Showing 10 results for Akbarian
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Language learners find it hard to change a text’s wording and present it differently while maintaining the original meaning in the text. This research therefore examined the effect of concept mapping instruction on summarizing short stories for EFL learners. Two intact grade-eight classes were assigned to experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 18) groups randomly. They summarized a starter-level short story, Drive into danger, using a maximum of 450 words as pretest. Next, the experimental group experienced concept-mapping instruction whereas the latter group received the traditional way of teaching summarization, for six consecutive weeks. Both groups summarized the same story again, based on their instruction, into a 450-word text at a maximum as posttest. Pretest and posttest summaries were assessed in terms of content, organization, vocabulary, and language use. The experimental group positively improved on overall performance, content, and organization, marginally improved on vocabulary, but did not improve on language use. Furthermore, the participants’ feedback on the instructional treatment support the statistical results. The findings offer several instructional implications.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (Number 3 - 2001)
Abstract
The impact of climatic variations on basal area growth of basswood (BA) (Tilia americana
L.), American beech (BE) (Fagus grandifolia Enrh.), bitternut hickory (BH) (Caria
cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch), largetooth aspen (LA) (Populus grandidentata Michx.), red
maple (RM) (Acer rubrum L.), red oak (RO) (Quercus rubra L.), sugar maple (SM) (Acer
saccharum Marsh.), and white ash (WA) (Fraxinus americana L.) was studied in a southern
province of Quebec, Canada (45o 25 ’ N, 73 o 57 ’ W). In total, forty-eight climatic
variations of precipitation (P) (13 variables), temperature (T) (13 variables), heat index
(H), (11 variables), and evapotranspiration (11 variables) from the current (C) and past
three years (P1, P2, & P3) were tested in regression models to find the best model of the
relationship between those independent variables and the last ten years (1985-1994) of
basal area growth of the species. Simple individual linear and second degree, mixed, and
combination of multiple regression models were used to develop the best regression model
for each tree species, separately. The best models explained 79% , 80% , 99% , 91% ,
71%, 99% , 49% , and 98% of the total variance of the growth in BA, BE, BH, LA, RM,
RO, SM and WA, respectively. The growth in BH, LA, RM, RO, SM, and WA were more
associated with the previous year’s climatic variations rather than the current year’s.
Bitternut hickory, LA, RM, SM, and WA growth were more related to the first year
rather than the second or third preceding year variables. The June heat index of the third
previous year of variables explained only 7% of the growth of white ash. It was concluded
that the impact of climatic variables on tree growth may vary and may depend on the
species and other unknown variables. Also, the results suggested that the first and second
previous climatic variables have an important role on the growth of some species. American
beech, BH, RO, and WA seem to be a good species to use for the study in dendrochronological
and dendroclimatological studies.
Reza Akbarian,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (1-2001)
Abstract
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Volume 12, Issue 1 (Spring & Summer 2008)
Abstract
Regional development occurrs by functional variety growth of settlements and making strongest relationship between them. Therefore, examination of functional–service relationships between settlements in order to achieve an appropriate pattern is necessary for hierarchy of the settlements. Thus in this research, we used social network analysis method to examinate functional–service relationships among Roniz's settlements. Therefore, twenty service relations in four functions and relations (educational-cultural, infrastructural-commercial, remedial- health and official) were determined. Then a questionnaire was prepared and filled by the settlers. In order to analyze each relationship, we used network analysis method. The results showed that utilizing of network helped to easily and quickly recognize the spatial relation between human settlements. Further, Roniz's settlements have a strong functional–service relationship mainly with Roniz city (district center) and Mahfrkhan and Ynvan villages. In addition, because of distance dimention, other habitants (with the exception of Roniz city) have just relation with the settlements of the district.
Volume 13, Issue 5 (November & December 2022 (Articles in English & French) 2022)
Abstract
The present study compares the effects of the second language (L2) reading and listening on incidental vocabulary learning and retention of three dimensions of word knowledge (i.e., part of speech, syntagmatic association, and form-meaning connection) among EFL learners. The relationship between word exposure frequency and vocabulary learning is also examined in reading versus listening. Sixty-three pre-intermediate EFL learners in four intact classes were randomly assigned to four experimental groups based on the number of target word (TW) exposures (i.e., 1, 3, 5, and 7 exposures) they received in treatment texts. The experimental groups read and listened to four texts with 36 TWs. The scores on the immediate and three-week delayed posttests revealed that reading contributed to a greater amount of vocabulary learning and retention in the three dimensions of word knowledge. The results further revealed that an increase in the word exposure frequency had a significant effect on acquiring form-meaning connection through reading, and on three dimensions through listening. Moreover, frequency improved retention gains in both input sources.
Mohamadreza Pourjafar, Reza Akbarian, Mojtaba Ansari, Hassan Ali Pourmand,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (5-2009)
Abstract
The endurance of any type of architecture is contingent upon the study of the characteristics that led to its formation. Two general approaches have been adopted to study and analyze the Iranian architecture. A number of scholars have taken a historical approach, while others have merely considered a genre- based approach. Making use of many historical studies, these scholars have attempted to produce an exacting categorization of Iranian architecture. They focuse on outward form and embellishment to identify and distinguish various classes and sub-classes of architecture in Iran.
The third approach, which is outlined in this article, tries to explain such architecture from a conceptual point of view. This essentially involves identifying and analyzing those features that have allowed it to endure. The article shows that there has been a precise and thought- provoking interaction between architects and the intellectual classes that led to the formation of an enduring and transcendent form of architecture in Iran.
Volume 18, Issue 3 (Autumn 2018)
Abstract
Service sector has been changed qualitatively and quantitatively in Iran over the time. Its share in sectoral value-added, GDP, employment and absorption of the resources has been increasing dramatically in recent years. In this paper, neutrality and super neutrality of money in service sector are tested using data on services’ value added, the monetary base, liquidity and money supply by using Fisher-Seater methodology during 1973-2015. In order to determine the degree of the stationary, various unit root tests are used. Since ADF, KPSS and PP unit root tests do not consider the structural breaks; this paper applies Zivot and Andrews unit root test. The results show that, firstly, Zivot & Andrews method is relevant to test for unit root because of structural breaks in variables. Secondly, money in the services sector is not neutral; and permanent changes in monetary variables affect real production. This leads policymakers to make expansionary monetary policies and consider the relevant costs incurred by people.
Volume 19, Issue 2 (3-2017)
Abstract
Variability in morphological traits, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of 15 populations of Iranian Ferula species collected from natural habitats in different regions of Iran were investigated. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of fruit extracts varied from 12.77 to 120.72 mg tannic acid per 1g dry weight. Total flavonoid of fruits extract varied from 5.45 mg quercetin per 1 g dry weight in F. assa-foetida to 8.09 mg QUE g-1 in F. ovina. Antioxidant activity of fruits was assessed using three model systems. Fruits extract showed excellent radical scavenging activity as compared to BHT. Similar trend was also obtained in reducing power (FTC) and β-carotene-linoleic acidmodel systems. The cluster analysis subdivided the populations in three major groups. Group 1 possessed high inhibition of beta-carotene (> 60%), while group 2 showed low percent of inhibition (< 35%). Group 3 revealed the lowest TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. Most of Ferula populations (group 1) were more potent for scavenging of free radicals in lipid phases in comparison with aqueous phase. In this study, some fruit morphological traits were also measured in populations. Among the studied species, F. gummosa had the highest fruit length and thousand kernel weight and length/width ratio as well as high antioxidant activity. In overall, the results revealed the scientific basis for traditional usage of the studied Ferula species as spice plants and their potential as a rich source of natural antioxidant and flavonoid source.
Zahra Mahmudkelayeh, Reza Akbarian, Mohammad Saeedimehr,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (5-2017)
Abstract
Providing an exact explication of rationality in a way that would lead to the explication of the scope of rational discourse is among the most fundamental problems of philosophers. In the current essay the author struggles to reach a comprehensive definition of rationality via an exact description and analysis of ideas of Mulla Sadra (1571-1641) as the most significant philosophical figure in the Islamic world according to which one can present all human achievements in the domain of knowledge and science as manifestations of this rationality. Rationality in Sadra’s intellectual system represents a comprehensive term with an analogically graded meaning that in different levels of certainty guarantees the validity of applied, theoretical and intuitive sciences. This comprehensive perspective of the domain of rational discourse can put an end to many disputes on the exact sense of rationality and in doing so, it can bring about a basis for more interaction and sympathy among scholars in various branches of science and open the path for deeper dialogue.
Volume 26, Issue 2 (Summer 2022)
Abstract
Territorial restrictions are usually imposed by higher firms on lower firms about Sales domain of products subject to the contract or on the characteristics of customers in production or distribution chain. One of the controversial issues is the examination inconsistency or non-inconsistency of these with competition law. This study seeks to provide a clear answer to the fundamental question of whether territorial restrictions are considered necessarily a violation of competition law or are considered suspect restrictions. The results are evaluated according to the rule of reason in US competition law; While in EU law, exemptions are provided for evaluation the competitive effects declared legitimate and permissible if comply with the declared criteria. In the Iranian legal system, the legislator has simply mentioned two examples of territorial restrictions in Article 44 of the Law on Implementation of General Policies of Principle as anti-competitive restrictive conditions. Therefore, after explaining the concept and economic result, examines and analyzes the procedures of the courts and laws of the United States, the European Union and Iranian law from the perspective of competition law, and shows the surprising deficiencies provides suggestions to amend Iranian regulations to be more in line with the principles and objectives of competition law.
