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The relationship between words and their concepts is investigated in the "Semantics". "Statistical Semantics" is a sub-branch of "Computational Semantics" and in fact, a sub-branch of NLP. Determining the keywords and main concepts of a text requires time and specialized knowledge about the text, in the traditional ways. “Lexical Chains” is one of the newest branches of statistical semantics that presents the main concepts of the text based on the semantic relationships between words. In this research, we aim to determine the lexical chains of the sermons No. 111 and 221 of Nahj al-Balaghah, based on the theory of "Barzilay" and "Elhadad", using the descriptive-analytical and statistical method. The results indicate that there is 78 lexical chains in the sermon No. 111, and the semantic relationship of antonymy (50%) is more used in it, and the sermon No. 221 has 87 lexical chains, which the semantic relationship of antonymy (38%), and synonymy (34%) are more used in it. In the sermon No. 111, the chain No. 53, which its words indicate leaving this world and choosing the Hereafter, and in the sermon No. 221, chains No. 31, 62, and 8, whose words, respectively, indicate silence after the ability to speak, the importance of using wisdom, fear of the Judgment Day, are the strongest chains. Also, the results show that the topic of the sermon No. 221 is "ethical, religious, scientific, intellectual", but the main concepts of the sermon No. 111 are matched by the "ethical" topic mentioned by "Dashti".
 

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There are some mystical works which are the written form of Sufis’ teachings, lectures, and popular tales. In other words, these works are nothing but the transference of speech to the field of writing. Thus, some aspects of both forms, that is, speech and writing, can be found in them. Taxonomy of Sufis’ texts according to their formative contexts (speech and writing) shapes a continuum between these two contexts. What we call goftārnevesht (written-speech) in this article, is a coinage for the synthesis of these two contexts which itself consists of subgenres such as amālī, maqāmāt, majālis, maqālāt and sīyar. These subgenres are different from each other due to their location on the continuum. This article attempts to describe the differences between goftārnevesht and other written genres which are mostly represented in phonological, morphological, syntactic, and discursive features of the texts.

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The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. Both psyllid nymphs and adults directly damage pistachio; they extract large quantities of sap from tree and produce honeydew and cause deformation of leaves resulting in great economic damage. Little is known about the intraspecific variation of common pistachio psyllid in regions with stressed conditions, such as areas under high levels of pesticide application. Therefore, this study using geometric morphometrics was designed to 1) evaluate morphological differences in wing shape in populations under different levels of pesticide application in Kerman province as the main pistachio producer in the world, and 2) search for a link between the morphological data and previously studied molecular data. The populations were collected from regions with high and low pesticide applications. The results showed that wing shape (P< 0.01) and size (P< 0.01) are different between populations exposed to different chemical control programs. Based on the results, narrower wing shape was found in psyllid population in stressed environment (population with extreme chemical control programs). In spite of allometric growth, significant shape differences still remain when the data are adjusted to constant size, which showed the important role of genetic changes in the observed morphological changes. Moreover, links between morphologic and previously studied molecular data were revealed. Based on the results, it appears that an evolutionary resistance process is developing, therefore insecticide resistance management programs, in the regions under investigation, is recommended.

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Background: Urinary tract infections are considered as a major health concern. Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections. The presence of qnr plasmid genes in bacteria is the main cause of resistance to quinolones. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern and prevalence of qnrB gene in E. coli strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, samples were taken from patients with urinary tract infections, referred to Kermanshah hospitals during the spring of 2017. E. coli strains were identified by biochemical tests. Then antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for the isolates by the disc diffusion method. Following that, qnrB resistance gene was detected by PCR; finally, data were analyzed by SPSS software Ver. 23.
Findings: In this study, 105 E. coli strains were isolated from urine specimens. The strains resistance rate to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin antibiotics was 62.85, 38.09, and 33.33%, respectively. PCR results showed that 67 strains (63.8%) had qnrB gene, and 38 strains (36.19%) lacked this gene. Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the presence of qnrB gene and nalidixic resistance.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that the frequency of qnrB gene among the E. coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections is fairly high in Kermanshah. Therefore, it is necessary to do further investigates using molecular techniques and to take serious preventive measures.

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This paper examines English loan words adaptation in Persian within the framework of Silverman (1992)́s phonological-perceptual approach. This article explores whether vowel epenthesis as a repair strategy in loan word adaptation is phonological or a perceptual illusion and based on what kind of loan word adaptation approaches, English loanword adaptation in Persian can be examined. In an answer to the first question, two experiments were conducted with twelve participants who had very little knowledge of English language. The results indicated that vowel epenthesis in consonant clusters of English loanwords is a perceptual illusion and happens at the perceptual level. In an answer to the second question, the results indicated that loan words adaptation is better to be examined based on phonological-perceptual approaches in that Silverman (1992)́s two level model of loanword adaptation can be an appropriate choice.
 
 

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Aims: Monitoring of the fish biomass is one of the basic principal of fisheries management, but ornamental and reef fish stocks, because of difficulty of estimating their abundance, have been less studied than others. The aim of this study was to estimate the standing biomass of ornamental and reef fishes in Larak Island, in the Strait of Hormuz.
Materials &Methods: Standing biomass of the fish species was assessed seasonally using Underwater Visual Census Method (UVCm) in coral reefs and  mesophotic coral reefs in Larak Island throughout 2018 and 2019. Two popular methods in UVCm (belt transect and stationary point) were used based on topography of sea bottom. The confidence interval of estimated standing biomass is calculated using bootstrapping method.
Findings: The standing biomass of ornamental and reef fishes is estimated as 2522.18, 5222.17 and 1325.15(Kg.) in Site 1, Site 2 and Site 3, that are located in 3-15meters depth. The standing biomass at Site 4, was estimated as 884.13kg. The minimum were observed in summer, also the result showed  that the standing biomass in summer was significantly lower than other seasons (P <0.05). In addition, the temporal diagnostic test showed that population structure of fish in the spring, autumn, and winter seasons was similar but significantly different from the population structure in summer.
Conclusion: The less of standing biomass in summer season can be affected  by seasonal migrations of fish in tropical and subtropical waters to deeper waters, in order to trade of the stresses caused by temperature fluctuations.
 

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In this study, the Iranian specimens of the cixiid tribe Cixiini (genera Cixius Latreille and Tachycixius, Wagner) housed in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM) were examined. The examined specimens were collected and deposited in HMIM since 1970 including our recent studies and collecting trips since 2007. Cixius remotus Edwards, 1888 is a new record for the fauna of Iran. An Identification key to the genera and species, and distribution maps for the species in the tribe Cixiini present in Iran are provided and zoogeographic implications are discussed.

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Semantics is one of the branches of cognitive linguistics, whose main goal is to create a connection between words and abstract and mental concepts through the modeling of human physical actions. In this regard, one of the important methods is the use of image schemas, which were first proposed and explained by Mark Johnson. The visual schema plays a significant role in the audience's understanding of the influence of human interactive relationships with abstract concepts. The Holy Quran is a book in which many abstract concepts such as the unseen, death, soul, types of punishments, types of rewards, etc. are used; Applying the visual schema theory to these verses plays an effective role in inducing the message of the verse to the audience. The upcoming research is written in descriptive-analytical method. The purpose of this research is to show the prominent role of image schemas as one of the semantic tools in abstract concepts in the Quran and concrete for these concepts for the audience. In this regard, the verses referring to reward and eagle have been chosen as examples of abstract concepts in the analytical study, focusing on visual schemas of movement, volume and power schemas, and it is expected that the result will be that volumetric schemas are used in reward. And the eagle has a higher frequency than other schemes.

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Generally, planning theories are divided in two sections: first, they study process of planning (procedural planning), second, they study product of planning (substantive planning). This article is studying procedural planning in metro project of TEHRAN metropolis. Namely, steps of decision- making and planning, and their effects have been studied in this project. In this regard, the role of good governance which is included of participation, responsibility, citizenship, transparency, efficiency, rule of law and etc. is studied along with studying the role of people and interaction of government, people and public sector in planning process in this project. The manner of good governance that has been brought up in 1980s is a process that the government, people and public sectors interact with each other. Nowadays this manner is the only way in deliverance of poverty and undeveloped condition in international associations and local management oblige to execute it, because it is the most effective and the most sustainability management way that is following regional development and then national development. Thus, first generalities has been presented in the field of metro short history (time and cause of metro bring up, designers and partners in planning and execution of this project), then an interview has been carried out with metro incumbents and residents of one of metro stations (Imam-E- Khomeini station of Tehran), in basis of people participation proportion in this project and consideration proportion of good governance principles from metro incumbents. Then these information have been analyzed using descriptive- analytical way and Spss software. Finally these information has been added up and some suggestions have been presented. Results of this research show that planning is carried out in top- down planning and not bottom- up planning, because people didn’t have any specific role in this project planning and execution (bureaucratic and top- down planning), and in this article, principles of good governance have not considered. Undoubtly, this condition is cause of undesirable effects. If metro incumbents aren’t attention for citizenship rights, people won't responsible for this project. And this condition will obstacle regional development and national development finally.

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This essay tries to show a frequent macrostructure in mystical Maqâmâts that makes people`s religious beliefs. Not only does it gives enough evidences for the structure but also interprets its ideological functions. The macrostructure consists of some chronological events. It starts with a holy parentage for great Sufis and it is continued by prophecies predict a child will be a great Sufi in the future. It carries on with unbearable asceticisms. All of the events prepare the ground for small miracles. The chain ends with a fantastic death and a contrast to other discourses. The last events, in reality, work as a result of small miracles power. The main function of the structure appears to make a limitation to access to small miracles. It leds to articulations that generate a new discourse: discourse of Sufis who have small miracles. The new discourse encounters mystical discourse to social and political discourses.

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Aims: The objective of this study was to compare growth parameters and phenol content of different safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cultivars and one wild species of safflower (Carthamus oxyacantha) under urea fertilizer and vermicompost treatments, to distinguish can we use vermicompost instead of urea fertilizer.
Methods: The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions. A factorial randomized complete block design with seven replications was used. Experimental treatments were three vermicompost rate; three levels of nitrogen fertilizer; and three types of safflower.
Findings: The number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass weights significantly increased with vermicompost application. Urea fertilizer only increased the plant height. The interaction between plant cultivars and vermicompost was significant for phenol content. All growth parameters of safflower except dry biomass weight were significantly different between cultivars. Conclusion: Wild safflower responded more than other cultivars to treatments so it can be used in plant breeding programs. Vermicompost treatment act better than urea fertilizer for growing of safflower, so it can be used instead of chemical fertilizer.
 

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Medical centers consume large amounts of electricity, water, food and building materials to provide high quality care. Among the medical centers, hospitals consume more energy and water than many industries and produce more waste. Medical centers should look for programs to reduce energy consumption, reduce environmental impact, and manage waste disposal and medical waste. Green innovation makes this possible for these centers. Green Innovation is a set of changes in production products and processes aimed at managing waste, environmentally friendly productivity, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, environmentally friendly design, and reducing environmental impact.In order to create a green innovation culture in the organization, in the first step, it is necessary to identify and prioritize the barriers to innovation in order to eliminate them.In this study, by examining the research literature and consulting experts, 15 sub-obstacles were identified in the form of 4 main management barriers, green suppliers, human and financial resources for medical centers.Then, using BWM method, their livelihood and ranking were considered according to 12 experts, and the results showed that managerial barriers and especially lack of management commitment are the most important obstacles for green innovation in medical centers. Therefore, first of all, this concept and its advantages and disadvantages should be explained to the managers, and then other obstacles should be removed.

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Estimation of coral fishes biomass is needed as a basic benchmark for assessing the ecological status and fishing potential of coral reefs. Different methods are used to sampling the biomass of these communities, that direct observation is one of the preferred methods with respect to the non-destructive advantage. The purpose of investigation was to estimation standing biomass of coral fishes by Underwater Visual Census method (UVCm) in Abu-Musa Island seasonally from October 2019 to September 2020. also confidence interval was calculated of these estimations from the bootstrapping test (95%). Standing biomass of Coral fish and their confidence interval (95%) by bootstrapping simulation (n=479) were determinated 2923.6 kg., 4576.2 kg, and 1645.4 kg for the stations one, two and three respectively. The difference in the biomass standing of coral fish in three station could be related to the lack of differences in the amount of developed reefs, coral communities and significant differences in habitat availability.  Also, the standing biomass of coral fishes in the Abu-Musa Island are limited, that can be attributed to their low habitat, shortage of carrying capacity and the short life of the Persian Gulf basin, and stress that occurs in the ecosystem, especially bleaching events, that need more study in the future.

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 Manâqibs of Sufis (Hagiography) contain abundant stories that have been allocated to express wonder’s Sufis. The task of the article is an archeological approach to indicate regimes of truth in Manâqibs of Sufis, Shiite of Mânaqibs, the Prophet’s hagiography, the New Testament and the Old Testament. Then it reveals the rule of miracle of God is the hidden idea on the miracle of the saints. Miracles appears as a real continuance for the Prophet’s successors as a priority of the Prophet and his religious to other prophets and their religious. It also appears as a sign to confirm for prophethood. Having an affirmation of God and the claim of doing wonders puts Sufism in relations of power. It associates Sufism onto secular sides of social life being well-known to deny. 

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Yellow rust of wheat caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important wheat diseases that threaten its production. Host resistance is the most economical and healthiest method of yellow rust management. In this study, slow rusting resistance parameters including infection coefficient, disease severity as well as reaction type were recorded for 48 rain-fed wheat genotypes along with sensitive control in 6 rain-fed environments. The field experiment was done for two consecutive years in three distinct geographical regions including Ardebil, Zarghan, and Mashhad. The additional screening test was established in greenhouse conditions. Results showed genetic variability among studied germplasms in resistance against yellow rust. In this research, G1, G04, G05, G06, G20, G21, G32, G33, G39, and G45 out of the studied genotypes had resistant and stable reactions across years and locations. Ward clustering algorithm produced three heterotic groups which can be utilized in yellow rust breeding programs through parental selection for the construction of a yellow rust mapping population. Differential genotypes testing resulted in “6E142A +, Yr27”, “38E158A +, YR27” and “134E150A +, YR27” isolates which belonged to Ardebil, Mashhad as well as Zarghan regions respectively. The resistance reaction in the seedling stage varied from that found in the field state which indicated the existence of adult plant resistance genes in their genome.

 

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The use of Artificial reefs(A.Rs) are one of the methods used to rehabilitation of fish stocks. This involves studying the grain size composition of bed sediments and  Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), which are crucial components in terms of their location. For this purpose, three stations with three repetitions were selected in the eastern and western of Jask City Bay and the study was conducted in the summer and winter seasons of 2023.In the study of total suspended solids, the minimum value with the mean and standard deviation was 25.9±0.46(mg/lit)at the fourth station in the Eastern basin during winter 2023. The maximum value with the mean and deviation was 36.39±0.62( mg/lit )at the third station in the western basin during summer 2023. The analysis of sediment grain size in the stations revealed that the lowest and highest amounts of sand and silt were found in the western basin at 76.4% (third station, summer 2023) and 88.5% (second station, winter2023) respectively. Firstly, the strength of the substrate (grain size) is the most essential factor in establishing structures, which contributes to ecological and biological success. Considering the optimal range of this component stations, suggested as the suitable areas for installation of A.Rs, one area(Western of  Jask City Bay) and two area(Eastern of  Jask City Bay), respectively. 

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Aims: Geometry and ornaments are one of the most important elements of mosque architecture. Mosque is also the most prominent portion in Muslim construction. Considering the physical and semantic dimensions of mosques, geometry and ornaments, in addition to the function of geometrical structuring and adorning the space, it cause the appearance of divine names and attributes in the mosque. The necessity and importance of this research originates from the fact that importance of meaning and virtue is not less than its construction and we should not be limited only to the external aspects of the mosque. Taking advantage of appropriate geometry and ornaments, the most important purpose of research is to improve the architectural design of the mosque naves. Materials and methods:  Contemporary landmark mosques, considered as immanent legacies, were selected as the case study and correlation, Delphi and case research methods and questionnaires, interviews, surveys, and statistical analysis software were used. Initially, through interviews and questionnaires from elites, then through questionnaires from experts and in three valuable contemporary mosques, the users of the mosque were surveyed and the data were analyzed through statistical software. Findings: the appropriate utilization of geometry and ornaments, in addition to improving the architectural design, manifests the spiritual meaning and virtu in the mosque naves.. Conclusion: The purposeful use of geometry and ornamental decorations in mosques, with proper expression and the use of advanced materials and technologies, lead to the way to the improvement of the spirituality of mosques;

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One of the most important issues in industry, particular casting industry is to determine the internal structure of objects such as identifying the interfacial boundary configurations between material, identification of impurities or mechanical properties of the material. The objective of the present inverse problem is to identified simultaneously two regular interfacial boundary configurations and mechanical properties of the components of a multiple (three) connected domains using a discrete number of displacement measurements obtained from an uniaxial tension test. A unique combination of a global optimization method i.e. the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and local optimization methods i.e. Simplex Method (SM) along with the inverse application of the Boundary Elements Method (BEM) are employed in an inverse software package. A fitness function, which is the summation of squared differences between the measured displacements and computed at identical locations on the exterior boundary, is minimized. The obtained results (run-time and error-rate), clearly demonstrate the efficiency of this present algorithm (the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and Simplex Method) to optimize the objective function and the estimation simultaneously two regular interfacial boundary configurations and mechanical properties.

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Numerous studies in the last decade that have investigated the stylistic features of literary works in morphological layer do not help much in advancing stylistic studies and historical behavior of Persian language.
In the present study, which evaluates the literature of stylistics in morphological layer, twenty-seven research papers and dissertations written in the Iranian departments of Persian language and literature of academia have been reviewed and critiqued.

Numerous studies in the last decade that have investigated the stylistic features of literary works in morphological layer do not help much in advancing stylistic studies and historical behavior of Persian language. In the present study, which evaluates the literature of stylistics in morphological layer, twenty-seven research papers and dissertations written in the departments of Persian language and literature in Iran have been reviewed and critiqued. The findings indicate that these studies suffer several shortcomings, including: misunderstanding the basic morphological concepts, defining overlapping morphological categories, misreading texts and misidentifying the grammatical role of words, neglecting the diachronic behavior of Persian language, confusing research strategies and introducing unnecessary and redundant models and some other common mistakes. These problems are serious hurdles in the way of stylistic studies in morphological layer and also understanding Persian language changes. Finally, some suggestions have been made to address the aforementioned problems.

Introduction:

Studies on literary stylistics would seemingly lead to weak theoretical and applied literary research if linguistic theories and tools were not considered. Although in recent years, some researchers have paid attention to this important issue and inspected stylistic studies, they haven't considered linguistic theories. Literary stylistics as an interdisciplinary field studies literary styles with the help of linguistic tools. It is argued that the goal of literary stylistics is to find linguistic data for critical judgment of literary texts (Wales, 2006: 213). Studying the stylistic research related to morphological layer, the authors tended to investigate the attitude of researchers toward morphology.
Materials and Methods:
Investigating 18 research articles, 7 MA dissertations and 2 PhD theses in the field of Persian literature, this paper studies and evaluates the studies in field of stylistics and morphology, employing Spencer and Zwicky (2001) and Shaghaghi (2010). Morphology studies the internal structure of words and its rules and relations. The goal of the studies in the field of morphology is to identify words from non-words, morphemes and their types, types of words and word-formation processes. Also, inflection and derivation are considered as two distinct areas in morphology.  
Results: 
This paper found that although these studies open a way toward stylistic study of morphology, they suffer some shortcomings, such as:
A) Misunderstanding the basic morphological concepts: It is obvious that stylistic researchers who focus on morphology and lexical layer should use the terminologies and specialized words of this field, so that avoid using unrelated terminologies. Any violation of this principle will lead to the confusion and misunderstanding of the readers, and finally not transferring the knowledge. Investigating the corpus of the present study, the authors find that there exists chaos in the use of terminologies and specialized words in the field of morphology. The most prominent misunderstanding of linguistic concepts was related to two key concepts of derivation and compounding. Stylistic researchers utilize "derivational compounding" and "derivational compound" to indicate the processes of derivation and compounding, and this shows the inattention and carelessness of these researchers in the use of standard terminology in the field of morphology. 
B) Defining overlapping morphological categories: Investigating the corpus clearly shows that the authors didn't consider homogeneity principle in analyzing the Persian word-formation system. For instance, "affixed and semi-affixed compounds" is, in fact, the same as "derivation" in Persian which is formed by affixation. Furthermore, the concepts of "infinitive compounds", "adjective compounds", nominal compounds" and "truncated compounds of agentive and accusative adjectives" are overlapping and obviously shows the misunderstanding of researchers in identifying and differentiating the fields of morphology, syntax and semantics and also indicates their carelessness in methodology and in defining the categorization of concepts in a scientific and systematic way. 
C) Misreading texts and misidentifying the grammatical role of words: some research, although few, didn't correctly identify the grammatical role of words, for example Abedi and Ali Jola (2015).
D) Neglecting the diachronic behavior of Persian language: One instance of neglecting the historical changes of language is incorrect usage of words like "archaic" and "obsolete".
E) Confusing research strategies and introducing unnecessary and redundant models.
F) Neglecting the application of coinage and neologism: In one of the studies (Golizadeh and Gorooyi, 2012), some words were regarded as coinage which were used long before that date.
G) Neglecting foundations and principles of corpus linguistics: Neglecting foundations and principles of corpus linguistics is one of the important shortcomings of the investigated studies. Most of these studies were done to investigate linguistic innovations and word-formation skills in Persian literary works.
Conclusion:
The negligence of researchers in choosing the corpus, linguistic norms and its frequency hurdles in the way of stylistic studies. In addition, the analysis showed that the researchers didn't consider linguistic knowledge. Stylistic linguistics uses linguistic theories in description and interpretation of literary texts, so the stylists in the field of literature should know linguistics and apply it in research. In order to satisfy this goal, there are some suggestions in stylistic studies in the field of morphology: a) choosing one linguistic element or concept in research, b) determining a definite goal for stylistic research, c) using linguistic theories for understanding the basic concepts of research and designing a purposeful structure for the research, d) studying the existing linguistic corpus.  
References:
Abedi, M., & Ali Jola, E. (2015). Tarkibsazi va Hamayi Vazhegani dar Shaer-e Enghelab-e Eslami va Paydari. Adabiyat-e Paydari, 13, 205-226. [in Persian]
Golizadeh, P., & Gorooyi, R. (2012). Tahlil-e Sabkshenasi-e Tarikh-e Beyhaghi bar Mabna-ye Tarkibat-e Eshteghghi. ­ Sabkshenasi Nazm va Nasr-e Farsi (Bahar-e Adab), 5(6), 275-292. [in Persian]
Shaghaghi, V. (2010). Mabani-y-e Sarf. Tehran: Samt. [in Persian]
Spencer, A., & Zwicky, A. M. (Eds.). (2001). The Handbook of Morphology. Oxford: Blackwell.
Wales, Katie. (2014). A Dictionary of Stylistics. 3rd Edition. Routledge.