Showing 113 results for Soheil
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The present mixed-methods study aimed to provide the preliminary profile of Iranian EFL teachers’ Psychological Distress, Foreign Language Teaching Enjoyment, and wellbeing. In this vein, 243 Iranian EFL teachers aged between 20 to 51 were recruited from four provinces and were asked to reflect and respond the questionnaires. The results of the Pearson Correlation signaled a significant negative relatedness of Psychological Distress with the other two variables which were significantly and positively associated. Building upon the quantitative results, we further explored the coping strategies with which the teachers would alter and allay the negativity of Psychological Distress in their daily life and teaching experience. The qualitative results of the interview obtained from 40 teachers showed that they use self-related, and others-related strategies to cope with their distressful feelings. The findings of the present study would be useful for teachers and teacher educators by giving them an eagle eye towards teachers’ negative feelings and the ways by which they can handle unpleasant feelings and move toward wellbeing.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted for Publication 2024)
Abstract
Aim and Introduction
One of the most important issues in Iran's economy is related to managing the exchange rate, inflation and budget deficit. During tightening of the sanctions, the oil revenues are limited which potentially leads to an increase in the budget deficit as well as a decrease in the currency supply which accelerates the exchange rate. On the other hand, with the increase in the budget deficit, the probability of borrowing from the banking system and also the issuance of bonds increases, which in turn rise the monetary base and liquidity. In addition, inflationary expectations also increase, which can be effective in improving assets prices. With an increase in inflation, based on the inflation-currency spiral, there is a possibility of a grow in exchange rate in order to maintain the competitiveness of domestic production. This can accelerate the price of imported commodities and cause domestic inflation again. With the increase in inflation and households spending, nominal wages will have a higher growth compared to normal conditions in order to maintain minimum purchasing power, which can again face the government with limited resources and more borrowing to meet current expenses. From the monetarists’ point of view and the classical economics, in general, the main stimulator in increasing inflation is the growth of money and liquidity. However, from the post-Keynesian economists’ point of view, inflation increases the demand of money and subsequently liquidity. On the other hand, with an increase in the exchange rate, the government's expenses usually increase more than its income, which can lead to an increase in the government's budget deficit. Also, considering the existence of a monopoly in currency supply by the central bank, the hypothesis of using currency exchange revenues (the difference between free and budget-approved currency) will be applicable and this issue can raise the impact of the budget deficit on the exchange rate. Therefore, there has always been a serious challenge among economists as well as macroeconomic decision-makers about the connectedness between macroeconomic variables. What is the main driver of the network between macro variables? Is there a different way of communication in different thresholds of their growth rate? These cases show that it is very important to examine the time-varying interrelationships between these macroeconomic variables.
Accordingly, there is a complex connection between exchange rate, inflation, budget deficit and liquidity, which can be varied in different years. Therefore, in this research, using the TVP-TVAR technique, the time-varying connectedness across exchange rate, inflation, budget deficit and liquidity is examined during March, 2006 to August, 2023.
Methodology
In the current research, the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, government budget deficit and liquidity based on monthly data using the TVP-TVAR technique is investigated. It should be noted that all the required information is extracted from the economic indicators of the central bank, and the government's budget deficit data from 2017 onward are extracted from Iran's Program and Budget Organization.
Findings
The results show that exchange rate and liquidity are, respectively, the largest net transmitter of volatilities in the network. Moreover, inflation rate and government budget deficit, respectively, are the largest net receivers of shocks from network. On average, the TCI is 23%, and more than 70% of this interrelationship between variables is explained by other factors such as political ones. Moreover, if the variables underestimated grow up to 36% annually (3% monthly), the connection between them will be cut off. In the conditions of decreasing the growth rate of variables up to -3% per month, the exchange rate has played a dominant role and its volatilities are transferred more strongly to inflation rate and less strongly to the budget deficit and liquidity.
If the growth rate of the variables is up to 24% annually (threshold of +2% monthly growth rate), the exchange rate volatilities are transferred to inflation and no interconnectedness between other variables is observed.
Discussion and Conclusion
Our results show that, on average, the total connectedness index from 2012 to 2016 has been upward, which is caused by the tightening of sanctions and the increase in inflationary expectations, psychological factors and emotions. Moreover, the connectedness between them is increased in 2018 and 2019, which is related to the intensification of sanctions and the reduction of currency supply and the increase in inflation and budget deficit and subsequently the increase in the issuance of debt securities in the capital market in order to manage the budget deficit and as a result increase liquidity. The results show that exchange rate is a main net transmitter of volatilities in most years and the inflation rate is a main net receiver of volatilities in many years. From 2016 onwards, the budget deficit is the net receiver of shocks from network in most periods, except for one period in 2019. It is interesting to note that in 2019, with the increase in the budget deficit and the issuance of debt securities, the budget deficit is transmitter, liquidity is receiver and inflation is more receiver variable than liquidity in the network. Totally, the results show that exchange rate is the major net transmitter of shocks to other macro variables.
Moreover, based on the results of the sensitivity analysis and thresholds effect, if the growth rate of variables is up to 24% annually (threshold of +2% monthly growth rate), the exchange rate fluctuations will be transferred to inflation and no connection between other components is observed. This shows that the macroeconomic management of the economy is very sensitive to the growth rate of the thresholds of the macroeconomic components, and before the political economy and also the factors of expectations and emotions dominated the economy, the macroeconomic management, especially the exchange rate, is required. Otherwise, it is impossible to manage the investigated variables with monetary and fiscal policies. Therefore, the managed floating exchange rate should be taken into consideration and if the goal is to manage the network using macroeconomic theories, the variables should not be allowed to increase by more than 24% annual growth. Other factors such as the political economy, and especially inflationary expectations will get the dominant role in the economy
Volume 0, Issue 3 (No. 2- 2008)
Abstract
Abstract
TAZKERAT - AL - ULIA is the only work by Farrid - Al - Din Attar in prose form. It expresses
the biography, ideas and deeds of seventy two mystics and sofism. The reflection of historical,
political and literary events affairs and creation on the works of Attar in particular , and Farsi
literature of that time in general is quite interesting. In order to study the dramatic aspects of
Tazkerat –Al –Ulia it is necessary to read, analyse and evaluate them in a different set of literary
and artistic terms, that is to say dramatic and theatrical terms. The elements of theatre contain
elements of play, performance, dramatic devices and techniques. In order to reveal the theatrical
capacities and potentials of Tazkerat – Al - Ulia a selection of its narratives (three stories) 1 -
Fozail Ayyaz, 2 - Rabee Advieh, 3 – Hosein – Ebn - Mansour Hallaj is in the center of present
study and their theatrical and dramatic aspects of the prementioned stories have been analysed
and evaluated in theatre critical terms. The researcher hopes that her research findings has shed
light on the theatrical and dramatic potentials and values of Tazkerat –Al –Ulia and paves the
way for dramatization and stage adaptation of the stories of the work in question.
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Summer 2020)
Abstract
The quality of urban spaces and the presence of residents are some of the primary issues of current urbanism, as the dominance of vehicles has diminished the commuting opportunity for different social groups and the liveliness of urban spaces. This is especially true for urban spaces where once acted as children’s playground and now have turned into vehicle routes, pushing their former function to the sides. In the dense landscape of district 10, with its insufficient open urban spaces, this issue is even more pronounced, doubling the need for creating urban spaces accommodating children. Tactical urbanism is a general term describing such urban interventions regarding different qualities (e.g. the scale of the project, provisional measures for reusing the unused potentials of cities, providing privileges and support, unofficial actions within legal bounds, or attention to and revitalizing abandoned spaces) and has been further extended in specific academic fields such as traffic engineering
Volume 2, Issue 1 (Issue 1 (Tome 2)- 2012)
Abstract
Nowadays the urban growth pattern of cities is growing dramatically; and current suburbs of cities will form the inseparable components of the main city in the near future. In all cities of world vertical and horizontal urban growth have been one of the most important factors noticed by urban managers and planners. Urban growth is a spatial - structural process that refers to the increased importance of towns and cities as a concentration of population within a particular economy and society. Increase in urban points as quantitative issue shows itself in the forms of increase in population of cities and development in built up area scale. The unorganized physical growth of cities is due to their physical discrete and separate development which is mostly in form of forming individual and separate parts. Hence, analysis of the current physical status, and prediction of the future development of cities due to its influence on the politics and management of city and human resources, is of great importance. Regarding the numerous factors affecting the inharmonic physical urban growth, the present article has investigated the rate of urban horizontal growth from two aspects of area and direction.The research method in this article is analytical- comparative and with respect to the evolution of the physical- spatial pattern of Tabriz metropolitan in the 1956-2006 period. Shannon’s Entropy model is utilized for evaluation of the rate of the urban horizontal growth diversity. In order to use this model first we draw the complete and detailed plan of Tabriz city in concentric buffers with width of one kilometer between years 1956-2006 using Auto Cad software and the physical gravity center of Tabriz city which is the same center of cultural- historical part has been considered as basis for buffering modulation, and Sectoral- Geographical model is used for specification of urban growth directions. . In the next phase center of city gravity has drawn in the form of circle with determined diameter and the center of this circle was considered as basis for modulation of geographical sectors and sectoral buffering in 12 geographic directions. The attained results of analyzing the research findings has shown that the sprawl growth and diversity of inharmonic development has occurred in Tabriz metropolitan. The maximum of this rate has happened on the year 1996 and directions of horizontal urban growth are completely coincided on the margins of main connection corridors of city.
Volume 2, Issue 1 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Electronic wastes are known as the most important solid wastes in 21th century. They are producing two or three time faster than other solid waste streams. Many researchers studied bioleaching of e-wastes using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The presence of alkaline metals cause e-wastes show an alkalinity nature. By adding e-wastes to the environment the pH of solution increases sensibly. Many researchers supposed the optimal pH range of A. ferrooxidans which is 1.5-2.5 as the optimal pH range to reach maximum recovery. So in the bioleaching process by daily pH adjusting in the range and using sensible amount of sulfuric acid, control the pH of solution about 2. In this research two same experiments, just the pH of one of them was adjusted daily, were done. In both experiments the environmental situation including pulp density of 15 g/l, inoculum 10% (v/v), the temperature of 30ºC, and shaking rate of 130 rpm was the same. For 25 days Cu recovery, bacterial count, pH, and Eh were examined. The results showed the maximum Cu recovery at the sample without pH adjusting was about 100% but at the sample with pH adjusting recovery was reduced to 90%. The bacterial count diagram showed the bacterium is well active in both experiments. To maximize recovery, reducing acid consumption, and increasing process economy there is no need to adjust the pH of solution.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (6-2014)
Abstract
Soil erosion is an abstruse phenomenon which contains segregation and transmission of soil particles and runoff from rainfall and infiltration. Runoff and sediment generation was compared using rainfall simulator in grassland (St. parviflora-Br. tomentellus) and shrubland (As. parrowianus-As. gossipinus). For this purpose, vegetation map was supplied for two vegetation types four main aspects and two slope classes (12%-20% and 20%-40%) and corresponding work units were accordingly determined Three points were selected in each unit and rainfall simulator set inside them through a randomized pattern. The intensity of rainfall simulation was 1.6 mm min-1 with 10 minute duration and then runoff and sediment were measured. One soil sample (depth of 0–40 cm) was collected and assessed for pH, OM, EC, P, K, Ca, Mg and texture in the laboratory at the vicinity of the study area. The results of Duncan test and multiple regressions showed that grassland had more runoff and sediment than shrubland, but initial time of runoff in grassland was less than shrubland. Also aspects, slopes and soil characteristics (EC, Ca, Clay, P) had significant effects on runoff, sediment and initial time and they had linear correlation with runoff and sediment.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (Special for Virtual Conference of Health Education & Promotion - 2014)
Abstract
Aim: Nowadays, the Internet is considered as an appropriate means of transferring knowledge in education and research processes. However, overusing the Internet may cause addiction. This problem may increase as the Internet usage increases. This paper attempted to study the Internet addiction among the students of Yazd universities. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted among 238 students of Yazd University Medical Sciences and 245 students of Yazd Payam-e-Noor University. The data were collected using the Internet Addiction Questionnaire introduced by Young. To analyze data, several statistical operations were conducted, including mean, percentage, Chi-square, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Chi-two, and linear regression. Findings: Among the addicted students, 51% were from Payam-e-Noor University and 49% were from the University of Medical Sciences. Descriptive statistics also revealed that 51% of the addicted students were female and 67% of them were unmarried. Getting news and using e-mail services were mostly reported the Internet usages. Conclusion: Comparing with the previous studies, the Internet addiction has increased among the students of Yazd universities. This problem needs more concise investigation, and educational and counseling planning to reduce the Internet abuse.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (Summer 2018)
Abstract
Fiber production in nanoscale prepares high surface contact for fibers and leads to the improvement of their properties with respect to other fibers. A convenient and effective method for nanofiber production with different diameters is electrospinning. Various effective parameters on electrospinning processes, including environmental, equipment, and solution variables can produce fibers with different morphologies. PVA has been used in various fields of applied research because of its high thermal stability, biocompatibility, non-toxic and solubility in water. The published reports indicated that properties of the PVA are improved with the addition of bentonite. In this research, to prepare PVA/nano-bentonite nanofiber membrane, the optimum amounts of three effective variables on the above-mentioned processes were determined. According to the obtained results, the voltage of 11 kV, the feeding rate of 0.5 mL/h and bentonite concentration of 3% w/w were optimum conditions for the process of PVA/nano-bentonite nanofiber composite production. In this condition, the average diameter of produced nanofibers was 243 nm with the standard deviation of 0.0551 and the tensile strength of 7.64 MPa. The results showed that the addition of bentonite to PVA increase intensity of nanofibers and decrease the diameter of nanofibers from 308 nm to 243nm.Therfore, the produced PVA/bentonite nanofiber composite is a good membrane for water treatment.
Volume 2, Issue 3 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background: Leptospirosis has been recognized as an important reemerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. A major challenge of this disease is the application of a basic research to improve diagnostic method. Outer membrane proteins of Leptospira are potential candidates that could be useful in diagnosis. Among them the lipL41 is an immunogenic protein which is present only in pathogenic serovars. In order to evaluate genetic conservation of the lipL41 gene, we cloned and sequenced this gene from Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola.
Materials and Methods: Following the DNA extraction from the serovar, the lipL41 gene was amplified and cloned into pTZ57R/T vector and transformed into the competent E. coli (Top10). Recombinant clones were confirmed by colony PCR and DNA sequencing. The related sequences were then analyzed and compared with the sequences in the Genbank database.
Results: PCR amplification of the lipL41 gene resulted in a 1065 bp PCR product. The PCR based on the lipL41 gene detected all the pathogenic reference serovars of the tested Leptospira spp. It was revealed that in Iran the homology of the lipL41 gene between vaccinal and clinical serovars of Canicola was 100%. It also showed >95.9% homology with other pathogenic serovars in Genbank database, which indicates genetic conservation of this gene.
Conclusion: Because of the conservation of lipL41 gene among different strains of Leptospira and its exclusive presence in leptospira, it was revealed that the cloned gene could be further used as a good candidate for developing diagnostic methods such as ELISA and as positive control in diagnostic PCR.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2013)
Abstract
The cypress family, Cupressaceae, has a global dispersion. Currently, endophytic microorganisms from plants are being investigated for their diversity and bioactivities. Here, we aimed at exploration and characterization of cultivable endophytic fungi from foliar tissues of Cupressaceae, i.e. Cupressus arizonica, C. sempervirens var. cereiformis, C. sempervirens var. fastigiata, Juniperus excelsa, Juniperus sp. and Thuja orientalis. Asymptomatic fresh foliar tissues, collected from mature healthy plants, were sterilized and the inner layers were plated on culture media at 26-28 °C for 2-12 weeks, until fungal colonies emerged and were purified. Endophytic Penicillia i.e. Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum, P. commune, P. echinulatum, P. expansum and P. viridicatum were the dominant fungi recovered. Results indicated that both host plant and geographical location of sampling affected the biodiversity and bioactivity of endophytic Penicillia. Results also indicated that those endophytic Penicillia had significant bioactivities. According to our results, both intra-and extra-cellular secondary metabolites from all isolated Penicillia had significant cytotoxic and antifungal effects against the model fungus Pyricularia oryzae and cypress fungal phytopathogens Diplodia seriata, Phaeobotryon cupressi and Spencermartinsia viticola. Further studies indicated the significant antimicrobial bioactivities of superior Penicillia against model bacteria. Altogether, this study highlights, for the first time, the biodiversity of endophytic Penicillia from Cupressaceae plants and documents their significance for agrochemical/drug discovery and for plant disease biocontrol.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2016)
Abstract
Braconidae (Hymenoptera) communities at high altitudes in alfalfa fields of Kerman province (Iran) were analyzed. The communities were sampled by sweep netting in 2014 and 2015. Samples were taken from three altitudinal transects: 1900–2300 m, 2400–2700 m and 2800–3100 m. A total of 1773 braconid specimens belonging to seven subfamilies were collected. Alpha, beta and gamma diversities were analyzed. The samples from 1900–2300 m and from2400–2700 m showed similar diversity, but from 2800-3100 m had the highest number of specimens and differed considerably in diversity.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (12-2003)
Abstract
In this paper, behavior of teleoperation systems with modeling error and delay time error in Smith predictor is discussed. In teleoperation systems, modeling error is inevitable. This paper discusses stability of teleoperation systems with modeling error. First, error of delay time in teleoperation systems by using of Internet as communication channel is considered and the performance of Smith predictor in teleoperation systems with delay time error is discussed. Next, a new structure for teleoperation system is proposed. An adaptive filter is integrated into the new structure for determination of delay time in communication channel. The new structure augments wave variables and Smith predictor to provide an effective method for teleoperation systems. Along with the adaptive filter, this new structure is shown to overcome instability due to the variability of the delay times. Simulations results show significant improvements in the system performance.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
The early morphological development and allometric growth pattern of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) during early development (from 0-35 days post hatch=dph) was studied. Morphological data were obtained using ImageJ software from 2D pictures and allometric growth patterns were computed based on Log10 y = Log10 α + βLog x function. Based on inflexion point of morphological traits and body shape changes, the early developmental of kutum were divided into Eleuthero-embryo, Propterygio-larval, Pterygio-larval” and younger juvenile phases, each of which included vital developmental events. Rapid and intense changes occurred during Eleuthero-embryo and Propterygio-larvae stages such as development of gills, depletion of yolk-sac and exogenous feeding, development of feeding apparatus, sense organs and organs related to swimming performance. The results also revealed that developmental changes occurred in agreement with the inflexion points of morphological characters and their developmental priority imply on functional importance of feeding, respiration and swimming related structures.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (11-2012)
Abstract
RNAs play a fundamental role in many biological and medical processes and the activity of RNA is directly dependent to itsstructure. Designing RNA structures is a basic problem in biology that is important in the treatment and nanotechnology. In this regard, some algorithms have been formed to predict RNA secondary structure. In this paper, we present an algorithm to accurately predict RNA secondary structure based on minimum free energy and maximum number of adjacent base pairs. This algorithm stands on a heuristic approach, which employs a dot matrix representation of all possible base pairs in RNA. Afterward, stems are extracted from the dot matrix and decreasingly sorted based on their length. Then the stems with equal length are increasingly sorted according to the free energy. Finally, the stems are orderly selected to form RNA secondary structure. The proposed algorithm is performed on some datasets containing CopA, CopT, R1inv, R2inv, Tar, Tar*, DIS, IncRNA54, and RepZ in the bacteria. Experimental results showed high accuracy of 95.71% of the proposed algorithm. This algorithm is run in lower computational time in comparison to the other similar approaches.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2015)
Abstract
The pollution of aquatic ecosystems may affect natural reproduction of fish populations by decreasing the fertilization efficiency. Among the various sources of pollution, heavy metals are important group, being found in both freshwater and marine environment. The present study investigated changes of sperm characteristics of Caspimyzon wagneri when exposed to Manganese (Mn). Spermatozoids were exposed to 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg l‑1 of Mn, duration of sperm motility and percent of motile sperms were measured using a light microscope and digital camera as a semi-quantitative method. Total duration of spermatozoids motility decreased with increase of Mn concentration in all treatments. This study indicated that Mn could seriously affect the reproductive success of the Caspian lamprey in a polluted environment through decreasing the duration of spermatozoid motility and possibly fertilization and hatching rates. Hence, contact to this metal could decrease the survival rate of this endangered species, especially during the reproduction.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2017)
Abstract
The Evanioidea wasp fauna of Iran is reviewed. The study is based on literature as well as collecting research carried out during 2007-2015 in the East and West-Azarbaijan provinces. The total number of species recorded from Iran is 34 including: Aulacidae (Pristaulacus, 4 species), Evaniidae (Evania, 2 species and Brachygaster, one species) and Gasteruptiidae (Gasteruption, 27 species). Four new records from Iran are added: Brachygaster minutus (Olivier) (Evaniidae); Gasteruption goberti (Tournier), G. henseni van Achterberg and G. undulatum (AbeilledePerrin) (Gasteruptiidae).
Volume 3, Issue 3 (12-2014)
Abstract
The geometric morphometrics method was applied to study the morphological differences in 95 specimens of Kura barbel (Barbus lacerta, Heckel 1834) collected from three riverine ecosystems of the Sefidrud basin, viz. Taleghan, Totkabon and Kloraz Rivers. For this purpose, the left sides of the specimens were photographed. Then, 14 Landmark-points were defined and digitized on 2D pictures using Tpsdig2 software. The landmark data, after generalized Procrustes analyzing, were analyzed by PCA, CVA with p-value obtained from permutation test and cluster analysis. The results showed a significant differences between the populations in terms of body shape (P
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2017)
Abstract
The present paper provides information about the Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species captured in Kerman province (Iran). A total of 14 species belonging to eight genera were collected and identified, of which three species are reported for the first time from Iran: Dinotrema (Prosapha) speculum (Haliday, 1838), Idiasta (Idiasta) dichrocera Konigsmann, 1960 and Protodacnus atristis (Nees, 1834). Diagnostic characters of the newly recorded species is presented.
Volume 3, Issue 5 (Supplementary Issue - 2014)
Abstract
Asparaginase and amylase are widely used enzymes in various industries, which can be produced by endophytic fungi. In this study, the ability of producing these two enzymes in endophytic fungi isolated from six species of Thymus has been reported for the first time in the world. Among 89 isolates of the test, 34 isolates produced asparaginase among which M24 (Fusarium subglutinans) displayed the greatest enzyme activity. Thirty three isolates showed the ability to produce amylase while the greatest enzyme activity belonged to M53 (Curvularia akaii). This study can be regarded as a preliminary work and endophytic fungi of high activity are proposed as possible resources for control of cancer in humans and for industrial applications.
