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Aims: Infections by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are increasing problems in pediatrics and are usually associated with higher hospital costs and mortality rates. The aims of this study were the statistical investigation of the worldwide prevalence and risk factors of ESBL and CPE family members among pediatric population.
Instruments and Methods: From October 1, 1995 to July 27, 2017, some keywords including “ESBLs”, “carbapenemase”, “pediatrics”, “children”, and “risk factor” were searched in the searching databases such as Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science among original research articles. The univariate and multivariate analysis of the collected data was performed by Graph Pad Prism 6.1 software.
Findings: The mean percentage of ESBL production was 20.23±22.31 and the mean percentage of CPE was 1.81±2.77. E. coli (n=991) and K. pneumonia (n=627) were the predominant ESBL-producers. Nephrology (n=5005) and NICU (n=1805) were predominant hospital wards. ESBL-PE had significantly higher prevalence in the infants unit (OR=0.9832, 95% CI=12.271-19.519; p<0.001). Moreover, ICU ward was a significant and independent risk factor for CPE acquisition (OR=0.849, 95% CI=2.211-5.415; p=0.0035). ESBL-PE and CPE were significantly isolated from blood samples (OR=0.9276, 95% CI=1.508-2.433, p<0.0001) and fecal specimens (OR=0.968, 95% CI=2.829-5.133, p<0.0001), respectively.
Conclusion: Most of risk factors between ESBL-PE and CPE are similar including previous hospitalization and prolonged use of antibiotics, cephalosporins, and previous colonization. Other possible potential risk factors that should be considered include presence of catheters and travel history. Detection of risk factors provides useful information for formulation of infection control policy.

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Objectives: Despite the benefits of antibiotics, their residues in foodstuffs prepared for human consumption could be cancerous and mutagenic and cause allergic reactions with toxic side effects, disorders in intestinal wall, adverse effects on microbial intestinal flora, and the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the residual antibiotics in liver and muscle tissues of poultry samples using the four-plate test (FPT) method in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province.
Materials & Methods: A total of 6406 samples were randomly collected from liver and muscle tissues of 3203 poultry samples from June 2016 to March 2017. Antibiotic residues were detected in liver and muscle samples using the four-plate test (FPT) method.
Findings: During a two-year study period, from a total of 6406 samples collected, 3203 (50%) samples were collected from liver tissues, and 3203 (50) samples were collected from muscle tissues of poultry samples, respectively. Among the liver and muscle samples, 12 (384/3203) and 6.4% (206/3203) were positive for the presence of antibiotic residues, respectively. According to the seasonal distribution of muscle samples, the highest rate of antibiotic residues was detected in the autumn with 3 % (95/3203), while the lowest rate was observed in the winter with 0.25% (8/3203) for both bacteria under study (Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus). According to the seasonal distribution of liver samples, the highest rate of antibiotic residues was detected in the autumn with 5% (159/3203), while the lowest rate was observed in the spring with 1.1% (35/3203).
Conclusion: In conclusion, a large number of liver tissues collected from poultry samples were contaminated with antibiotic residues, especially at pH=6 and in the autumn season. Therefore, it is recommended to implement appropriate strategies for managing and controlling the use of antibacterial agents in the veterinary industry. Also, it is necessary to monitor the withdrawal time of antibiotics and screen the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in poultry products including liver, egg, and meat.

 

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This paper illustrates the application of S-transform and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) for fault location in combined overhead line and cable distribution networks. The high frequency transient signals originated by faults are analyzed using S-transform and CWT. The S-transform is found to be applicable in transient based fault location in distribution networks. This technique is an expansion of wavelet transform method and is based on a moving and scalable localizing Gaussian window. Taking into account this fact that the signal energy of faults has high amplitude around certain frequencies, the fault location can be identified considering the relationship between these frequencies and so-called path characteristic frequencies related to the fault traveling waves. The transient voltage signal energy is calculated using S-Transform and CWT. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the distribution networks with only overhead lines, as well as a combined system (consisting of the overhead lines and underground cables) have been studied. The IEEE 34-bus test distribution network is simulated in EMTP-RV software and the relevant S-transform and CWT analyses are carried out in MATLAB coding environment

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This paper aims at obtaining the dynamic models of twoconstraint-over parallel mechanisms (PM) with 3-DOF (degree of freedom) and 4-DOF, the Tripteron and the Quadrupteron. The reasoning used in this paper is based on a judicious concept in detaching the whole mechanism into several subsystems and consecutive synergies between kinematic analysis, Lagrangian and Newtonian approaches. In this regard, the mechanisms are made equivalent to some subsystems and the equations of kinematic constraints are derived for all subsystems. Afterwards upon resorting to Lagrangian approach and blending it with the latter kinematic relations, the dynamic model of each leg in task space is obtained. The dynamic model of the end- effector is written in virtue of Newton-Euler’s approach where yields to three differential equations. Finally, the problem leads to a system of 12 equations for the Tripteron and 16 equations for the Quadrupteron, which do not need usaul simplifications in such problems. For the sake of comparison, the results are put into contrast by the one obtained with a dynamic analyzer software. The results obtained by both approaches are coherent which affirms the correctness of the proposed algorithm.

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The purpose of this paper is to estimate the direct effect of foreign investment on economic growth in agriculture, industry and services sectors in the provinces of Iran during the period 2001-2017. For this purpose, the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model used. It was found that there is a nonlinear relationship between foreign direct investment and the growth of various economic sectors. The results of this study indicate that foreign direct investment affects differently the growth of various economic sectors due to fluctuations in inflation rates. The estimated coefficients for the inflation rate threshold in three-menthioned sectors were 2.55, 1.78 and 1.94, respectively. In addition, one-percent increase in foreign direct investment would increase the growth rates of agriculture, industry, and service sectors by 0.50%, 0.69% and 0.88%, respectively.

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This research explains the impact of informal institutions (corruption control) and formal institutions (number of procedures, education and entrepreneurship training and skills, access to credit and technology absorption) on entrepreneurship development in 10 in selected Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, including Iran during 2005 – 2019. The type of study is descriptive. The present article estimates a panel data model by using the available data from international statistical institutes. Eviews and Stata14 software’s are used for the calculations. The results show that the if corruption control increases, the entrepreneurship will increase, since there is a positive and significant relationship between corruption control and formal institutions, and entrepreneurship development. Among the MENA countries, corruption control has the least impact on entrepreneurship in Iran and the highest impact in Qatar. Also, corruption control, training and skills and technology absorption have had great impacts on the entrepreneurship development.

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one of the important indicators of development and also a basic condition for improving the level of well-being in any society is people's access to all kinds of food and safe water, as far as no country can carry out its development programs without providing safe and accessible food and drink. Follow for different sections of society. Therefore, this research seeks to identify the strategic issues of the food and beverage industry and prioritize them. This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of data collection, and mixed mixed research in terms of research method. To identify strategic issues in Iran's industry, the review of authentic texts and reports and in-depth interviews with experts are used. After collecting information using the open coding method, the collected data were analyzed and strategic statistical issues were prioritized using the fuzzy Delphi approach. The result of the research indicates that the most important strategic issues of the industry are the weakness of the distribution system, the weakness of the banking system in providing facilities, the high rate of inflation, the inappropriate distribution of the establishment of transformation and complementary industries without regard to the potential of the agricultural sector, and the low productivity of human resources .
 

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Today, the use of underwater robots to explorer underwater conditions has significant grown. Underwater gliders (UG) are robot of the favorite of researchers for long-time operations due to their low energy consumption. Exact the identification of dimensional parameters is critical to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of underwater gliders, which properly can rising the efficiency of robots. In this research, an attempt has been made to first extract a nonlinear dynamic model from UG. The dynamic model has been verified with the results of related other research. After checking the accuracy of the model, dimensional parametric investigation in robot hydrodynamic performance has been performed. Parameters such as buoyancy tank volume, Pitch angle and wing geometry have been target this research. In the study of each parameter, other parameters are considered constant so that the effect of target parameter can be measured. The results indicate that parameters have a significant impact on efficiency and hydrodynamic performance of the robot. Properly designed glider can be more flexible in the face of external disturbances, and causes higher speeds can be achieved when efficiency is not very important.
 

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 The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) model based on an Islamic approach on the attachment styles of incompatible couples. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. The statistical population consisted of all couples referring to the Ava-e Rahai Counseling Center in the second half of the year 1402 in Tehran, whose attachment scores differed by at least one standard deviation from secure attachment. Thirty-six volunteer couples were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The data collection tool was the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) by Basharat. The program was implemented for the experimental group over 10 counseling sessions of 90 minutes each, while the control group did not receive any training. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance (pre-test, post-test, follow-up) with SPSS24 software. Descriptive, analytical, and field examination of the issue indicated that the emotion-focused counseling model based on the Islamic approach could effectively transition incompatible couples from insecure to secure attachment and enhance emotional regulation. In the attachment styles component, there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test (P ≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the post-test and follow-up means with 95% confidence (P ≥ 0.05). This statistic indicates that the therapeutic effects on attachment were maintained until the follow-up stage