---

. This paper deals with the activities of some of the Muslim scholars, who has lived in newly formed Turkistan in the early years of the Twentieth Century. In this new geopolitics, under Russian troop’s domain, there were some active scholar, social and cultural groups that tried to preserve Islamic norms and values. They are known as Jadidi, Ziaee and Knowledge Phil. In order to answer the question about the type of their confrontation with Russian policies to change the Muslim’s mode of life, the authors show the overall change in their attitudes and behaviors. They used similar means like the imperialists; Meanwhile they criticized the Muslim societies too. In this paper the authors reveal transformation of some Jadidi leaders from confrontation to convergence. They note the causes of this change in the strong influence of the Russian culture and accepting Muslim weakness beside the impacts of the internal developments in Russia.  

---

Though the sixty-year duration of the domination of the Afsharid and the Zand dynasties is of great importance for the Iranian Armenian politicization it has mainly been ignored. Focusing on daily developments to understanding the switch in political trends of this people from Iran toward Russia which was subjected to enormous ups and downs wouldn’t be helpful so much. Any survey here should obligate itself to take simultaneously into account features of the institution of policy of the society and the characteristics of its concomitant world time. Accordingly, the present study would elucidate impacts of a rising early capitalism and a flourishing system of absolutist states on the transmutation of the Iranian Armenian politicization.

---

The disappearance of bipolar system following the disintegration of the Soviet :union:, has also changed many strategic concepts. Central Asia, as a part of the Soviet empire, has become an arena for regional and global challenges after these transformations. The region, already faced with various political, economic, social and cultural problems, soon became a location for the activities of Islamic fundamentalists, which in turn intensified regional crisis. Different socio-political problems made the ground for these activities. The basic question of this paper is: What is the role of NATO enlargement and its effects on security provision in Central Asia? This paper tries to answer that, “what role can NATO play in Central Asia in order to provide security in this region specially after September 11th and the following events”. Based on current security issues in Central Asia, America has seriously emphasized on socio-economic reforms under the” Greater Middle East” framework. Central Asian leaders are obliged to control political, social and economic crisis to prevent terrorist acts and reduce public dissatisfaction. Political transformations following the Soviet :union: collapse have clearly revealed that the roots of threat and instability in Central Asia are essentially internal. Sooner or later, leaders of these states have to resolve these threats, based on a clear understanding of regional sociopolitical realities.