Showing 75 results for Naseri
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2024)
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of reducing agricultural tariffs in different scenarios on food security and macroeconomic variables that using a computable general equilibrium model and data from Afghanistan's social accounting matrix. The effects of reducing tariffs were evaluated at 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, and 100% (full liberalization). The results of this study showed that imports and consumption of cereals, fruits, vegetables, and livestock are gradually increased for households. Additionally, the increased purchasing power of households led to an increased demand for food, which improved food security and ultimately the health of households and society. Therefore, support for special facilities in the field of eliminating tariffs on agricultural products is essential.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2012)
Abstract
Subterranean termites are one of the most important pests of buildings, historic monuments and agricultural crops in some parts of Iran. Using entomopathogenic fungi as microbial insecticides is usually a part of biological control and insect pest management. The pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (DEMI 001) isolated from Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) was compared against two subterranean termites, Amitermes vilis (Hagen) and Microcerotermes gabrielis (Weidner) under laboratory conditions. Suspensions of the fungus spores at five concentrations of 101, 102, 103, 104, 106 spores ml-1 were prepared to define LC50 and LT50. To determine LC50 and LT50 of M. anisopliae, bioassays were carried out on worker casts of both termite species. LC50 values for A. vilis and M. gabrielis were 8.5 × 103 and 0.2 × 102 spores ml-1, respectively. LT50 value for M. gabrielis was shorter than that of A. vilis at all five concentrations tested. According to the results of the bioassay, M. anisopliae was more effective for controlling M. gabrielis than that for A. vilis.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2012)
Abstract
The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), which is known as one of the most important economic pests, can cause severe damage to different crops in Iran and many countries of the world. The effect of five maize hybrids: SC260, SC500, SC700, SC704 and DC370 on lysozyme activity in the hemolymph of sixth instar of H. armigera using lytic zone assay and its association with some fitness parameters of this pest was studied in growth chamber (25 ± 1˚C, 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L : D) h). Our results indicated that except on SC260, the frequency of high immune-activated larvae on the other maize hybrids was lower than that of low immune-activated larvae. The mean lysozyme concentration in H. armigera larval hemolymph was the highest on SC260 (0.096 ± 0.01 mg/ml) and lowest on DC370 (0.060 ± 0.007 mg/ml). The longest pupal period was on SC500 (12.00 ± 0.49 days) and the shortest was on SC700 (10.37 ± 0.19 days). Daily and total fecundities of H. armigera were the highest on DC370 (61.68 ± 9.85 and 196.89 ± 49.30 eggs, respectively) and lowest on SC260 (20.60 ± 5.88 and 52.71 ± 18.80, respectively). The results of this study can provide fundamental information for management of H. armigera on maize hybrids.
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Fall & Winter 2014)
Abstract
Although the literal translations of the Qur'an seemed insufficient and unclear, and do not have enough adaption with Persian language, however in many cases these translations have strong points which make them better than modern translations. Some of the strong points of these translations are: accuracy in finding exact equivalents, consistency and cohesion with the text of the Qur'an, paying attention to the morphological and syntactic structures in the source language. On the other hand, Lack of eloquence, ignoring the deletions, literal translation of metaphors are some of the shortcomings of literal translations of Qur'an. In this regard, this paper is to study the advantages and disadvantages of following literal translations of Holy Quran: Dehlavi, Sharany, Mesbah-zadeh and Moezzi.
Volume 1, Issue 2 (6-2016)
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent one of the most common occupational health education problems in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an occupational ergonomic training educational programon awareness, attitude and work-related musculoskeletal disorders behavior among Office Workers.
Methods and Materials: Firstly,200 office workers from 12 health centerswere recruited. Withresponse rate of 90%, 180 eligible participants, were assigned to receive an 8-week participatory ergonomic occupational training educational program available in Shemiranat, Tehran, Iran. A self-controlled longitudinal study with pre/post design was used to evaluate the effects of the intervention among office workers in 2015-2016. Post-test was then administered to the participants to identify changes at 3 months after intervention.
Results: Totally, 200 participants with a mean age of 37.48 ± 8.78 years old completed this study. The 3-month follow-up rate was 90%. After the intervention, the awareness rate, attitude and MSDs work-related health behaviors were improved. The self-reported prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders for neck, shoulder, upper and lower back pain or discomfort were significantly lower than before intervention (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The MSDs work related behaviors as well as MSDs prevalence can be improved through the health education program. It is recommended that further research with larger sample and longer follow up be conducted to confirm the findings of this study.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (6-2013)
Abstract
The effect of various host plants including chickpea (varieties Arman, Hashem, Azad and Binivich), common bean (variety Khomein), white kidney bean (variety Dehghan), red kidney bean (variety Goli), cowpea (variety Mashhad), and tomato (variety Meshkin) on the reproductive performance and growth indices of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) was determined under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH and a 16:8 h light:dark photoperiod). The highest rate of gross fecundity, gross fertility, net fecundity, net fertility, mean daily eggs and mean daily fertile eggs were observed on chickpea Arman (2947.8 ± 7.8, 2933.0 ± 7.8, 2404.2 ± 7.1, 2392.2 ± 7.1, 170.9 ± 0.4, and 170.1 ± 0.4 eggs female-1, respectively), whereas the lowest values of these parameters were on tomato Meshkin (847.5 ± 9.2, 673.8 ± 7.3, 225.5 ± 2.6, 179.3 ± 2.1, 67.9 ± 0.7 and 54.3 ± 0.5 eggs female-1, respectively). The development index of overall immature stages varied from 1.10 to 1.57, with the minimum on tomato Meshkin and the maximum on chickpea Arman. Also, the fitness and standardized insect-growth indices were highest (0.349 ± 0.009 and 0.058 ± 0.001 gr day-1) and lowest (0.052 ± 0.001 and 0.013 ± 0.000 gr day-1) on chickpea Arman and tomato Meshkin, respectively. The Weibull model sufficiently described the shape of the survivorship curve of adult H. armigera from life-table data. A significant fit was obtained with the Weibull model for H. armigera in all experimental host plants. The results of reproductive performance, growth indices and the cluster analysis showed that tomato Meshkin was partially resistant to H. armigera.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (Fall & Winter 2016)
Abstract
Every language and dialect uses certain styles for emphasizing, and fixing meanings in the minds and thoughts of the audience. Among these languages, and indeed the best of them is the language of the Qur'an, which has in many ways an emphasis for strengthening the concepts in the minds of its audience. Given the importance of this element in the Quran, this study has attempted to review the emphasis particles in three Quran translations methods: Literally translation, loyal translation, and commentary translation.
In this article, the authors firstly describe the emphatic particles in Quran, and then study and review (إنّInna, أنّAnna, نون التؤکید noon of emphasis)
among the contemporary Persian translations of the Quran. The study findings indicate that the literal translations of Quran surpass other types of translation in conveying the preciseand original meaning of emphasis to the target language.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (winter 2021)
Abstract
Aims: Mosques are one of the essential elements of Iranian and Islamic cities that interact with the urban environment. The entrance is the first space in the mosque that the audience encounters. According to the spiritual concepts, this space provides the audience with the necessary preparation to enter the hierarchy. Light hierarchy is one of the hierarchical factors that effectively understand space and evoke emotions. Light is a supernatural element that can change a person's feelings in space. Therefore, the present study quantitatively compares and contrasts lighting components in the entrance space of four-aisled mosques.
Methods: In the theoretical section, the research variables have been explained by studying scientific sources. Then, by simulating mosques, the light indicators at the entrance of mosques in the Climate Studio plugin are analyzed.
Findings: Considering the results of simulation data analysis, the relationship between the entrance and the inner courtyard of the mosque, entrance decorations, materials, and lattice opening are factors determining the light hierarchy in mosque entrance spaces.
Conclusion: The two parts of separation from the urban space and connection to the courtyard space have the highest light intensity and the changes in light intensity along the route are according to the location of the mosque and the characteristics of the human eye.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2014)
Abstract
Willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora is an important pest of willow trees that feeds on the leaves both as larvae and as adults. -Amylases (EC 3.2.1.1) are the major insect digestive enzymes that catalyze the endohydrolysis of long -1,4-glucan chains such as starch and glycogen. In the current study, -amylase activity was studied in the midgut of larvae and adults of P. versicolora. Amylase activity in the midgut of larvae and adults was 0.6807 and 0.1162 µmol/min/mg protein, respectively. The optimal pH for -amylase activity of larvae and adults was 4 and 8, respectively and the optimal temperature for both was 35 °C. The enzyme activity of larvae was inhibited by the addition of Na2+, K+ and Zn2+. K+ (at 5 mmol) had the most positive effect on α-amylase activity in adults. EGTA had significant influence on decreasing the enzyme activity in larvae. EDTA had the most effect on increasing the activity of the enzyme in adults. Plant amylase inhibitors play important role against insect pests. Therefore, the characterization of digestive enzymes and the examination of inhibitors on the enzyme activity could be useful in tackling insect pests.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2014)
Abstract
The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is a serious pest on a wide range of economic crops in many parts of the world. In this study, digestive proteolytic and amylolytic activities of H. armigera larvae (3rd to 5th instars) were evaluated on five main host plants including chickpea (cv Hashem), cowpea (cv Mashhad), soybean (cv 033), navybean (cv Dehghan), and corn (cv SC 704) at 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 65 ± 5% and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (L: D) hours. The results indicated that the highest enzyme activity was in 5th instar. The highest general protease activity of 3rd, 4th and 5thinstar larvae was found on corn. The larvae fed on corn had the lowest trypsin activity. This leads to hyperproduction of chymotrypsin and elastase-like enzymes to compensate the inhibition of trypsin. The larvae of H. armigera reared on cowpea had the highest level of amylase activity, and the lowest activity was in the larvae fed on corn. The results revealed that among host plants tested, corn was more resistant (unsuitable) to H. armigera. Study on digestive proteolytic and amylolytic activities of H. armigera can be used in identifying the antidigestive or antifeedent compounds, which will help us to design appropriate management programs.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
The eggs and larvae of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), are widely used in mass rearing of parasitoids and predators. Feeding indices and some biological parameters of P. interpunctella were studied on bran of different wheat cultivars ('Back-cross Roshan', 'Khooshe Pishgam', 'Khoshki line 9', 'Arg', 'Alvand', 'Pishtaz', 'WS-89-2', 'Sepahan' and 'Bam') when incorporated into artificial diets under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 ºC, 65 ± 5% R.H., and a 16:8 h light-dark photoperiod). The efficiency of conversion of ingested food was highest on 'Back-cross Roshan' (98.79 ± 8.48%) and lowest on 'Pishtaz' (64.56 ± 9.66%). The highest and lowest percentage of mortality of P. interpunctella larvae were on 'Pishtaz' (56%) and 'Back cross Roshan' (12%). Our results showed that larval growth index was highest on 'Khoshki line 9' (5.81) and lowest on 'Pishtaz' (3.33). Moreover, the highest daily and total fecundity were detected in moths that were reared on 'Back-cross Roshan' (37.6 ± 0.93 and 177.3 ± 1.61 eggs, respectively). The results demonstrated that, among different wheat cultivars tested, 'Back-cross Roshan' was the most suitable cultivar for P. interpunctella rearing in order to optimize the mass production of natural enemies.
Volume 3, Issue 6 (Fall & Winter 2017)
Abstract
Holy Quran has been translated into Persian several times and on the other hand, a lot of criticism and review have been done concerning the Persian translations of the Quran. Meanwhile, the Tenth-Century Translation of Quran has not been studied so far, in spite of its attractions and strengths. So in this regard, the authors of this paper seek to introduce and explain this unknown translation based on the descriptive - analytic method to assess the success of the translation in conveying the divine message to Persian language. The results show that this translation is not often faithful to the grammatical structures of the Holy Quran. The most important strengths of the Tenth-Century Translation are as follows: exact Persian equivalents, precise meanings of Quranic words, considering the deep structures of Holy Verses in translation, paying attention to the morphological and literal and rhetorical characteristics of the Holy Quran.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
Nutritional indices of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) larvae, an economic insect pest of agricultural crops in the world, were studied on five corn hybrids (SC700, SC704, SC500, DC370 and SC260) when incorporated into artificial diets under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 65 ± 5% and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h. The highest values of consumption index (CI) and relative growth rate (RGR) for the fourth instars were on SC500 (37.21 ± 3.34 and 0.43 ± 0.07 mg/mg/day, respectively) and lowest values of these indices were on SC704 (21.44 ± 2.83 and 0.18 ± 0.04, respectively). Among the five corn hybrids tested, efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) of fifth instars was the highest on SC260 (6.92 ± 0.5%) and the highest value of efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) was on SC704 (10.71 ± 3%) while the larvae fed on SC700 had the lowest values of ECI and ECD (3.57 ± 0.3 and 4.39 ± 0.4%, respectively). For the sixth instar larvae, although the lowest CI and approximate digestibility (AD) values were observed on SC260 (3.49 ± 0.17 and 53.89 ± 3.70%, respectively) the highest value of ECI and ECD was on SC260 (9.11 ± 0.6 and 16.54 ± 1.5%, respectively). For all instars (fourth to sixth instars), ECD value of H. armigera was the highest on SC260 (10.15 ± 1.08%) and lowest on SC700 (6.32 ± 0.47%). The result of this study pointed out higher nutritional performance of the larvae H. armigera reared on SC704 and SC260 and lower performance on SC700 and SC500.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Nutritional indices of the willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora Laicharting, third instar larvae and adults were studied on four host plants including Salix alba L., Salix aegyptica L., Populus caspica Bornm.and Populus alba L.at 22 ± 2 ºC, 70 ± 10% R.H., and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L: D). The results showed that the highest consumed food by the larvae and adults (148.5 ± 18.0 and 175.21 ± 4.51 mg dry weight, respectively) was on P. caspica. The larvae fed on S. alba and S. aegyptica had the highest efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) (2.3 ± 0.33 and 2.23 ± 0.67%, respectively) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) (2.5 ± 0.35 and 2.41 ± 0.72%, respectively). Approximate digestibility (AD) of larvae was the highest on P. caspica and P. alba (98.51 ± 0.25 and 98.14 ± 0.1%, respectively). The lowest relative consumption rate (RCR) of the larvae and adults was on S. alba (0.14 ± 0.001 and 0.13 ± 0.006 mg/mg/day, respectively). ECI and ECD values of the adults fed on various host plants were not significantly different. Adults fed on P. caspica had the highest values of RCR (0.59 ± 0.01 mg/mg/day), relative growth rate (RGR) (0.02 ± 0.008 mg/mg/day) and AD (98.72 ± 0.24%). These results demonstrated the higher feeding performance of the willow leaf beetle on P. caspica and its poorer performance on P. alba.
Volume 5, Issue 2 (6-2016)
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are commonly used as biological agents for control of insect pests. This study was carried out to identify EPNs, determine dominant and frequent species in Kurdistan province, Iran and characterize their symbiotic bacteria. Identification of EPNs was performed based on morphological and morphometrical characters and also rRNA-ITS gene sequences. Two EPNs, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) were identified. Out of totally 150 soil samples collected mainly from mid-southern parts of the province, 60% were positive for EPNs. Heterorhabditis bacteriphora showed the highest frequency in this region, remarkably 59.3% of soil samples contained this species. Incidences of H. bacteriphora in grasslands, woodlands and alfalfa fields were 57.3, 14.6 and 28.0 percent, respectively. Steinernema feltiae was found only in alfalfa fields with 0.66% frequency. Bacterial symbionts of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae were also identified based on biochemical characters and recA gene sequencing. In this research, two species of Photorhabdus were isolated from H. bacteriophora namely P. luminescens subsp. kayaii and P. temperata subsp. thracensis. Xenorhabdus bovienii was identified from infective juveniles of S. feltiae.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (6-2017)
Abstract
Pieris brassicae L. is one of the most important pests of Brassicaceae. The insecticidal effect of two entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae, was determined through their interaction with Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) against P. brassicae. In the interaction tests, the EPNs were applied at LC50 level 0, 12 or 24h after treating the larvae with LC10 or LC25 of the B. bassiana or Btk. The interaction between the EPNs and B. bassiana was entirely different from the interaction of the EPNs and Btk. The interaction with B. bassiana was dependant on time intervals, while the interaction of the EPNs with Btk was almost additive or synergistic. An antagonistic effect was seen when the EPNs were applied immediately after the B. bassiana. However, the application of the EPNs 24h after their treatment with B. bassiana caused additive or synergistic effects. The results also showed the best mortality effect when the EPNs were used with Btk at 12 h and 24 h time intervals. Based on the results, a simultaneous use of the EPNs and B. bassiana is not recommended against P. brassica. However, the EPNs could be used simultaneously after Btk but it is better to allow a time interval to increase mortality.
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Winter 2018)
Abstract
Aims: With regard to increasing the consumption of seafood in fresh form, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating color and tissue of Rainbow Trout fillet by chitosan edible coating incorporated with marjoram essential oil during refrigerated storage.
Materials & Methods: This experimental study was conducted as factorial experiment with completely randomized design. Three fillets without coating were treated with 2% chitosan solution and 2% chitosan solution+0.5% of the essential oil and were examined three times for each treatment. The color and tissue properties were evaluated after 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software, using two-way ANOVA, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test.
Findings: There was no significant difference in the composition of moisture, ash, protein, and total fat between 0 and 21 days at refrigeration temperature. The amount of cold bacteria increased during the storage time and was significantly different in different treatments (p<0.05). The initial number of bacteria showed no significant difference on day 0 between control fillet and treated fillet (p>0.05), but with time, this difference became significant (p>0.05). Fillets treated with chitosan and essential oil resulted in better elastic state and, consequently, better fillet quality compared to the control. The use of 2% chitosan preserved these indices in the fillet without any significant change compared to the control (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Coating Rainbow Trout fillet with marjoram essential oil increases its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and significantly improves the quality of the color and tissue of the fillets of this fish during refrigerated storage.
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Aims: In recent years, marine fish farming has been one of the most important aquaculture activities in tropical regions, and their cultivation has grown considerably in most parts of the world. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the effects of different water temperatures on growth performance, biochemical body composition, and hematological indices of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer).
Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, 3 temperature treatments, including 20, 27, and 33°C with 3 replications for 6 weeks were run on 8 sea bass fish, which were randomly transported to 500 liter tanks and fish feeding was done, using commercial concentrate food. At the end of the experiment, the growth performance, hematological indices, and biochemical body composition of the fish were measured. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software, using one-way ANOVA and Duncan tests.
Findings: The final weight of the fish reared in 27°C was significantly higher than the other 2 treatments. Specific growth rate, weight gain, feed intake, and protein efficiency ratio of 27 and 33°C were significantly higher than 20°C group. Hematological parameters did not show significant differences. Among the hematological biochemical compositions, glucose and cholesterol were significantly affected by temperature. The activity of liver enzymes in the reared fish plasma and the biochemical body composition of the fish (fat, protein, ash, and moisture) were not significantly different.
Conclusion: The temperatures of 27 and 33°C are suitable for Asian sea bass farming in sea water. Hematological indices and chemical body composition of the fish are not affected by different temperatures.
Volume 7, Issue 3 (Summer 2019)
Abstract
Aims: 2005 DashteBarm forests of Fars province image is used to investigate and evaluate the capability of Quickbird satellite imagery to differentiate tree canopies regions from no-tree areas.
Materials and Methods First, the validity geometric correction of satellite image was assured. By systematic random sampling, 79 square footages of (20*20) in ARCGIS 9.3 software was designed and on the footages’ places of the combined image from Quickbird panchromatic band and multispectral band, the samples of no tree canopies and tree canopies areas was obtained. Then, 20% of the footages were considered as test samples and the rest was studied as training samples. In the next step, processes on a multivariate image were performed by ENVI 4.3 software and some indexes such as NDVI, GNDVI, RVI Partial Component Analysis (PCA) were created and integrated and were combined. Then, two classifications on the original image and processed bands with two methods of maximum likelihood and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were categorized, in which the images were classified into two classes of trees and non-trees.
Findings: Evaluation of the classified images using the test samples showed that the accuracy and Kappa coefficient in the classified images of the original bands were 94.478% and 0.789 for the maximum likelihood method and 94.848% and 0.877 for the support vector machine, respectively. Also, the results of the processed band's classifications by maximum likelihood and support vector machine methods showed that these images have 94.274 and 94.683% accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 0.875 and 0.882, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that the Quickbird satellite image is suitable for separating tree canopies and no tree canopies areas in Zagros forests and similar areas.
Volume 7, Issue 4 (Fall 2018)
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the influence of dietary manganese sulfate nanoparticles on the growth performance, hematology, and blood biochemistry of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 240 rainbow trout with an average initial weight of 0.8±0.1gr distributed into four treatments with three replicates and were fed with four diets including a control diet (without manganese), Mn-M (containing 10mg/kg manganese sulfate), Mn-N10 (containing 10mg/kg nano manganese), Mn-N15 (containing 15mg/kg nano manganese) for 6 weeks. The fish were hand-fed to satiation four times daily. At the end of the experiment, the average final weight of fish fed diets containing nano Manganese were significantly higher compared to control treatment (p<0.05), however, there was no significant difference compared to the group fed with manganese sulfate (p>0.05). Condition factor (CF) in juveniles fed diets containing Mn sulfate nanoparticles did not show a significant difference compared to those fed with manganese sulfate (Mn-M; p>0.05). The levels of hemoglobin (Hb) in fish fed Mn-N10 diet was significantly higher than fish fed with the control diet. Fish fed diets Mn-N10 and Mn-N15 showed higher plasma albumin compared to the control and Mn-M diets. In general, the results of this study showed that dietary supplementation of manganese sulfate nanoparticles compared to manganese sulfate had no significant impact on growth performance, hematological and biochemical composition of rainbow trout.
