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The fauna of the Ophioniformes group (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) was studied in the southern part of Kerman province, Iran during 2014–2015. Four localities (Faryab, Jiroft, Maskoon and Sarbijan) have been surveyed using eight Malaise traps. Two traps were operated in each location. A total of 135 specimens of the Ophioniformes group have been collected and identified representing 27 species into seven subfamilies and 17 genera. One genus (i.e. Meloboris Holmgren, 1859) and six species are reported from Iran for the first time: Diadegma kyffhusanae Horstmann, 1973, Hyposoter barretti (Bridgman, 1881), Hyposoter caudator Horstmann, 2008, Meloboris collector (Thunberg, 1822), Sinophorus pleuralis (Thomson, 1887) and Mesochorus arenarius (Haliday, 1838). Fifteen species are newly recorded from Kerman province. The biographical and altitudinal range distribution, as well as adult flight period of the identified species, are also discussed.

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Internal-force-driven flows in which the force acting on channel cross sections have a perfect uniform distribution create a fully developed velocity field even the axial distribution of these forces is non-uniform. In this situation, firstly the driving force with non-uniform axial distribution can be removed temporarily and then one can use an equivalent axial uniform body forcealternatively throughout the channel. In this case, although the distribution and the driving force change but the resulting velocity profiles remain unchanged. The main advantage of thisreplacement is thatthe solution of the equations in the 3-D geometries canbe converted to a 2-D solution using Poisson equationin the channel cross section. After determining the velocity distribution in the cross section, one caninverselycalculate the actual pressure distribution easily. This will be done by resuming the real axial force. One of the applications of this simplification is that the simulation of MHD channel flows can be carried out easily.Good agreement between the results of the new solution method and the results ofthe perfect solutions shows that the present method with enough accuracy can be used for prediction of velocity and pressure fields in microfluidic networks.Consequently the heavy costs of 3-D analysis are reduced considerably.

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In- service professional development activities seem to be of much significance to teachers who face challenges in teaching or teaching related issues such assessment and curriculum development. Despite the rich literature review of teachers' professional development, in-service professional development needs of EFL teachers have not been assessed yet. The present study aimed at developing and validating an in-service professional development needs scale for EFL teachers. In doing so, a mixed research method was used.  In the qualitative phase, the professional development needs were explored through interviewing with 20 EFL teachers who were selected through purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, the professional development scale was submitted to 220 teachers. Data were analyzed through running exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. Results showed that extracted professional development needs were reduced to four main areas: a) teaching, communication skills and assessment, b) educational psychology and technology, c) material development, and d) language and meta-language skills. The findings can be used by language schools and educational centers to provide EFL teachers with the most urgent professional development needs.