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This study explores teachers’ readiness to implement generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in their teaching and learning processes, alongside the benefits and challenges related to its utilizations in the Omani context. The data analysis process involved analyzing responses from the 5-point Likert scale questionnaire using descriptive statistics. A sample of 61 teachers with different qualifications from different educational institutions in the Sultanate of Oman participated in the study. The findings revealed that teachers had a positive level of readiness to implement GenAI, highlighting a spectrum of readiness levels, such as attending training sessions about GenAI, and a significant willingness of utilizing GenAI tools in their classes. On the other hand, teachers reported a positive benefit and experience in improving their teaching, stating that GenAI enables them to save their time, improves their teaching experience and job satisfaction, and offers them adaptive learning and instant feedback. However, findings revealed number of challenges for teachers such as a lack of awareness about policies and ethics in implementing GenAI tools, and their cost. Moreover, teachers indicated a moderate concern regarding the challenges of integrating GenAI tools into their teaching practices. Based on the findings, the study provides significant insight for teachers, policymakers, and syllabi designers, stressing the significant importance of preparing teachers to efficiently integrate GenAI in their pedagogical duties to make the most educational potential while mitigating related risks.

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One of the very consequences of language contacts is the presence of loanwords in a language. A great number of linguistic researches have focused on loanword studies through sociolinguistic approaches. In case of literary texts, the frequent and conscious use of loanwords reflects the style and the implicated purposes of the author which must definitely be transferred in translation. The present study aims to investigate the role of loanwords in literary texts, and their representations in translations. To this end, 148 loanwords were extracted from the American novel, Funny in Farsi by Firoozeh Dumas, then their representations in the Persian translation were studied considering three variables: the donor language, the semantic fields of loanwords and the translation strategies. The results revealed that ‘equivalence’ and ‘definition’ were the priorities of the translator among the translation strategies, and this has led to lose some cultural aspects of the literary text in translation.

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Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) is one of the most noteworthy sub-fields of Translation Studies. The current qualitative descriptive study applied House's (1997) model, which is based on Hallidayan Systemic-Functional Theory, to investigate the quality of Farsi translations of Salinger’s Franny and Zooey translated by Milad Zakaria and Omid Nikfarjam. As House has suggested, translations are categorized into covert and overt ones. An overt translation, in contrast to covert translation which is domesticated toward target language, is one that must overtly be a translation with probable unfamiliar cultural elements. House claims that overt translation is preferred for culture-oriented texts, particularly literary ones. By applying Houses’s model, the present study aims to investigate the way in which the function of literary text is represented in target language system. To this end, selected segments of the corpus were compared and contrasted to their Persian equivalences in two mentioned translations. The findings of this research revealed that although both translations tended to familiarize the text to the translation audiences, Milad Zakaria’s translation was more overt compared with the translation by Omid Nikfarjam. Therefore, it can be claimed that the first translation is functionally more adequate compared to the second one in preserving the “function” of source text in target language.

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In recent years, the term "customer relationship management" has attracted much attention in the field of marketing and commerce. This study aimed to an analysis of the effect of customer relationship management dimensions on its success in service organizations with a meta-analysis approach. For this purpose, from 62 studies (from 2014 to 2018), 18 methodological and research objectives were accepted and meta-analysis was carried out on them. The research tool was a meta-analytic checklist. The findings showed that the propagation bias in the analyzed analysis is intangible. Also, the size of the impact of customer relationship management dimensions on the success of customer relationship management in service organizations was found to be 0.59 (Sig: 0/001). Accordingly, customer orientation (with an influence size of 0.601) and customer satisfaction (with a dependence size of 0.65) had the greatest impact on customer relationship management. The effect size according to Cohen's table is too high. We conclude that businesses are based on customer orientation and customer satisfaction so that the development and provision of services without considering this principle is not only difficult but impossible. Therefore, service organizations should focus all their activities and capabilities on customer satisfaction, because customers are the only source of return on investment. However, competitive markets today require all organizations to be customer-oriented.

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Regional development occurrs by functional variety growth of settlements and making strongest relationship between them. Therefore, examination of functional–service relationships between settlements in order to achieve an appropriate pattern is necessary for hierarchy of the settlements. Thus in this research, we used social network analysis method to examinate functional–service relationships among Roniz's settlements. Therefore, twenty service relations in four functions and relations (educational-cultural, infrastructural-commercial, remedial- health and official) were determined. Then a questionnaire was prepared and filled by the settlers. In order to analyze each relationship, we used network analysis method. The results showed that utilizing of network helped to easily and quickly recognize the spatial relation between human settlements. Further, Roniz's settlements have a strong functional–service relationship mainly with Roniz city (district center) and Mahfrkhan and Ynvan villages. In addition, because of distance dimention, other habitants (with the exception of Roniz city) have just relation with the settlements of the district.

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Applying pictorial illustrations aids the lexicographer in defining lemmas and clarifying the meaning of entries. The present study, based on Stein's (1991) categories, looks at the inclusion of pictorial illustrations in three Persian monolingual dictionaries, including Amid Persian Dictionary, Moein Persian dictionary, and Sokhan Comprehensive Dictionary, intending to define a syntactic-semantic typology of pictorial illustrations in Persian monolingual dictionaries. This corpus based analytic survey is done to answer which items are mostly illustrated, considering the semantic field and the part of speech of illustrated lemmas, as well as study visual characteristics of pictures and their place of insertion. The other purpose of this paper is to investigate which methods can improve the efficiency of pictorial illustrations in dictionaries. The results of this survey indicate that domestic and contextualized pictures along with a proper reference to their headwords can enhance the communicative function of Persian monolingual dictionaries. It is also revealed that the co-reference of illustrations and headwords are fulfilled via the juxtaposition of pictures to the dictionary entries or through some verbal support that relates illustrations to the respective lemma. In all three mentioned Persian dictionaries, concrete nouns are the most illustrated headwords. This research shows that the typological analysis of pictorial illustrations in dictionaries can provide a better understanding of illustrative structures in monolingual lexicography so that planning for the visual aspects of the new generation of Persian monolingual dictionaries would be more feasible..

1. Introduction
New approaches to lexicography, which highlight the communicative function of dictionaries, believe that the dictionaries should contain encyclopedic and cultural information as well as linguistic one. The aforementioned information is presented not only through the text but also by images. Providing pictorial illustrations in monolingual dictionaries is one of the common techniques to clarify meaning in modern lexicography. The present study aims at defining a syntactic-semantic typology of pictorial illustrations in Persian monolingual dictionaries, including Amid Persian Dictionary, Moein Persian dictionary, and Sokhan Comprehensive Dictionary, by observing and studying illustrated entries in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the structure of illustrations in these dictionaries.
To this end, a corpus analytical survey is conducted to answer what entries are mostly illustrated, based on their semantic field and the part of speech, and how can lexicographers improve the efficiency of pictorial illustrations in dictionaries. The visual features of the entries do not appear to be the same, and illustration techniques may change due to these differences.
 
2. Literature Review
Hupka’s  (1984) study on pictorial illustrations in dictionaries and the lexicographical traditions of five major European languages (French, Italian, Spanish, English and German) is assumed to be the first systematic survey in this field.  Following Hupka’s typology of pictorial illustrations which includes nine categories, Stein (1991) suggests his own categorization based on the relation between lemma/definition and picture. Stein’s (1991: 105) systematic exploration of illustrations focuses on “how the meanings can be represented and which illustrations can stand on their own and which have to be verbally supported by a legend”.
Nesi (1989) addresses the function of pictures in learner's dictionaries. She believes that illustrations can help the learner to produce language as far as they are accompanied with notes on grammar and usage.
Gangla-Birir (2005) investigates the pictorial illustrations in African language dictionaries and argues the need to include more illustrations of culture-bound elements of a particular community or language group in dictionaries.
Klossa (2016), by taking an encyclopedic approach to lexicography, discusses the importance of transmitting cultural and encyclopedic information in dictionaries. According to her, illustration is an effective technique for applying an encyclopedic approach to lexicography, which provides the possibility to provide a culture-oriented context for the entries.
Illustrations in Persian Monolingual Dictionaries is one of the topics that has received less attention from Iranian researchers. In a contrastive study, Mansouri (2014) compares pictures in Moein Persian dictionary with illustrations in two Oxford advanced and learner’s Dictionary. Examining the use of illustrations in Persian monolingual dictionaries with a typological approach has no background and this is the first study that intends to offer a systematic categorization for pictorial illustrations in Persian monolingual dictionaries, based on the semantic field and the part of speech of illustrated headwords.
 
3. Methodology
To answer the questions raised, the researchers first study the corpus, i.e. illustrated entries in three monolingual Persian dictionaries (Amid, Moin and Sokhan), based on Stein's (1991) categories. Then, with a typological approach, all types of illustrated entries are analyzed according to their semantic fields and parts of speech, as well as the visual features of the pictures and their place of insertion. Finally, the representation of encyclopedic and cultural information through pictorial illustrations in Persian monolingual dictionaries is addressed.
 
4. Results
In this section, the results of the examining pictorial illustrations in three Persian monolingual dictionaries (Amid, Moin and Sokhan), based on Stein's (1991) categories, are presented as follows:
Amid Persian Dictionary
In this dictionary, the use of pictures is quite obvious. Pictorial illustrations, either images or drawings, are often presented in black and white. In addition to the black-and-white pictures within the text, this dictionary includes a number of colorful or black-and-white full-page images as the middle matter which are mostly presenting cultural and encyclopedic information. In Amid Persian Dictionary, both groups of illustrations (with and without verbal support) are seen, although it can be said that in most cases the illustrations can stand on their own with no verbal support as far as they are juxtaposed to the dictionary entry.
Moein Persian dictionary
In this dictionary, there is a high focus on pictorial illustrations. The pictures and their positions have been carefully selected and situated, either on the margins of the dictionary or in the immediate vicinity of a headword. Along with black-and-white pictures within the text, this dictionary presents a number of colorful or black-and-white full-page images as the middle matter which are mostly presenting cultural and encyclopedic information. In Moein Persian dictionary, both groups of illustrations (with and without verbal support) are seen. The results show that this dictionary has greatly taken advantage of second group of illustrations, so that all four types of Stein's verbal support, including legend, identifying labels, differentiating labels, and captions, can be found in this dictionary.
Sokhan Comprehensive Dictionary
Although the focus on illustrations in this dictionary is less than the previous two, but a significant feature in illustration method in Sokhan Comprehensive Dictionary needs to be highlighted: all images are uniformly and clearly drawn so that they can play a complementary role for definitions very well. The drawings in this dictionary are all presented in black and white and there is no evidence of full page pictures as the middle matter. Moreover, The examination of pictures depicts that except for few cases, illustration in this dictionary is of the first group (without verbal support). In fact, since almost all illustrations are situated in the immediate vicinity of the headword, verbal explanations are rarely used. In other words, the position of pictures helps them to refer to their headword to the extent that there is no need to provide a verbal support for the pictures.
 
5. Discussion
Examination of pictorial illustrations in the corpus of study shows that in all three mentioned Persian dictionaries, concrete nouns are the most illustrated headwords, among which the most pictures fall in the semantic fields of plants and animals. In addition, the analysis of illustrated entries in the present study confirmed the hypothesis that the visual features of the headwords do not appear to be the same, and illustration techniques may change due to these differences.
Furthermore, to enable to fulfill their communicative function, it is important that contextualization of pictures, their position in the dictionary along with a proper reference to their headwords are carefully devised. That is, if the illustrations are not appropriately linked to their headwords, they won’t have any semantic function and might solely be considered as entertaining and aesthetic aspect of lexicography.
6. Conclusion
The present study, based on Stein's (1991) categories, looks at the inclusion of pictorial illustrations in three Persian monolingual dictionaries, including Amid Persian Dictionary, Moein Persian dictionary, and Sokhan Comprehensive Dictionary, intending to define a syntactic-semantic typology of pictorial illustrations in Persian monolingual dictionaries. The results of this survey indicate that domestic and contextualized pictures along with a proper reference to their headwords can enhance the communicative function of Persian monolingual dictionaries. It is also revealed that the co-reference of illustrations and headwords are fulfilled via the juxtaposition of pictures to the dictionary entries or through some verbal support that relates illustrations to the respective lemma. This research shows that the typological analysis of pictorial illustrations in dictionaries can provide a better understanding of illustrative structures in monolingual lexicography so that planning for the visual aspects of the new generation of Persian monolingual dictionaries would be more feasible.
 

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The inertia of wave measurement buoys impresses transfer functions on the wave measurement data (i.e. heave, wave slopes with respect to the horizontal axes). This effect causes difference or error between the measured and actual wave data. Calculation or estimation of the buoy transfer functions and affecting the inverse of them, makes it is possible to achieve more accurate wave data. In this paper, an algorithm for estimation of the buoy transfer functions using in-situ wave data is introduced and the simulation results are presented. The effect of the buoy transfer functions on the spectral parameters is also investigated. This algorithm uses the intrinsic properties of the sea waves.

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Disasters provide physical, social, political and environmental development windows of opportunities that can be used not only to reconstruct the impacted areas, but also to improve the socio-economic and physical conditions of the impacted population in the long run. It is argued, however, that there is a limited time frame of approximately four years for such opportunities to be utilized efficiently. Bam earthquake in December 2003 that killed more than 27000 and devastated the historical part of the city opened several unique opportunities for mitigation, socio-economic and physical development. This paper examines the roles that various stakeholders played in the Bam reconstruction and their contribution to the success and failure of utilizing disaster development opportunities. The results show that stakeholders’ collaboration and participation, knowledge and experience, long-term and holistic visions, division of labour and use of resources have had significant influence on the success and failure of using post-disaster opportunities.

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One of the major subsystems of each airplane is landing gear system which must be capable of tolerating extreme forces applied to the airplane during landing. Using conservative techniques to find landing loads result in overestimation and unnecessary extra structural weight. New commercial softwares can simulate real landing conditions with acceptable accuracy if detailed mechanical data about landing gear system subparts are provided. Although these softwares work well but due to lack of detailed information about the subparts at the conceptual design phase, complexity and time consuming of modeling, expensive license price, etc. they do not seem to be the best choice for design purpose. In this study, in order to calculate landing loads more precisely than the estimating conservative methods, flight dynamic differential equations of an airplane during landing phase are derived and through numeric and state space techniques are solved for different initial conditions including, three point landing, two point landing and one wheel landing. Each landing gear of the airplane is modeled as a two-degree of freedom mass-spring-damper set. Time history of the airplane center of gravity, pitch and roll angle, vertical landing loads of each landing gear and their spin-up loads for different landing types (different initial conditions) are obtained to show capabilities of this new, fast and accurate landing simulation code, generated.

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In the present paper, a new penalization method is proposed for implementation of the rigid surfaces on the Navier-Stokes equations in the vorticity-stream function formulation. In this method, a rigid body is considered as a region in the fluid flow, where the time is stopped. Therefore, by stopping the fluid particles, this region plays the role of a rigid body. In this regard, a new transformation is introduced and applied to the governing equations and a set of modified equations are obtained. Then, in the modified equations, the time dilation of the solid region is approached to infinity, while the time dilation of the fluid region remains In the article, the physical and mathematical properties of modified equations are investigated and satisfaction of the no-slip and no-penetration conditions are justified. Then, a suitable numerical algorithm is presented for solving the modified equations. In the proposed algorithm, the modified equation is time integrated via the Crank–Nicolson method, and the spatial discretization with the second-order finite differencing on a uniform Cartesian grid. The method is applied to the fluid flow around a square obstacle placed in a channel, the sudden flow perpendicular to a thin flat plate, and the flow around a circular cylinder. The results show that the no-slip and no-penetration conditions are satisfied accurately, while the flow fields are also high level of accuracy.
 

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Turbine blades are exposed to mechanical and thermal stresses due to their operation in critical conditions that lead to various damages such as fatigue and wear. These factors reduce the blades life cycle by accelerating the cracking process. In this paper, the effects of three geometric parameters including the contact length, the contact angle, and the surface friction coefficient on relative slip amplitude and contact pressure values in the turbine blade root were investigated using a two-dimensional finite element model. Comparing the results of the analysis with the actual blade damages by use of scanning electron microscopy shows acceptable consistency between predicted damage site and the actual blade damages. The results of the blade analysis indicate that by moving from the top of the contact edge to the bottom, the contact pressure increases gradually and its maximum occurs near the lower edge of the contact. According to the results, the prescribed increments in the coefficient of friction, the contact angle, and the length of contact, respectively decrease the slip amplitude by 26%, 19%, and 10% and also decrease the contact pressures by 35%, 15%, and 5%. In addition, increasing contact angle and coefficient of friction increase the opening region length at the upper edge on both sides of the blade root. While increasing the contact length has no considerable effect on the length of this region.

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Growing the importance of environmental issue have led numerous companies to regard green marketing and purchasing behavior concepts as the main source of their strategic shift and the subsequent growing research, increasing the dispersion and explosion of information in this field, therefore the essence of a combination of research out in the matter to the systematic way and facing the researchers. This research using meta- analysis and software comprehensive meta- analysis (CMA) to analyze the research conducted between 1997 and 2015 in the field of green purchasing behavior. After reviewing the research conducted, 22 internal and external study, 39 variables and hypothesis were identified. Used to funnel charts and statistical methods Rosenthal and Orwin way to check the validity of the findings and publication bias. The results of the meta- analysis shows that Environmental concern, Social Influences, Perceived effectiveness, Perceived environmental responsibility, Concern for self- image in environmental protection, Environmental Attitude, Perceived seriousness of environmental problems and Green purchase intention most effective and different studies have been green purchase behavior.

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The fear of death was the main concern of the residents and sailors of Bandar Kong, and it made them to resort to beliefs of calamity in order to ward off death and evil and bring natural disasters under their control.
This research aims to analyze this belief in the maritime tradition of the residents of this region with a descriptive-analytical method and then analyze them by relying on similar mythological examples. Therefore, in this research, the Belagandari beliefs related to the maritime tradition were first collected in the field and in the form of interviews with women and men, and further, they were analyzed by relying on library studies and books on the mythology of nations. The results of the research also indicated that the belief in wandering among the residents of Bandar Kong was observed in both direct and mediated ways (walking through animals and objects).Beliefs of Balagandari that were indirect include: throwing dates in the sea and saying the call to prayer and reciting the Qur'an during a storm. Intermediate beliefs also include: sacrificing cows, placing chickens with women in the boat, placing Kush shoes in the direction of the wind, and applying henna and animal excrement on the doors of houses.

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In the present paper, the behavior of eccentric braced steel frames with thin infill plates is investigated. The main purpose is to provide a new form of eccentric bracing, which improves the seismic behavior by adding a thin steel plate under the link beam. In the proposed model, due to the increase in frame stiffness, flexural stiffness and shear of the beam in the bracing frame will not respond to the forces. Therefore, in order to provide the required stiffness and ductility of the frame, it is suggested to use a steel plate under the link beam connected to the bracing connection plates. In the proposed models, two groups of models with steel plate under the link beam (middle steel plate) have been studied. In the first and second groups, all analysis are of static type, taking into account the geometric nonlinear effects in an eccentric frame with infill plates, the height of the plate under the link beam (middle steel plate) is 460 and 742 mm, respectively. The studied parameters include the height of the middle plate, the thickness of the middle plate and the effect of the arrangement of stiffeners on the performance of the frame. For numerical analysis of the models, the finite element method using Abaqus finite element software with increasing load has been used. Extraction results in the models include force-displacement curve, stiffness decay, amount of wall out of plane displacement due to buckling, inelastic dissipation energy and stress distribution in the structure (stress contour). According to the results of numerical models, the middle steel plate is very important in providing ductility and increasing the strength of the structure. Also, with increasing the height of the middle plate, the development of the diagonal tensile field into the infill plate increases, so local buckling can be converted into general buckling in the infill plates. Among the arrangements of stiffeners, it was observed that the stiffener under the middle plate has the least effect on increasing the force-displacement response of the structure. By evaluation of models with a middle plate with a height of 460 mm and two vertical stiffeners, compared to the model with four stiffeners, the structural capacity (force-displacement) has increased by about 31%. By evaluating the models with a middle plate height of 760 mm, it can be found that the use of stiffeners with different geometric arrangements do not have a major effect on increasing the stiffness in the elastic and inelastic stages, prevent the sudden decrease in stiffness in models without stiffeners due to buckling observed at the junction of the brace to the middle plate. Also, the free edge stiffener of the middle plate has practically no effect on the sudden decrease in stiffness, but on the other hand, vertical stiffeners or a combination of horizontal and vertical stiffeners have performed well in terms of preventing a sudden decrease in structural stiffness. The thickness of the steel plate has a significant effect on increasing the strength and reducing the local buckling in the middle plate. Local buckling was observed at the junction of the middle plate to the brace, which is recommended to use stiffeners for the middle steel to reduce the effects of local buckling of the plate and to prevent a sudden decrease in strength and stiffness. In steel plates with shear behavior that do not allow the complete formation of diagonal tensile fields, stiffeners prevent a sudden decrease in strength but do not have a significant effect on increasing the overall stiffness of the structure.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the hot working behavior of the cobalt-nickel base superalloy with the chemical composition of Co-22.8Ni-3.4Al-8Cr-17.1W-1.5Ti-2.8Ta-1.5Nb-1.5Mo-0.06C-0.02B (%wt) by performing compression test, providing the constitutive equation and deformation procssing map and determining the safe and unsafe regions of deformation. In this regard, the hot compression test was performed in the temperature range of 1050-1200 degrees Celsius, with a step of 50 degrees Celsius and strain rates of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001/s up to a strain of 0.7. The evaluation of the constitutive equations governing the hot deformation process of the superalloy showed that the presented model based on the hyperbolic sine equation predicts the experimental results with acceptable accuracy. Using the mentioned equation, the hot deformation activation energy of the investigated alloy in the present study was obtained as 497 kJ/mol. Based on the process in map drawn for the investigated alloy in the present study, at a strain of 0.4, an instability region was observed at a temperature of 1050 degrees Celsius and a strain rate of 0.01 1/s. the extent and intensity of instability region decreased with the increase in deformation temperature. According to the results of the processing map and the constitutive equations, the optimal conditions of deformation of the investigated alloy are in the temperature range of 1150  to 1200  and the strain rate of 0.1 1/s and the temperature range of 1100  to   1200 and the strain rate of 0.1 to 0.001 the peak efficiency of  45% energy consumption.