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Innovation network is one considerable approach for innovation development in countries. This approach is applicable in high-tech development. Identifying noticeable aspects in innovation development can help planning and policy making for industries. Important factors of innovation network development in information technology sector obtained reviewing the literature. The research goal is to assess current situation of these factors and their indicators and compare them with each other. Therefore, after gaining experts opinion, a survey has been conducted in seven states of Iran about information technology corporations. The dimensions consist of corporation enablers, embeddedness, adjutant environment, self-organization, learning, interaction quality, innovation and network effectiveness. Obtained results of these dimensions have been analyzed. Based on the results, current situation of each dimension has been determined which can be used in poly-making processes.  Results highlighted that there is significant differences between the situations of these dimensions.    

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In developing countries, innovation is less than expectation, so these countries require to consider a different development paradigm such as learning economy that focus on active learning and the “doing, using and interacting” innovation approach for introducing the required context for creating and diffusing informal interaction that may result to technical knowledge acquisition. In this paper, the effective factors on Iran’s transition to learning economy have been identified. Research approach is inductive and qualitative and themes and components have been identifies based on grounded theory. By considering the importance and role of organization in relation with determined themes and components, organizational implications for Iran’s transition to learning economy include learning organization, organizational unlearning, policy learning and organizational capacity, and absorptive capacity and organizational capability have been investigated.    
 

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Understanding sources of sustained competitive advantage for organization has become a major area of research in the field of strategic management. By reviewing its literature, sources of competitive advantage fall into three categories including environmental resources and capacity models, resource-based view, and network view. The environmental model emphasises on environmental factors such as attractiveness and structure of industries and five forces in gaining competitive advantage. But resource-based view emphasises on organizational resources, competencies and capabilities in gaining competitive advantage. In contrast network view emphasises on interorganizational relations and dynamic networks for gaining competitive advantage. Having verified that the need to integrate new and old theories seems to be greater than their apparent irreconcilability, thus this research tries to provide a jeneric framework by integrating three different views and present a contributional framework congruence for global competition. By using data gathering for auto industry and appling path analysis, research assumptions and conceptual model was tested.

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At the time of entering to the new millennium, changes are occuring with great speed. Today is different from yesterday and tomorow will be different from today. Successful companies, therefore, will be forced to pay more attention to three definite points: extention of globalization, amazing progress of technology, and beginning of world disorder in economy and trade. Recently, marketing models have been used in order to organize the complicated issues in rivalry environment so as to enable us to think through a simple method and to take more effective decisions. This article tries to conceptualize and test a model of marketing for Persian carpet export as one of the most important export items of the country. A conceptual model of research has been designed and offered based on relevant the principles and theories and through using the views and ideas of the experts and managers of the art and industry of Persian carpet. On this basis, a questionnaire was designed to evaluate the viewpoints of four statistical groups including governmental organizations, producers, exporters, traders and retailers of the Persian carpet. The research findings show a meaningful difference in the relationship and the effects of the model ingredients. The finding of this study provide a basis for policy and decision makers in export marketing especially for carpet industry.

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With the beginning of the third millennium and the passage of about 300 years since the Industrial Revolution, the scope of operation and competition in the business enterprises has increased to a global level. Automotive industry of Iran with more than 40 years of domestic operation and allocating 2.5%of GNP, 20% value added in Industrial Sector and 2.5% of total investment in the country has not yet achieved an outstanding position in the world markets. So to prevent unfavorable (but possible) challenges in the future, it seems necessary to assess the international competition potential of this industry according to a contingent strategic model. Reviewing the current international trade theories and internationalization models of firms indicates that most of these theories and models are developed based on fundamental assumptions governing the open market in developed countries. In addition, most of these models have evolved by the post studies on the large scale multinational corporations after their internationalization process. The most important point is that each of these theories and models studied the internationalization process from a specific level of analysis (firm, industry, country, international environment). So none of these models individually and completely can be generalized to address a suitable solution for those firms operating in developing countries and struggling to enter the international markets. The main purpose of this paper is proposing a contingent international market entry model for firms operating in developing countries (like Automotive Industry of Iran) through integrating the different points of view. The model contains four levels of analysis (firm, local industry structure, national competitive policies, and firms’ international relationship with global ones). It integrates and examines the role and effects of four interdependent variables (firm characteristics, local industry structure, national policies and firms’ international relationships) shaping the strategic capabilities and competencies, which are necessary for entering the international market (as the outcome /dependent variable). The model was examined in the Iranian Automotive Industry. It indicates how the international market entry competency of a firm in developing countries is affected by it’s core competencies, synergy of local industry structure, synergy of national competitive advantage, and collaborative advantage and complimentary effect originated from international relationship between the firm and the global market.

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In the world today, information technology and information systems (IT/IS) are no longer as work tools or as production resources, but they are considered as new environment and work space. This new environment or work space has provided an area for great developments including a change in the method of organizing and presenting new organizational forms such as knowledge worker’s organization, network organization, virtual organization, and so on. Regarding the effects of IT/IS on organizational structures and its dimensions, many investigations have been carried out during the last 3 decades but the findings from these studies are contradictory. On the other hand, considering the changes in the vast variety of IT/IS and changes in the applications and capabilities of IT/IS, the generalization of the last research findings has decreased in this regard. Hence, while determining the last research results, the present article has attempted to design and determine a comprehensive model for integration of the literature, regarding this issue in the theoretical field according to the new cases of IT/IS such as different information systems, internet, intranet, extranet, video conference, e-mail and so on, and to identify two adjusting variables of effects on organization structure by IT/IS. For this purpose, in order to acquire more understanding of IT/IS effects on organization structure as well as to recognize the effect of two adjusting variables on the top management leadership style and its attitude towards IT/IS on organizational structure in spare parts building industries of Iran’s Automobile, three questionnaires have been used. These questionnaires were distributed as an existing status evaluation questionnaire of information technology and information systems (IT/IS) in companies, a questionnaire relating to organization structure of companies and a questionnaire for determination of top management leadership style in an organization among the successful companies of Iran’s automobile part-building industries. In each company, three people from the managerial levels (the managing director, administrative and human resources manager and IT manager) answered the questions. Data collected from the companies were analyzed by using the SPSS /11.5 software, and hypotheses based on research model were tested and, at the end, a comprehensive organizational design commensurate with information technology and information system (IT/IS) was presented.

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In B2C models of e-commerce, customer trust is considered as one of the key factors of successfulness, and many scholars believe that the success factor in e-commerce is establishment and implementation of a safe and reliable purchasing process for the customers. The aim of this research was to study the effective factors on customer trust in e-commerce. To do so, the research hypotheses were developed to examine individual, company and infrastructural variables. Statistical population of this research was the customers, who had the experience of e - purchasing from the e-stores of “Iranian virtual community”. As the results of data analysis showed, the cooperative and infrastructural variables had positive influence on customer trust but individual variables had no positive influence on customer trust.

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In order to optimize the utilization of the advantages of packaging in the food industry, it is necessary to identify the most effective components and criteria in the packaging of food products field and to prioritize these products based on the opinions of consumers, so that the results can be considered in the planning and marketing activities of organizations. Regarding such importance, the aim is that this research evaluates the impact of those identified attitudes which shape an attitude on Packaging on customer Satisfaction and Involvement. Based on data collection, the present study is considered as descriptive. Before collecting the data through questionnaire, and so as to check the validity and reliability of the study, a pre-test was taken. Moreover, to assess the validity of the study, the diagnostic validity (DV) using an average variance extracted (AVE) was first calculated and the composite reliability (CR) was then applied to determine the reliability. Therefore, first the researchers reviewed the research literature, then, statistical sample of the population who were the customers of Shadlee in Tehran, were selected and the research hypotheses were tested using structural equations and regressions. Research findings show the significant impact of such Dimensions as “color”, “Attraction”, “Shape”, “Information on the Package”, “Size”, “Type of material” and  “Health issues”, on “attitude toward Packaging” and the significant impact of “attitude toward Packaging” on “Customer Satisfaction” and “Involvement”.

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  ,       Today, organizations have come to seek current customers and also maintain a permanent relationship with them in addition to developing strategies to attract new customers and trading with them. In other words, they have found that losing a customer is more than losing a sell and it means losing the whole sell opportunities that a customer could make in his lifetime. Since losing a customer in the trade market is equal to lose an important part of the organization asset, developing close and deep relation with the customers creates great value for the organizations. Organizations should reinforce their relations with their customers actively and try to end their relations with non-profitable customers. In this study, “customer profitability for organization” is considered as a new concept. The purpose of this research is to design customer profitability model for organizations and consider the factors affecting on customer profitability in Iranian companies. For this purpose, after reviewing the theoretical foundations in this field, we will identify the factors affecting on customer profitability for organizations, and provide the appropriate conceptual model to measure and confirm these relations. Then we will collect data through questionnaires, analysis and ultimately ntroduce customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (repurchase intention, and recommendation) as two factors that affect on customer profitanility, using the research results.    * Corresponding Author’s E-mail: khodadad@modares.ac.ir .

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Football is an industry that Branding and its foundation, brand identity, it has extremely important in. so that researchers have proposed specific brand models in countries with football. In this research, using descriptive analytic methods and with the purpose of application, data was collected in two qualitative and quantitative phases. The statistical population consists of 10 professionals and experts in related to research and Spectators of six teams in the Premier League that would be present in the stadium. Sample size was 300 cases in Phase I and 720 in Phase II. which using simple random sampling method and equally, the fans selected. Accordingly, researchers found need of new theoretical insights based on brand identity(Koo(2009), Schilhaneck(2008), Zucchermaglio(2011), Silveira(2011)&Richelieu(2010), and considering the brand identity models, in few countries with football brand (Germany, Spain, France and S.Korea), and with the use of experts and fans perspectives, the brand identity model of teams in the league in season 92/91 offer and Finally using CFA and SEM model provided a new perspective on the dimensions of the country football brand identity, that are on the basis of factor loading as following: Success(./97), Delivery(/.92), Native Region(/.89), Star Player(/.88), Logo, Fans, History, Traditional Rival(./87), Tradition(./85), Team performance (./82), Stadium(./72) and Non -Player personnel (./51).

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This paper seeks to describe an integrated management systems approach for the integration of corporate sustainability into other marketing models in I.R. Iran's Automotive industry. At the first step, an extensive review of the published literature was conducted and an original framework for structuring the integration of corporate sustainability with other marketing models was determined. Then the framework was developed by experts with qualitative methodologies such as deep interview and open questionnaire. Finally, the research conceptual model was revised and completed by focus groups. The results showed that Internal Marketing, Integrated Cultural Marketing, Social Marketing, Innovated Marketing, Lean Marketing, Strategic Marketing, Green Marketing, Ethical Marketing and Humanity Marketing are effective in realization of sustainable marketing in I.R. Iran's Automotive industry. Finally, after discussion, some research and practical suggestions are presented.      

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The more a marketing paradigm evolves, the more long-term relationship with customers gains its importance. Nowadays, most of corporations and firms in the world, including manufacturers and servicers, increasingly gain their incomes and profits through constructing and maintaining long-term relationships with the customers. The move towards a customer-centered approach to marketing, coupled with the increasingavailability of customer transaction data, has led to an interest in understanding and estimatingcustomer lifetime value (CLV). Furthermore, as marketing endeavors to be more accountable, the need of tools and models for measuring and evaluating efforts and investments that accomplish in marketing extent, is felt. The purpose of this research is CLV analysis for customer segmentation and profitability management. This dissertation we proposes a model for CLV measurement in banking industry. Our case study is one of the branches of Iranian Melli Bank. For this purpose, we selected savings (loan) accounts for 4 years, (from 2005 to 2008), in order to run our model. The study sample included 10,000 customers picked up among the accounts. After calculating the CLV of customers, we segmented the customers based on the calculated CLV. For customer segmentation, we used Clustering technique. This conceptual model is a new approach in customer segmentation context. More Customer Profitability Management based on segmented customer sections will be explained. Based on the models explained in this dissertation programs and methods will be proposed for each of introduced segments. 

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Attitude to the organizations has changed over the time. A time, the organizations have been considerd as closed systems that had no interaction to their environment. When the system perspective was introduced, attiude to the organization changed, too. At the same time, organizations have been considered as open systems that interact to their environment. While, the organizations acted in an industry and todays, considering to increasingly changes that have been arised in the business environment, the industries boundries have been disappeared greatly. According to James Moore (1993), todays, organizations act in the ecosystem that different business from diverse industries interact each other and their survival increasingly dependent on each other. These concepts were be described well in the business ecosystem approach. Business ecosystem approach has been emerged in the result of environmental changes in the recent decades. The necessary of this approach apployment is making the changes in the mindsets that look at business world with a new attitude and the basic principles demonstrate the mindset changes. This paper is an overview/analytical paper and it's purpose is explaining the basic principles based on analyzing the world business changes in the recent decades. Recognizing the basic principles is one of the success necessaries at the present time.

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One of the most important concepts for all enterprises in every size and every sector is market performance. As the market success of the firm is a consequence of its market performance, it will be pertinent to state that performance is a direct determinant on the consequence. Today, dynamic capabilities have been identified as one of the vital necessities for the performance of organizations in turbulent environments. Given the critical role of market performance in turbulent competitive environments, this concept has attracted attention of many researchers of management science in recent years. So how to achieve this important consult for organizations is vital, and very little research has been done in this regard. Therefore, in this research, the model of improving market performance based on dynamic capabilities (IT competencies, entrepreneurial and market orientation and operational agility) is presented and tested in the electronics industry of Iran. This model is based on four management areas: strategic management literature related to dynamic capabilities, marketing literature, entrepreneurship, and information technology .The results confirm the research model. It can be concluded that the dynamic capabilities of the organization will help to improve market performance.

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Diagnosis mistakes in selecting a original brand with a counterfeit and imitation brand can affect consumer financial losses and affect consumer loyalty. However, This study aimed to investigate the role of copycat strategy on the perceived similarity with moderator consumer mindset and brand loyalty was performed. And the goal is to increase consumer awareness of original brand and imitation brand. The study population includes  buyers of Clear shampoo in pharmacies and Moghaneh Doogh(yogurt drink) in Parsaabad Moghan stores. Because of the Unlimited community is used Cochran, and the sample number is 384. For data analysis used  software SPSS 22 and Smart PLS. And using with Partial Least Squares, Relations of variables and model Been investigated. Results show that in hypotheses the observed correlation is significant. In the first main hypothesis, copycat  strategy have positive impact on perceived similarity. In the second main hypothesis, consumer mindset moderate Relation between copycat strategy and perceived similarity. In the third  main hypothesis, brand loyalty,moderate relation between copycat strategies and perceived similarity.
 

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In recent years, the construction of shopping Malls has been increasingly grown across the country. But only some of them have been successful to accommodate a large number of visitors while the other ones are constantly changing the commercial units’ use. Meanwhile the lack of demand for commercial units in form of multi-purpose complexes as well as recent general recession in country’s business has aroused this situation. Research conducted on shopping Malls are mostly focused on sale of place, marketing and financing as well as a few studies on the factors associated with success of these complexes. So it is necessary to discuss about the factors affecting the success of shopping Malls which is a very new subject. The main issue of this research is to provide a success model of shopping Malls considering the unique characteristics in Iran. The method used for this research is qualitative one (grounded theory) and its nature is applied-developmental. Data was collected through a deep interview with professors, experts in construction, handover and operation of shopping Malls and sale brokers for commercial real estate and sampling is done via snowball method. Data has been collected by clarifying the subject and when it reaches the saturation point, "open coding" is carried out. Then concepts are extracted and the factors are completed after focusing on the subject and finding links by “axial coding”. Finally, the specific dimensions and a conceptual model called “success model for shopping Malls” have been presented by “selective coding”.    

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This study aims to evaluate the effect of gender identity on loyalty emphasizing on personal identity, consumption patterns, and Purchase decision making styles. This study is considered an applied research, and according to the method of gathering data is considered to be descriptive-survey research. The data of this research was gathered from a sample of 492 participants who were users of home appliances in city of Tehran through simple cluster sampling method. Questionnaires were used as data gathering tool. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling via Lisrel software. The findings indicate that gender identity affects brand loyalty, personal identity, purchase decision making styles, and consumption patterns. Also, loyalty is affected by personal identity, purchase decision making styles, and consumption patterns. Finally, personal identity and consumption patterns affect purchase decision making styles.

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Abstract: In a year named as "Supporting Iranian Goods", more attention has to be paid to the tendency of preferring domestic products. The present study, for the recognition of different groups of consumers in terms of the preference for domestic products, has offered a new scale in order to identify not only one category, but different categories of consumers. In this mixed method research, firstly a new scale has been developed by academic experts’ selection among the items designed to identify three groups of ethnocentric, cosmopolitan, and xenocentric consumers and by experts’ reformation for new purpose. Then, the new scale has been tested in the context of Iran’s automotive industry. Based on a cluster analysis, 558 analyzable questionnaires were first grouped into two categories, namely, prone to foreign car preference and prone to domestic car preference. The weaknesses of such classification were minimized by classifying customers into five categories. Based on our finding, no cluster characterizing ethnocentric consumers was formed. A cluster identified as the fans of domestic but dissatisfied with the products of an industry, which in previous research and in the division of customers into two categories, was the source of the theory's contradiction with the market reality. Besides offering proposals tailored to each category in line with "supporting Iranian goods", constant pursuit of cluster changes in various industries is suggested.

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Shopping in the general sense is ambiguous, it is both work, leisure and entertainment and it is an activity that oscillates between private life and privacy with social dimensions and in the tension between rationality and lust and a pleasant social form with necessary and obligatory activity. The aim of this study is to systematically study the research literature in the field of comparative comparison of shopping motivation studies, identify research gaps and propose suggestions accordingly. To this end, it seeks to answer the question of what are the strengths and weaknesses of existing domestic and foreign scientific articles in the field of shopping motivations in terms of problematics, theory and methodology. The method of this research was a systematic literature review of Latin and Persian articles in the field of studies related to shopping motivations. Articles found in 2001-2020 for Latin articles. By examining the keywords in the databases of this field and based on pre-determined criteria, appropriate articles were selected and analyzed. During the study of the dimensions of the studied articles, it can be stated that lack of attention to problematics, lack of various methodologies, dominance of positivist approach and lack of attention to interpretive paradigms and critical realism, lack of clear theoretical foundations and lack of attention to basic theories and related to the concepts of hedonic and utilitarian shopping motives are very evident. At the end of the research, based on the results of a systematic literature review is presented a model of purchasing motivation.