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Showing 7 results for Taghilo
Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2009)
Abstract
Objective: Relapsing fever caused by Borrelia persica is an acute tick-borne disease which is transmitted by soft ticks of Ornithodoros tholozani to human. The disease is reported from Middle East and many regions of Iran. Detection of infection is problematic since the suspected infected ticks should be fed on animal hosts such as guinea pigs and subsequently after 7-14 days, the animal blood should be microscopically investigated for Borellia spirochetes on a Giemsa stainined thick smear. This classic method named xenodiagnosis is hard, time consuming, and less reliable. In this study, the application of PCR technique has been examined for detection of Borellia persica in soft ticks of O. tholozani. Materials and Methods: Tick specimens were collected from northwestern Iran and were fed on Borellia persica infected guinea pigs. DNA of the animal blood were extracted and used as target for PCR amplification of 16rDNA gene. Subsequently the products were subjected to sequencing. The effect of tick sex and post digestion as well as the minimum number of spirochetes on the efficiency of PCR were also tested. Results: The xenodiagnosis assay was able to detect infection in only 13.3% of the tick-bitten animal bloods whereas all of these blood specimens were PCR positive against the 16rDNA gene. There wasno difference in results of PCR for male and female of the ticks. Post digestion of infected blood meal in ticks did not affect the efficacy of PCR and the recently-fed samples showed similar results to those of completely gravid ones. A test on the threshold sensitivity of PCR assay indicated that only one spirochete is enough for the primers to anneal and to amplify the target gene. Conclusion: This study describes the first molecular assay for diagnosis of B. persica infected ticks in Iran and due to its high speed, accuracy, and applicability is a substitution method for diagnostic purposes in TBRF foci.
Volume 13, Issue 13 (First Special Issue 2014)
Abstract
Two-phase flow modeling has been the subject of many investigations. However, fewer studies are corresponded for two-phase flow within a porous medium, because of additional complications. In this paper, two-phase flow with the density and viscosity ratio of 1, within a porous medium is simulated by Shan and Chen model. Due to inherent limitations and weaknesses of this approach in an independent control of surface tension, investigation of parameters such as Reynolds number, Froude and Weber is not applicable. However, porous medium parameters such as Darcy number and contact angle could be studied by changing the porous medium and contact angle. Competition between opposing forces against the drop and the capillary effect because of increasing the number of particles in the porous media is described using the Darcy number. Also the effect of the contact angle between liquid-gas phases and the solid surface is evaluated on the droplet penetration inside the porous medium.
Volume 16, Issue 8 (10-2016)
Abstract
The use of phase-change material to enhance the capacity of energy storage/release is the subject of many new researches on management of the energy supply. Study of these systems is directly related to the solid-liquid phase-change problem, in which the evaluation of temperature distribution, position of phase-change front and liquid or solid fraction becomes a basic problem. Study of freezing and melting process with regard to natural convection in the liquid phase is the main purpose of the present paper. For this purpose, a rectangular finned container of phase-change material is intended. Fins are used to enhance the heat transfer rate. This fact necessitates the use of immersed boundary condition on the solid phase. Hence, the melting process considering the both effects of natural convection and movement of solid phase is studied. The freezing process is also studied taking into accounts the natural convection with no need to impose the immersed boundary condition. Lattice Boltzmann method is used as a numerical method and results are reported based on the dimensionless parameters. Based on the results, the effects of natural convection is negligible during freezing process, while imposing the effects of natural convection provides a significant change in the required time for complete melting of the phase change material.
Manuchehr Farajzadeh, Ali Taghilo,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (4-2013)
Volume 20, Issue 2 (4-2013)
Abstract
This study analyzes wind energy potentials of Zanjan province which located in northwest of Iran. Renewable energy plans are not fully environmentally safe and different renewable energy plans have different environmental impacts. Therefore, site selection is an important issue in the wind turbine installation and therefore, selecting an appropriate wind turbine site requires consideration of multiple alternative solution and evaluation criteria because of the system complexities. In this paper, using AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS techniques in conjunction with GIS, wind turbine potentials of the study area are evaluated. Criteria weights are obtained from pairwise comparison of identified criteria and after fuzzification of both criteria weights and criteria map layers using triangular fuzzy numbers, fuzzy TOPSIS technique is utilized to integrate and rank more suitable alternatives for the wind turbine installation. The results shows the ability of multi-criteria methods to evaluate suitable sites in geographic areas on one side and good potentials sites of Zanjan province to establish new energy plans on the other.
Volume 20, Issue 4 (Winter 2017)
Abstract
The role And place of rural development in Economic, social and political processes in local, regional, national , international and the consequences of undeveloped in rural areas such as widespread poverty, rising inequalities, rapid population growth, unemployment, immigration and urban margins the cause is attention to rural development and even its priority to urban development. In this regard, the present study is to Future approach, to offer influential propellants in the development of rural areas of Iran. The research method is based on the Delphi technique. At first, by using Porter's five forces analysis for micro environment and analysis STEEP (social, technological, economic, environmental and political) for the macro environment, Events and effective propellants in the rural development were selected by experts of Delphi Group. Then, for determining the main drivers of the importance, the impact and the lack of certainty of cross-impact analysis propellants and hierarchical analysis model is used. According to the Finding results, the most important key factors regarding to degree of importance importance; respectively are partnership, investment and entrepreneurship, training skilled manpower, natural resources, income generation, the rural guide plan, ownership of resources, technology, services and tourism. According to the opinion of experts the first five factors are very important in rural development. That certainty and uncertainty of propellants is discussed to planning appropriate actions for controlling and directing them towards Iran rural development.
Volume 23, Issue 1 (Spring 2019)
Abstract
Extended Abstract:
Introduction
The spatial structure of the urban settlement system in a geographical domain requires a good foundation to achieve maximum productivity. By this way, the aim of the current research is to study the urban settlement planning of West Azerbaijan which is highly uncertain due to its geographical location, ethnic diversity and environmental issues. Economic freedom in the Maku Free Zone, the expansion of markets at 7 border areas of the province, the development of the Miandoab-Tehran communication network, the creation of a railway roundabout, the economic development of the Baneh region, policies to deal with ever decreasing agricultural activities due to the water and environmental crisis, making decisions on creating special economic areas in Mahabad, Urmia, Salmas and Miandoab ...are regional and local trends that have caused uncertainty in the settlement pattern of the province and the human space flow, goods and services. In a nutshell, the study aims to identify settlement scenarios of the province and the framework for the deployment of services, infrastructures and flow of capital, goods and humans in the region for spatial planning.
Methodology
This is a type of applied research and, in essence, based on new scientific, analytical and investigative methods. The statistical population of the study is 30 professors, experts and specialists in the field of spatial planning. The data gathering method was used to examine the effective factors on the urban settlements system of the province, both in documentary (secondary data) and survey (primary data), for which questionnaire and interviews were used as a survey method. To analyze the data, a combination of Delphi methods, Cross-impact analysis, and Mick-Mac software were used.
Results and Discussion
45 variables were found to be the main and strategic ones affecting the planning of the urban settlement system of West Azerbaijan province that were analyzed via Mick-Mc software.Finally, 11 effective factors were identified with 33 statuses. Accordingly, the midway and the pessimistic assumptions in the best possible range were defined to be the worse. Given theoretical foundations of the proposed study, the spatial scenarios of the province in terms its geographic extent and severity, multiplicity of cities, location and regional potentials can be summarized as follows:
First Scenario (Polar Scenario): By choosing this scenario, the future settlement system of the province will have following outcomes:
- Deletion permissions to settlement perimeter will be too low due to high concentration and security reasons and high ethnic diversity in the province as well as its inappropriate form and shape.
- The polar scenario is an illustration of highly-concentrated settlement system in which responsibility for decisions, policies, management and their implementation will be simultaneously focused on the city of Urumia.
- Urumia is practically the center of commodity exchanges at the provincial level and will be a key link for each settlement in the city.
Second Scenario (Cluster Scenario): The obvious features of this scenario are as follows:
- Although the centralization dominates the province, by coordinating and collaborating widely between settlements, reduces the focus on the province's space relative to the radical scenario. One of the main reasons for this decrease is the existence of large urban centers such as Khoy in the north, Urumia in the center, Miandoab in the south;
- In this scenario, a number of larger settlements compete with the center of Urumia, and play a central role for its surroundings.
- The headquarters of each cluster manages its communication.
Third Scenario (Archipelago Scenario): In general, the typical features of this scenario in West Azerbaijan province are as follows:
- The lack of extensive cooperation between settlements, spatial dispersion of housing, as well as the developmental equality of settlements causing communications flows mainly carried out within limited areas (cities and regions).
- The scenario of the archipelago is an image of the West Azerbaijan province as an island facing local markets and urban areas
Fourth Scenario (Multi-center): The typical features of this scenario are as follows:
- In a multi-centered scenario, focusing on the province's space is due to the development of some settlements and the wide-ranging collaboration between them. However, due to inappropriate form and body and some restrictions in different areas, there is a relative dependence on clusters.
- In this scenario, the urban complexes of the province have changed from one central space to a multicentre urban complex. Due to high convergence between central settlements and their interaction with each other, macro policies are taken collaboratively by central settlements of main areas.
Fifth Scenario (Network): The typical features of this scenario are as follows:
- This scenario presents a picture of a networked city complex (both in urban and rural settlement).
- Each settlement itself manages its connections with other settlements.
- In this scenario, no settlement is dependent on other settlements.
Conclusion
Considering the current status of central and star structure of the urban system of West Azerbaijan province, the multi-centered urban network is suitable especially due to potentially powerful cities of Khoy, Mako, Miandoab and Mahabad, the northern- southern stretch of the province, geopolitical location after realizing the multi-centered model and providing an appropriate infrastructure and substrate. The transition from the multicenter model to the network will be provided. To reach the multi-centered urban network, which is the scenario of choice for the provincial urban system, the cluster and hierarchical stage of the city's network must be reached in early phases of the province's development. Once an appropriate infrastructure and substrate is provided, the multi-center urban scenario will be realized.
Introduction
The spatial structure of the urban settlement system in a geographical domain requires a good foundation to achieve maximum productivity. By this way, the aim of the current research is to study the urban settlement planning of West Azerbaijan which is highly uncertain due to its geographical location, ethnic diversity and environmental issues. Economic freedom in the Maku Free Zone, the expansion of markets at 7 border areas of the province, the development of the Miandoab-Tehran communication network, the creation of a railway roundabout, the economic development of the Baneh region, policies to deal with ever decreasing agricultural activities due to the water and environmental crisis, making decisions on creating special economic areas in Mahabad, Urmia, Salmas and Miandoab ...are regional and local trends that have caused uncertainty in the settlement pattern of the province and the human space flow, goods and services. In a nutshell, the study aims to identify settlement scenarios of the province and the framework for the deployment of services, infrastructures and flow of capital, goods and humans in the region for spatial planning.
Methodology
This is a type of applied research and, in essence, based on new scientific, analytical and investigative methods. The statistical population of the study is 30 professors, experts and specialists in the field of spatial planning. The data gathering method was used to examine the effective factors on the urban settlements system of the province, both in documentary (secondary data) and survey (primary data), for which questionnaire and interviews were used as a survey method. To analyze the data, a combination of Delphi methods, Cross-impact analysis, and Mick-Mac software were used.
Results and Discussion
45 variables were found to be the main and strategic ones affecting the planning of the urban settlement system of West Azerbaijan province that were analyzed via Mick-Mc software.Finally, 11 effective factors were identified with 33 statuses. Accordingly, the midway and the pessimistic assumptions in the best possible range were defined to be the worse. Given theoretical foundations of the proposed study, the spatial scenarios of the province in terms its geographic extent and severity, multiplicity of cities, location and regional potentials can be summarized as follows:
First Scenario (Polar Scenario): By choosing this scenario, the future settlement system of the province will have following outcomes:
- Deletion permissions to settlement perimeter will be too low due to high concentration and security reasons and high ethnic diversity in the province as well as its inappropriate form and shape.
- The polar scenario is an illustration of highly-concentrated settlement system in which responsibility for decisions, policies, management and their implementation will be simultaneously focused on the city of Urumia.
- Urumia is practically the center of commodity exchanges at the provincial level and will be a key link for each settlement in the city.
Second Scenario (Cluster Scenario): The obvious features of this scenario are as follows:
- Although the centralization dominates the province, by coordinating and collaborating widely between settlements, reduces the focus on the province's space relative to the radical scenario. One of the main reasons for this decrease is the existence of large urban centers such as Khoy in the north, Urumia in the center, Miandoab in the south;
- In this scenario, a number of larger settlements compete with the center of Urumia, and play a central role for its surroundings.
- The headquarters of each cluster manages its communication.
Third Scenario (Archipelago Scenario): In general, the typical features of this scenario in West Azerbaijan province are as follows:
- The lack of extensive cooperation between settlements, spatial dispersion of housing, as well as the developmental equality of settlements causing communications flows mainly carried out within limited areas (cities and regions).
- The scenario of the archipelago is an image of the West Azerbaijan province as an island facing local markets and urban areas
Fourth Scenario (Multi-center): The typical features of this scenario are as follows:
- In a multi-centered scenario, focusing on the province's space is due to the development of some settlements and the wide-ranging collaboration between them. However, due to inappropriate form and body and some restrictions in different areas, there is a relative dependence on clusters.
- In this scenario, the urban complexes of the province have changed from one central space to a multicentre urban complex. Due to high convergence between central settlements and their interaction with each other, macro policies are taken collaboratively by central settlements of main areas.
Fifth Scenario (Network): The typical features of this scenario are as follows:
- This scenario presents a picture of a networked city complex (both in urban and rural settlement).
- Each settlement itself manages its connections with other settlements.
- In this scenario, no settlement is dependent on other settlements.
Conclusion
Considering the current status of central and star structure of the urban system of West Azerbaijan province, the multi-centered urban network is suitable especially due to potentially powerful cities of Khoy, Mako, Miandoab and Mahabad, the northern- southern stretch of the province, geopolitical location after realizing the multi-centered model and providing an appropriate infrastructure and substrate. The transition from the multicenter model to the network will be provided. To reach the multi-centered urban network, which is the scenario of choice for the provincial urban system, the cluster and hierarchical stage of the city's network must be reached in early phases of the province's development. Once an appropriate infrastructure and substrate is provided, the multi-center urban scenario will be realized.
Volume 28, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
The economic significance of regions in the context of attracting capital and trade on a global scale is paramount to fostering economic development within a globalized framework. Concurrently, international capital predominantly gravitates towards regions that possess the capability to yield profits and exhibit the requisite potential for augmenting the added value of capital. This investigation delves into the capabilities of Iranian provinces within the global economy, utilizing an integrated approach that encompasses regionalism and the global payment chain. The methodology employed in this study is characterized as applied, with a descriptive and analytical framework. Data collection was conducted through a combination of documentary research and fieldwork, drawing from statistical sources and authoritative research findings. A variety of statistical methodologies, including regression and correlation analyses, were employed to facilitate the examination of the data. The findings of this study revealed that the economic contributions of diverse geographical regions within Iran were heterogeneous. Regions that demonstrated substantial success in attracting international capital did not necessarily correlate with an enhancement in exports and foreign trade; moreover, the performance of various geographical areas varied significantly across the studied indicators and did not adhere to a consistent principle or rule. In essence, the positioning of Iranian regions in terms of capital attraction, exports, imports, or trade within a specific year appears to be somewhat arbitrary, necessitating a longitudinal analysis to thoroughly elucidate the influence of the variables employed in determining the global economic status of these regions.
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