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Nowadays, experts in the field of translation studies agree that translation is one of the most characteristic patterns of interaction between two cultures that cannot be limited to a purely linguistic process. In the field of translation, theorists such as Berman, Venuti, Schleiermacher, Ricoeur ... emphasize representation and alienation of the other and consider it as a superior strategy. They warn the translator against any "sacredness of the mother tongue" and believe that he should introduce the other culture to the target language readers without any interference. But in reality this is not always the case. Sometimes the translator uses semantic substitution instead of acquainting the destination reader with the foreign culture. Sometimes it even involves deleting and changing content. Can alienation be considered a superior strategy regardless of the situation? What factors prioritize strategies? Is not choosing such a so-called superior strategy simply rooted in the translators' view of the translation process? What factors influence translator choices and differentiate different translations of a work? What effects can these choices have on the target language reader? This article examines the factors affecting translator choices in translating culturally oriented elements.  It then examines the impact of these choices on target language readers.
 

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of patriarchal and gender systems on women's demands in different cultures. The question is whether the mechanism of these systems works in the same way in different societies and leads to the same results? What are the commonalities or differences between women's demands for civil and political equality with men in different cultures? In this regard, based on a broad reading of the feminist theory, according to Bourdieuchr's theory of male domination and within the requirements of comparative literature, the writings of two women writers from two cultures, Iranian (Alamataj Ghaem Maqami) and French (Constance de Salm), were selected. A thematic study of their works and ideas in two societies in transition (Constitutional Revolution in Iran and the French Revolution of 1789) shows that male domination, regardless of other cultural characteristics, leads to the same demands to eliminate discrimination against women in the family, education as well as politics.

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One of the stages of recognizing the intellectual, cultural and emotional characteristics of nations possessing culture and literature is the adjustment of their literary works. Semiotics approach reaches meaning through the literary text, and in this process, regimes of discourse as the main elements of discourse shape the narrative and change from one status to another. This study analyzes of Savab ya Gonah by Jamalzadeh and The Corn Planting by Anderson of two Iranian and American writers by the use of Greimas’s semiotics model, also explicate types of regimes of Discourse.The main question of this research is how the narrative process of signification is formed and what are the most important discourse systems involved in meaning production? The results showed that both authors have used a variety of narrative discourse systems in their story, but the discourse systems of action and Stative have been the dominant discourses in the narrative formation so that the narrative with Stative has turned to action and again to the Stative with aesthetic and mythical type. and we are confronted with the process of forming high spiritual values, and the characters in the story make their mythical presence visible to the audience. But what leads to the difference between the themes of the two stories is the attitude of the actors and the value worldview in these two cultures, such as in the story of Savab ya Gonah, the main actor in the form of religious codes of retribution and reconciliation with death is elevated to the status of myths. However, in The Corn Planting story, the main actors, in the form of Eco-Semiotics codes, linked the death of the child at the end of the narrative by turning to nature and attaining mythical status.

1. Introduction
 Developments in the study of the field of sign provided the basis for the transition from structural semiotics to discourse semiotics. Greimas, with his extensive research and new findings, made profound changes in the semiotics of the Paris School, so that the three levels of change created by his studies under the headings: 1) structural semantics; 2) narrative semiotics; 3) discursive semiotics. Accordingly signs in the field of semiotics are manifested beyond the signs in the structural approach, as they are a dynamic and interacting entity, forming meanings and emerging within Regimes of  Discourse.The present study intends to study the regime of discourse in two stories by two authors of East and West, based on the discourse semiotics approach, and shows that the types of semantic processes in both stories cause the formation of discourses and the creation of intelligent, emotional and events to show how much the moral, cultural messages and myths hidden in the underlying layers of these narratives can affect the life, thinking and lifestyle of their audiences.
 
 
2. Research questions
 This study tries to find out what are the types of regimes of discourse used in the story of the authors and how these regimes are formed and from their interaction, the meanings are formed and the narrative is developed. Also, what are the main similarities and differences in the process of producing meaning in the stories in question? The next question is what moral themes, characterization, and mythology are used in the underlying layers of these two stories? The main hypothesis of the article is that a set of action and stative discourses and unexpected events play a role in shaping the narrative process and creating meaning, which change its nature by transforming from stative to action and vice versa. The secondary hypothesis is that there is a difference in the occurrence of human actions in both cultures, and this difference in the lifestyle of the actors makes the cultural function different in both discourses.
 
3. Methodology
 The method of this research is descriptive-analytical method and the purpose is to analyze the regime of discourse from the perspective of discourse semiotics and enlighten the action and stative regimes of discourse so that a clearer reading can be done for the reader. In the research model, first, the text of the story is decomposed into its components and parts and then it is analyzed meaningfully by inductive method from the components to the whole text. In this approach, the elements and underlying layers of the text are considered in interaction with each other and processes and regime of discourse are examined and analyzed.
 
 
4. Innovation
 The present study aims to study and analyze the processes of meaning production and regime of discourse from Savab ya Gonah and The Corn planting short stories according to  semiotics approach and comparatively, to analyze and discover the mechanisms of meaning production in two short stories by two Eastern and Western writers so that we reveal the similarities and differences in the cultural and social themes underlying the story.
 
5. Discussion
In this study, the regime of discourse in two stories by the authors of Eastern and Western and their semiotics relations was examined and depicted by descriptive-analytical method and comparative type. One of the moral points raised in the story of Savab ya Gonah written by Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh were the issue of poverty and misery, which are the main cause of crime. They forces Sohrab, who could not afford for  himself and his mother’s daily life, to take risks in order to reach the wealth by seizing a part of the wealth of his wealthy neighbor, Haj Fathulla. He enters to tensive regime of discourse and commits the murder of Haj Fathulla and is imprisoned. In this part of the narrative, we enter the stative regime of discourse. Sohrab, who has accepted the act of murder by entering the cognitive system,  and considers death  as liberation from calamities. The semantic processes in this story from the point of view of semiotics show that actions are subject to special conditions and proceed based on cognition and experience and are not based solely on physical strength. Sometimes, actions are a function of emotions and statives and lead to action. In some cases, statives lead to cognition and attainment of the aesthetic. Eventually, by entering to the aesthetics of nothingness and absence  atmosphere,  death becomes a stage for revival and spiritual life. The main actor of the narrative, with the retribution of his death, is linked to a myth in an aesthetic process such as light-winged birds, and at the end of the tensive process, he clearly explains the fluidity of meaning and its non-confinement in stereotyped forms. That is, the narrative changes from stative to the action regime of discourse and finds its way back to the stative which is of aesthetic and mythical nature.
 
Table 1
 The story processes of Savab ya Gonah at a glance
 

stative regime of discourse	actional regime of discourse	event	Cognitive space	tensive space	transformation of the actional regime of discourse into the stative regime of discourse of aesthetic (transcendental) kind
Poverty and misery of Sohrab family	Sohrab and his mother's efforts for livelihood and the narrator's support of them	Sohrab committed murde	confession of murder committed by Sohrab and blaming himself	The torment of the victim's conscience in Sohrab's dream and the death of Sohrab's mother	Acceptance of retribution by Sohrab and death is a stage of his spiritual life

 
The main theme of The Corn Planting is the pride and being happy for what we have, sacrifice in maintaining it and accepting the situation of life, patience and endurance in the face of adversity. The main semantic processes in this story have advanced the narrative, using the intelligent regime of discourse means actional discourse as well as the emotional regime of discourse, stative discourse. In this story, actions are linked to cognition, and sometimes they are subject to the morality of ethics and create love, sometimes they are the generators of love and affection, and they figure out some cases of dependency. Even the occurrence of an unexpected event, in addition to the action, leads to the transcendence of the concept of death, patience and perseverance. In other words, Hatch and his wife's dependency on their only child, leads to uninterrupted work on the farm. With the event of Will's death, we enter a tensive space, but the occurrence of a tensive atmosphere instead of disturbing the mental balance of the main characters of the narrative, by working non-stop on the farm, is an attempt to nostalgia which is aesthetic and mythical. In other words, he makes them a myth who like a saint worshiping and praying in the sanctuary of worship, has surrendered. The aesthetic atmosphere of the corn planting has also gone beyond myth, and every moment, by planting death in the heart of darkness, waiting for sprouting hope and lif  in the bed of existence.
 
Table 2
 The story processes of The Corn Planting at a glance
 

stative regime of discourse	ethic	actional regime of discourse	event	tensive space	transformation of the actional regime of discourse into the stative regime of discourse of aesthetic (transcendental) kind
Parent solitudes for their only child	Will financial support for his parents	the relentless effort of Hatch and his wife	Will 's death in a car accident	Getting the news of the child's death	transcendence of the position of the subjects in time of corn planting to worshiping saints

6. Conclusion
 The findings indicated that in the comparison of these two narratives, the most important regime of discourse are stative, action and the occurrence of an unexpected event cause a transformation in the stative regime of discourse and mythical. Ultimately distinguishes the two narratives is the lifestyle and performance of the actors and their cultural differences. Because in the story of Savab ya Gonah, the main actor achieves the status of a myth by choosing death and retribution, and in the story of The Corn planting the main actors in the form of Eco-Semiotics codes, by turning to nature and accepting the loss of a child, transcend his death to the status of a myth.

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The current research focuses on the comparative study of proverbs and expressions in French and Persian languages. This branch of linguistics has keywords in different areas of meaning, such as plants, animals, human body, colors, numbers, nature, etc. To define the subject, the authors of the article chose the terms related to the human body and targeted five organs, that is to say "the head, the eyes, the heart, the tongue, the hands". The researchers wondered if the French terms in question are equivalent to those in Persian. If so, is the member used in both languages ​​the same or different? This comparative-analytical study is based on the studies of linguists in this field. Along with the examination of the terms cited, one encounters cases where two different organs, the repetition of the name of an organ, or the combination of the name of an organ and an adjective create a new expression. Also, the symbolic role of the limbs used in French and Persian proverbs and expressions is very evident. According to the search results, often these French expressions have equivalents in Persian, or find structures in our language in the form of explanatory sentences. In the equivalent of some expressions, the organ is not used as a keyword, and in some others it is used in conjunction with the name of another organ.

The current research deals with the comparative study of proverbs and interpretations in French and Persian languages. By using terms, a person pursues goals that are all rooted in the culture of his/her language, such as sweetening the words, concluding the discussion, avoiding raising a topic directly. This branch of linguistics has keywords in different semantic fields such as plants, animals, human body, colors, numbers and nature. To narrow down the topic, the authors of the article have chosen the terms related to the human body and have conducted a comparative study on five parts, i.e., "head, eyes, heart, tongue, hands" to find a suitable answer to these questions: Are the desired French terms equivalent in Persian or not? If the answer is positive, is the part used in both languages the same or different? The comparative-analytical research method is based on the studies of linguists in this field. The corpus of the research consists of thirty idioms (six examples for each part) which have been chosen from the following two books: Proverbs and Idioms, written by NASRIN DOKHT KHATAT, et al, which was published in 2002 by university publication in Tehran. The second book of proverbs and thematic interpretations of the French language is the work of NAHID DJALILI MARAND, which was published in 2006 by Samt Organization. In the theoretical section of the article, in addition to the views of linguists, the similarities and differences between idioms and proverbs have also been studied. In the analysis of idioms, the examples have been examined from the lexical point of view, the cultural points hidden in them and their symbolic aspect, which is very evident in both languages. Also, there are cases where the name of a body part is combined with another part to form a new term, or a new term is created by repeating the name of a part of the body, and in some cases, another type of term is created by combining the name of a part of the body with an adjective. In accordance with the results of the research, in most cases, French terms have equivalents in Persian language, and if there is no equivalent, the same terms are common in our language in the form of explanatory sentences. In the equivalent of some terms, the body part is not used as a key word, and in some others, the part used in the French term is used with the name of another part in Persian. By conducting this comparative-analytical study, we have come to the belief that French and Persian language terms have common points due to their roots in the popular culture of the two nations, in other words, they represent their symbolic language, which are used in the form of simile, metaphor, and metonymy, but sometimes these symbols are different due to cultural differences.            

 

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Preservation and optimal usage of water resources are that main aspects of sustainable development in each country. Knowing qualitative and quantitative problems in water resources monitoring systems is one of the most important steps in water resources system management and pollution reduction plan. Recent studies in the field of water quality monitoring network has showen the needs for more researches, despite the abilities and investments in this field. One of the most important problems is the difference between required data and provided data in monitoring networks. So, monitoring systems should be revised and modified in several cases. High monitoring expenses necessitates optimizing monitoring systems to prevent cost loss. Being aware of network properties is an essential step in evaluating existing quality monitoring network. Locations of sampling stations, time frequencies, qualitative variables specifications and sampling duration should be considered in these evaluations. Reduce the cost of monitoring networks and maximize the obtained information, is the common objectives of the monitoring networks planning. From a monitoring perspective, identification of the reservoir eutrophication situation is of particular importance. Eutrophication phenomenon affects water quality strongly and causes serious limitations on the water utilization ability. Autotrophic organisms and algae overgrowth increased turbidity, toxic substances, increased sedimentation rate, oxygen concentration in the middle of the day and reduced severely by decreasing sunlight from sunset until next day morning, which causes anaerobic regions creation in deeper areas of the reservoir as the result. In this study, locations of Karkheh dam reservoir that there was maximum variations in quality indices values using CE-QUAL-W2 model, was identified. PO_4, NO_3, chlorophyll A and dissolved oxygen was studied to eutrophication control in reservoir. Because of limited available data from the time frequencies and sampling location point of view, dam reservoir was modeled by CE-QUAL-W2, 2D qualitative model for a period of one year. Using time series developed in previous step in model cells, time variance of studied parameters in the entire model cells was calculated and was used as a measure of its value change during time. Critical path from monitoring point of view was obtained after fitting best curve to cells with maximum time variance for studied qualitative indices. Placement of monitoring stations on this route will get the maximum information about the quality of the monitoring operation. The results showed that the proposed methodology is efficient in determination of critical paths for quality indices from monitoring perspective, in the dam reservoirs. ...Being aware of network properties is an essential step in evaluating existing quality monitoring network. Locations of sampling stations, time frequencies, qualitative variables specifications and sampling duration should be considered in these evaluations. Reduce the cost of monitoring networks and maximize the obtained information, is the common objectives of the monitoring networks planning. From a monitoring perspective, identification of the reservoir eutrophication situation is of particular importance. Eutrophication phenomenon affects water

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The present article, realized by using analytical method and library research, has discussed the different roles of colors in French and Persian terms. On the one hand, these terms have been studied in the field of linguistics, especially in terms of vocabulary and syntactic structure, and on the other hand, their hidden and obvious symbols have been analyzed by the intercultural point of view. In order to be aware of the commonality and differentiation of the colors’ role in the terms of both French and Persian languages and to create order and coherence in the text of the article, the authors have categorized them into six groups, according to their own initiative: conceptual metaphor, terms structured by noun and adjective, metonymy, political domain, abstract concepts and terms based on infinitive. It is noteworthy that by referring to specialized books and dictionaries, the body of research consisting of qualified terms for each group has been conceived and for each of them, equivalent has been chosen in the target language. In addition to examining each term, the authors of the article have provided an analytical study of the examples, citing the views of linguists. Also, by referring to the book Le Proverbe : Vers une définition linguistique (2012) by Sonia Gomez-Jordana Ferari, the syntactic structure of the examples of the research body has been examined..
 

1. Introduction

The present article analyzes the different roles of colors in French and Persian terms and examines them with a comparative approach in this field of linguistics. In fact, the authors of the article, in order to be aware of the commonalities and differences between the desired roles in the terms with the names of colors in two languages, have categorized them into six groups on their own initiative: conceptual metaphor, short, permissible expressions, politics, concepts abstract and terminology with verb source structure. This work has given a special order and coherence to the research text. It is noteworthy that by referring to specialized books and cultures, examples have been found for each group and equivalents have been found for each of them in the target language. In addition to examining each term, the authors have provided analytical explanations based on the points of view of linguists and based on their knowledge and experiences. Also, the syntactic structure of each group has been studied by referring to the book Proverbs: Towards a Definition Based on Linguistics (2012) by Sonia Gomez-Jordana Ferrari. In this research, with an analytical method, the commonalities of the color symbol in both languages ​​are emphasized, but sometimes in Persian or French equivalent, another word is used instead of color and sometimes the names of colors are due to cultural differences between these two different languages.
The proverbs and interpretations of each language have been created in various contexts, contain different topics, and express interesting and instructive content because they have been and will be the result of the experiences of many generations. Humans (gender and body parts), animals, plants, nature, numbers, colors, specific names, geographical areas, etc. are the keywords of the terms and proverbs. These themes play an important role in creating the meaning of the terms: sometimes they have an implicit meaning and sometimes an explicit meaning, sometimes they express a specific culture or religion, and sometimes they appear symbolically. Whatever role they play in the term, the reader or listener must be familiar with the meaning in order to understand its meaning, otherwise, it will be difficult or impossible for the audience to understand the text or speech. Colors have a prominent presence in human daily life and play important roles in various fields: they represent socio-political tendencies, they can represent the personality of each of us, and express our feelings in the situation. Be different mentally and physically. The importance of colors is such that they have even taken up a significant part of the proverbs and expressions of the living languages ​​of the world. Given their connection to this field of language and linguistics, we decided to conduct research in this field and find a convincing answer to our question: the symbolic roles of colors used in proverbs and interpretations in both languages Persian and French culture are the same or different?

2. Methodology

The research method is based on the principle that by first referring to specialized cultures and books in this field, a number of terms and proverbs in which the names of colors are used as a body of work have been selected. Then, in a comparative approach, we discuss the commonalities and differences between the two languages. This is a comparative analytical study in the field of lexical, symbolic, and cultural bilingualism with reference to the views of linguists and philosophers in both languages.
In this research, we got acquainted with the world of colors in a wide field of language and linguistics, and according to their diversity and in order to organize the text of the article, these proverbs and colorful interpretations according to their initiative in groups. We included a variety of colors, including conceptual metaphors, short, permissible phrases, the realm of politics, abstract concepts, and terms with verb endings. In addition to analyzing the symbolic role of colors used in the terms of each group, by considering the commonalities and differentiating them in the two languages ​​that is the initial question of our research, citing Gomez-Jordana's classification into its syntactic structure.

3. Results

In fact, except for the terms with the verb structure in the conceptual metaphorical group, which are usually used with the verb "being and becoming" in Persian and "être et devenir" in France, and the last group as terms with the verb structure, our classification group did not match with what Gomez-Jordana introduced. In terms of the symbolism of colors in the conceptual metaphors of the two languages, "similar and similar" is usually common, but in most cases "similar to" is not the same in Persian and French because the cultural distance between the two languages ​​in some cases causes this difference. For example, in Persian, the color of the face turns yellow like "yellow wood", while "similar to" in French is "fruit, lemon and a kind of candle made of animal tallow". In French short phrases, white, blue, and yellow are used to express "waking night, rage, intense anger, false laughter, family originality, etc.", while this type of Persian phrase is less colorful. They are combined, but sometimes they have a color symbol, such as "horror film" which is presented in black in France or "immaturity of a girl" which in French is marked with green meaning immaturity, with some exceptions. It exists in Persian, such as "yellow fever, green hand" and so on. Despite the lexical differences in the short phrases of the two languages ​​in this category, in the Persian equivalents, one can easily understand the emotions that the colors used in the French phrases evoke. In the allowed section, French terms are usually the same color as Persian equivalents, and these colors evoke the socio-cultural burden of both languages. It goes without saying that in some cases, in Persian, instead of using "white clothes, blue clothes" and other cases, we are content with the names of jobs, but at the same time, their uniforms are also imprinted in our minds. In politics, too, most colors are internationally symbolic and can be used under the same name in any language. In abstract concepts, we believe that colors play a symbolic role, for example, being negative and pessimistic, in despair and hope evokes a blackness in our minds, and vice versa, optimism, love of life, and enjoying its various aspects justify the presence of pink in the terms because it expresses tenderness, beauty, calmness and cheerfulness. Regarding color, Merleau-Ponty quotes the French painter Cézanne as saying that "color is the space where the human brain and the outside world meet" (Merleau-Ponty, p. 66). This applies to the connection of colors with all the parts studied in this article, because the human brain connects the two issues according to the conditions of time and place in which the terms in question originated.
 

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Under a constant loading condition, use of a controller with constant coefficients can be acceptable for servo pneumatic systems. However in variable loads with widespread changes, more advanced control methods should be considered to achieve desirable performance. In this paper, an adaptive controller is designed and implemented to a variably loaded servo pneumatic system with PWM driven switching valve. In the under examination servo pneumatic system, PWM driven fast switching valve is used instead of expensive servo or proportional valves. Real time identification of system parameters is performed using input-output data and controller parameters are adjusted instantaneously. “Self-tuning regulators” algorithm, in which controller parameters obtain from solving a design problem, is applied to design the proposed adaptive controller. The designed controller is applied to the servo pneumatic system via an interface board and its performance is compared with PD and multi model controller. Unlike the proposed method in multi model control method, a number of constant loads should be considered and corresponding to each load a fixed controller is designed. Experimental results demonstrate the high performance of the adaptive controller under variable loads.

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Deforestation has been one of the most detrimental consequences of the prevalence of European anthropocentrism in North America. European settlers who immigrated to North America found themselves in a bountiful paradise with infinite untrammeled natural resources that could be utilized to make a fortune. Likewise, they inflicted irremediable damages on nature upon the onset of their settlement in this continent. Investigating Louis Owens’ Wolfsong from an ecocritical standpoint, this article seeks to highlight the massive deforestation conducted by the white Americans in the Northwest of the United States of America. As a qualitative, research-based study, this article commences with the theoretical framework and subsequently focuses on the representations of the critical concepts in Wolfsong. It shall be indicated that the perspective held by the White Americans towards nature drastically collides with that of the indigenes. More exactly, the argument of this research follows the distinction between the treatment of nature by the Euro-Americans and Native Americans in Wolfsong.