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Aims: Burn infections are one of the most common causes of mortality in the world. On the other hand, microbial resistance to antibiotics has caused concern in the medical community. Therefore, controlling burn infections is very important, and using alternative therapies instead of antibiotics could be a good solution to this problem.
Materials & Methods: Lactobacillus plantarum 299v strains were used in the experiments. Fifty male Wistar rats were prepared, and burn was induced in animals. The burn wounds were inoculated with clinical strains of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa in all animals and then treated daily with an eucerin ointment containing different compositions, including NaCl, imipenem, probiotic cell pellet, probiotic supernatant, and probiotic cell pellet + probiotic supernatant. The wound healing process was evaluated in animals after 7 days of treatment. Comparisons between different groups were performed using One-way ANOVA and Turkey’s post hoc tests.
Findings: After 7 days of treatment, the mean wound size in the probiotic cell pellet group was significantly lower than in the control and imipenem groups. Also, the mean wound size in the probiotic supernatant group was significantly lower than in the imipenem group. Histological parameters related to skin repair in the probiotic cell pellet group was better than in the control and antibiotic groups. Also, inflammation in the probiotic cell pellet group was less than in the control and imipenem groups.
Conclusion: The macroscopic results of this study supported the microscopic results and showed that the mean size of the burn wounds in the probiotic cell pellet group was less than in the control and imipenem groups after 7 days of treatment.

 

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Purpose: Scorpions in the Middle Eastern countries are known as the most widely spread poisonous creatures that cause casualties and death to human being and domestic animals. These creatures are distributed and well established in subtropical regions. Among sixteen Iranian islands in the Persian Gulf, Kish Island is the focus of important internal and foreign industrial and commercial activities, attracting, thousands of tourists willing to visit its natural beauties and site seeing places every year. The present study was carried out during 1998-99 throughout Kish Island in order to learn about the species, abundance and foci of distribution of scorpions. This was done to establish a control strategy, reduce scorpion stings, and safeguard visitors, as well as, local population. Materials and methods: Collections were made using the night search using the direct smapling method with a UV light. Result: A total of 371 scorpions were captured. These were identified as Buthotus jayakari 365 specimens (%98.38) and Buthacus leptochelys with only 6 specimens (%1.68) belonging to the Buthidae family. B. jayakari was collected in most parts of the island and was considered to be the dominant species. The sex ratio was 1:1.53 in favor of females. Whereas B. leptochelys was a rare species having a restricted distribution. Discussion: Considering the high population of B. jayakari and its wide spread distribution, it can be regarded to be responsible for the majority of scorpion-stings in Kish Island.

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For this purpose, field study and data recording in two parts, and different environmental situation in one micro climate.
Material and method: crowded places were studied to 18 days from the first day of shahrivar to 18th of shahrivar; two categories were created: the first Baghe fin open spaces and the second historical textures open spaces. After finishing library studies, physical presence in the texture and conducting field study (observation, and data collection of site) simultaneously the responses of 788 of inhabitants and tourists to the questionnaires  (environmental and thermal situations), climate parameters (temperature, air flow speed, moisture, co, co₂) were recorded. Then the dress rate and the metabolism of people was computed with delta log10 software, and after collecting and analyzing the data with spss24 software, thermal comfort of respondents based on UTCI was determined by Ray Man software.
Findings: The finding shows that the respondents in the whole surrounding of the study experienced thermal comfort between 20,23 and 35,61 centigrade degree. Also thermal comfort scope in Baghe fin between 19,45 to 37,63 and in historical texture between 18,5 to 35,16 centigrade.
Conclusion:  The results of this study showed that the scope of thermal comfort in Baghe fin is higher the that of Kashan historical texture about 1,52 centigrade.

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Metal Injection Molding (MIM) is a novel manufacturing technology, used for complex geometric parts at a high production rate. One of the most important parameters in this method is the selection of proper feedstock consisting of optimal powder loading and an optimized binder system. The defects, which appear during the injection process, cannot be removed in later process stages and this is for the reason that the rheological behavior of the feedstock needs to be checked to make sure that it has the required injection properties. In this study, a multi-component wax-based binder system has been selected in order to inject Fe-2Ni powder. For this reason, a multi-component wax-based binder system with different percentages of constituents was used to produce 11 feed modes containing 60% vol. % of the powder. Further, the viscosity and its variation with the shear rate for 11 developed samples have been measured. The results showed that the feedstock consisting of 66 vol. % Paraffin wax, 19 vol. % Polypropylene, 10 vol. % Carnauba wax and 5 vol. % Stearic Acid has the lowest viscosity and lowest sensitivity to the shear rate and this leads to the complete filling of the mold cavity and production of a healthy component for very complex geometries. After achieving the proper binder system, the critical powder loading for the binder system was measured by 58 vol. % using torque rheometer.
 

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By selecting Northwest Iran as the early capital of Ilkhanid dynasty, Mongol rulers had governed this area for about one century which would have been the official route of administration and communication between Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, and Iran. The existence of three unknown rock-cut archetypes in Maraghe (new capital) and its surroundings are among the most controversial subjects for historians and archaeologists. Although the period between 1256 and 1335 is seen as a period of cultural interventions from Mongolia and Inner Mongolia into the Northwest Iran, the architectural influences during Mongol's dominion has been less considered by the scholars. In this way, recent archaeological developments related to this region are beginning to shed new lights on recognition the architectonic appearance and the application of these unique underground architectures in Northwest Iran. Considering comparative studies besides analytical expository of architectural evidences from Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China, this project is aimed at standardizing the identity of unknown rock-cut structures in Northwest Iran. According to the results, the combination of a corridor leading to one or more chambers is not entirely random in Northwest Iran but also shares an exact assimilation of those in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China.