relative anteriority or posteriority or simultaneity of S and R. Beside this trichotomy, based on the relation between R and E, tenses are divided into two groups of anterior and non-anterior. In most previous views, this notion has been considered a type of aspect and usually labeled as perfect aspect. However, as we elaborated, it cannot be an aspect, since the position of situations on the time axis has nothing to do with aspect which relates to the internal state of an event. Therefore, the common characteristic of all perfect constructions is that R is before E which is grammaticalized in the morpheme “-te/de”. This morpheme is used in participles which are used in verbs such as past perfect and present perfect (and its types), passive verbs, past participle clauses, etc. and in all cases expresses this meaning.
 

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Systems of recognition and location identification of underwater moving bodies which using acoustic waves are called sonar. Electroacoustic transducers have an important role in underwater communication systems such as Sonar. A set of electroacoustic transducers which is called sonar array, can be used for sending and receiving underwater sound. The most widely used transducer in these arrays are Tonpilz transducer. In this paper, a full simulation of Tonpilz transducer is given and the most important factors for evaluating transducer performance are checked experimentally and numerically. Also for validation of finite element model, the sample of transducer was designed and made. This transducer was tested in two methods, electrically and acoustically. Electrical behavior was tested by Impedance gain analyzer devise. Acoustic test was carried in the acoustic pool. Then the result of FEM compared with experimental results. With comparing FEM results and tested model, it is observed that the finite element model can predict electrical and acoustical behavior of Tonpilz transducer so well. Finally it is tried to improve frequency response of transducer with making changes in the structure. While the addition of damping factors can increase frequency bandwidth.

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Nowadays the use of Drug Eluting Stents (DESs) is considered as a successful method for the treatment of coronary artery blockage. In order to study the impact of the presence of topcoat on heparin-eluting stents efficacy, two designs (with and without drug free topcoat) have been compared to each other. Moreover, here the importance of the plasma flow as a controversial topic among researchers has been studied. In order to closer to reality heart working, plasma flow is considered as a pulsatile fashion. Also, the injury of the coronary artery penetrated to a depth of media layer during angioplasty. Volume-averaged porous media equations which describe the drug release dynamics are employed and solved numerically by Finite Volume Method (FVM). Results put the amount of strut penetration in the forefront of importance. Local drug pharmacokinetics experiences significant changes by strut passing through endothelium, intima and Internal Elastic Lamina (IEL) and being contiguous with media layer. Although the plasma flow decreases/increases the amount of concentration level and subsequently decreases/increases the amount of drug mass in media/adventitia layer, but the results show that these effects are not significant. Among other findings, it is notable that the presence of topcoat has a negligible effect on the release characteristics.

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In-stent restenosis is one of the important inefficient reasons about Drug Eluting Stents (DESs). Awareness of how polymer coated drug distributes by these devices provides valuable informations about its efficacy. Porous media theory has been employed in the modeling of drug polymer and the injured arterial wall composed of media and adventitia. The stabished coupled PDEs describing local pharmacokinets of heparin has been solved numerically by finite volume method. Two approaches, single phase and two phases models, has been chosen for coating and the effect of local mass non-equilibrium dynamics in the coating on drug distribution has been evaluated by allocating three magnitude for solid-liquid transfer time characteristic. Moreover, the effect of lost drug by vasavasorum and microcapilaries has been considered as well as cell metabolism. The results show a significant change in drug concentration distribution in the presence of phase change happening. Reducing in solid-liquid transfer time characteristic is associated with drastic reducing in both drug egression from polymer and wash out from adventitia and has a pleasant effect. Also, consumtion of drug declines concentration level in the wall dramatically, specially in adventitia.

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Any industry needs an efficient predictive plan in order to optimize the management of resources and improve the economy of the plant by reducing unnecessary costs and increasing the level of safety. Rotating machinery is the most common machinery in industry and the root of the faults in rotatingmachinery is often faulty rolling element bearings. Because of a transitory characteristic vibration of bearing faults, combining Continuous wavelet transforms with envelope analysis is applied for signal proseccing. This paper studies the application of independent component analysis and support vector machines to for automated diagnosis of localized faults in rolling element bearings. The independent component analysis is used for feature extraction and data reduction from original features. The principal components analysis is also applied in feature extraction process for comparison with independent component analysis does. In this paper, support vector machines-based multi-class classification is applied to do faults classification process and utilized a cross-validation technique in order to choose the optimal values of kernel parameters.

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Archaeological excavations on the western part of the Central Iranian Plateau, known as the Qazvin Plain provides invaluable information about the sedentary communities from early occupation to the later prehistoric era. Despite the past archeological data, chronological studies mostly rely on the relative use of the Bayesian modeling for stratigraphically-related radiocarbon dates. The current paper provides a new model for excavations and the chronological framework based on new radiocarbon dating of the six key archeological enclosures in the Qazvin plain. A Bayesian analysis of these data is presented on a site-by-site basis to give the best chronologies. Finally, all dates are combined into a single model of the chronology of the Qazvin Plain from the Late Neolithic to the Iron Age. The procedure aims to use the Bayesian model to predict the transition points between the archaeologically-defined periods with the highest possible precision, to redefine the existing chronology for the Qazvin Plain

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Necessity to budget restructuring from program budgeting to performance ‎budgeting led to many studies for requirements of these changes. By ‎reviewing literature budgeting models with concept of ‎performance as Excellency and Efficiency was not seen. Main idea of this research ‎was providing Performance-based budgeting model with following criteria: 1-while considering general policies of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in ‎budget allocation among subset hospitals, efficiency at overall and ‎efficiency in budget allocation should be taken into account. 2- Efficiency of the ‎ used mathematical models should be considered.‎‏ ‏The EFQM Excellency model was used as a base ‎of excellence assessment in hospitals. In order to classify hospitals, thoes with similarities in excellence dimensions were clustered and ‎ efficiency of hospitals evaluated using BCC model. ‎ In order to achieve the main purpose of the study, at the first step, crisp performance-‎based budgeting model was designed by 6 Goal (Excellency, efficiency and Bed ‎Occupancy Rate at two levels of Cluster Average and within clusters) then the ‎model was enabled to better respond in uncertainty situation by using the fuzzy ‎and robustness methods. Also, in order to analyze capabilities of ‎robust models more precisely, the Monte Carlo simulation was used. Results showed that the ‎robust-fuzzy model has more capability than crisp model reposing the uncertainty ‎in parameters of problem. ‎

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The main purpose of this paper is to provide a structured insight into the current state of marketing research in Iran. Therefore, a systematic review of 966 studies published in Persian scientific journals (2001-2015) was conducted. The review of published studies shows that consumer behavior, brand and marketing strategy are the first three subjects that have been considered by researcher and have experienced a growing trend. Findings show that majority of active researchers in marketing have only one published study; therefore, mainstream of research in this field does not reach to its professional maturity. Also, published researches are mainly based on quantitative methods (structural equations modeling and inferential statistical analysis). Using quantitative methods has a direct relationship with the type of data collection and show a significant difference with the growing trend of qualitative research in the international marketing journals.

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