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Disasters provide physical, social, political and environmental development windows of opportunities that can be used not only to reconstruct the impacted areas, but also to improve the socio-economic and physical conditions of the impacted population in the long run. It is argued, however, that there is a limited time frame of approximately four years for such opportunities to be utilized efficiently. Bam earthquake in December 2003 that killed more than 27000 and devastated the historical part of the city opened several unique opportunities for mitigation, socio-economic and physical development. This paper examines the roles that various stakeholders played in the Bam reconstruction and their contribution to the success and failure of utilizing disaster development opportunities. The results show that stakeholders’ collaboration and participation, knowledge and experience, long-term and holistic visions, division of labour and use of resources have had significant influence on the success and failure of using post-disaster opportunities.

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Due to the low formability of aluminum alloys at ambient temperature, forming of these alloys is performed at high temperature. Research has shown that the results of simple tensile test to predict the materials behavior at high temperatures are not sufficiently accurate to predict the formability of aluminum tubes at high temperature. The mechanical properties of the tube are very important at high temperatures. In this study the formability of 6063 aluminum alloy tubes are investigated by free bulging test at temperature range 430°C to 600°C. Then the mechanical properties including flow stress, strain rate sensitivity coefficient and strength constant are obtained using tube multi-bulge test at temperature range 530°C to 580°C. For this purpose, hot metal tube gas forming process is used and the effect of process parameters such as the effect of temperature, pressure and time on the expansion ratio and height of the bulge are studied. The results show that the maximum expansion ratio is 58% at 580°C. Bursting pressure decreases from 1.9MPa to 0.6MPa with temperature increasing from 430°C to 600°C. The bulge height increases with increasing forming time at constant pressure. Also with increasing temperature in the temperature range 530°C to 580°C the flow stress and strength constant decrease and strain rate sensitivity coefficient increases.

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Extended Abstract Ranking rural settlements based on the degree vulnerability to natural hazards is a crucial issue in risk management and reduces their vulnerability. The purpose of the research Recognition and design process of multi-criteria decision analysis model (KOPRAS) in rural settlements based on the degree of physical vulnerability to natural hazards (earthquakes), To achieve it through a literature review, collection components and indicators of physical vulnerability of Chalan Cholan one of rural district affected to natural hazards (earthquakes) have been performed. Methodology Research methodology descriptive and analytic; Based on 13 indicators of physical vulnerability, Information about the vulnerability of these villages in 2006 earthquakes were collected, and In the process of doing the normalization and weighting factors were used in the model, and based on Villages studied were ranking. Finding and Conclusion The results of this study indicate as for diverse and fragmented nature of physical vulnerability indicators, these models can be having capability high-ranking settlements vulnerability against earthquakes. And accordingly an effective step towards a successful program to reduce the adverse effects of natural hazards and reduce the vulnerability of settlements to be prone to the risks, So that the results of the (KOPRAS) Model show that the villages zargaran olea, Karkhane sefid kon and pahlavan kol most vulnerable and villages Heshmat abad, Behzad abad and Beatan have been least vulnerability in Lorestan earthquake of 2006 selakhor plain. Keywords: Natural hazards, Earthquakes, Vulnerability, model ( KOPRAS),Ranking,Dehestan chalan cholan.