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Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract

The prototype of any category is the member or set of members of a category that best represents the category as a whole. Not everything fits perfectly in a category. Categories are defined by an intersection of properties that make up their members. The language is set of different categories and we should attend to categories in language teaching. Gender and mother language are among these components that should be considered in the teaching and learning process. Research about prototype is necessity because no basic prototype study, and the impact of gender and mother language on the formation of this concept have not been made among farsi lernears. As a result, one group of forty speakers who were learning Farsi selected. Each group included 20 men and 20 women. Men from Hojjatieh school and women from the Bent-Alhoda center were selected, both under the supervision of the Almustafa international university. In the category of domestic animals, 41.17% of men chose cows, while the same percentage of women chose sheep, horses, and dogs. In the field of sports, in addition to the first choice, the second and third choices of women and men were completely different, men have chosen shooting and cricket, and women have chosen volleyball, football and walking. Also, in the category of vehicles, although both sexes chose airplane as their first choice, their next choices were different, men chose train and car while women chose bus, car and bicycle.
 

Volume 2, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract

The influence of one literature on the other is the   consequence of cultural interaction in different nations. No literary dynamics can keep itself away from the influence of other literature. When both sides of the equation interact through the cultural and literary language of the two nations, the issue will be more serious.  Since the Literature and language of Iran and Tajikistan have the same origin, then this can be a subject for a comparative study. So in this article, we will investigate similarities and differences in how to apply mythology, poetic language, its functions and its application in both quantity and quality in the poetry language of two contemporary poet from Iran and Tajikestan ( Forough Farrokhzad, Golrokhsar Safi-Ava). The main question is that how is each of these poet`s  attitude to myth, mythological themes and  their origins, and to what extent do they have used from these mythological motifs in their poems. These motifs are: God, goddesses, gods, prophets and entrepreneurs, mythological figures, historical and epic creatures, plants and animals and mythological mythology as well as certain areas.

Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Satveh village, one of the desert villages in Semnan province, according to the administrative divisions belongs to Shahrood city. The occupation of most people in this village has been agriculture and ranching from years ago. Dialect of this village, with more similarities to the ancient Khorāsān dialects, has remained largely intact for various reasons including the inaccessibility to the city. Study of words, phrases and terms in this dialect, except anthropological and linguistic benefits, may be effective in solving some problems about the Persian language and meaning of the ancient texts. In present research, the words and phrases of ranching in Satveh were collected with thematic order. In addition, sometimes, other issues such as words derivation and some neology rules and techniques used in this dialect are discussed

Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Analysis of the spatial and temporal trends of precipitation and temperature are pertinent for future development and sustainable management of water resources in a given region. In this paper, we present a study concerning the climatic behavior of two principal observables Variables, viz. monthly temperature (maximum and minimum) and mean precipitations obtained from the measurements carried out in 60 Iranian meteorological stations for 40 years from 1969 to 2008. The Mann-Kendall test was used to detect the significant trends.Results showed that during summer and autumn, the precipitation had a negative trend (at 5% significant level) in the south-eastern parts of Iran and this trend is less during spring, but no special trend was observed in winter. The minimum and the maximum temperatures did not have any particular trend in winter. Spring was accompanied by an increase in positive trend in the maximum temperatures in the south-west and north-east, while the minimum temperature only limited in the south-west parts. Positive and negative trends of the minimum temperature were very dispersed during the summer. The maximum temperatures had a negative trend in the north-west and no positive trend was observed at 5% significant level. During autumn, the temperatures indices had positive and negative trends with a wide range of dispersion.

Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Soil compaction has become a widespread problem in the world and it is considered as one of the main factors affecting land degradation in arid and semi-arid agricultural land. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of soil compaction on soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration, physical (aggregate stability, saturated soil moisture content, bulk density, and porosity) and chemical (EC, pH, organic carbon and nitrogen) features. The treatments were applied in the form of the completely randomized block design with four independent variables and three replicates. The study treatments included: control treatment (no artificial compaction), T2 (2 times passing heavy tractor), T3 (4 times passing heavy tractor) and T4 (6 times passing heavy tractor). Toward this attempt, data was analyzed by means of the SPSS 16.0. Software package. The type of mean comparison method applied is the LSD test (at significant level of 5%). The results showed that different levels of soil compaction caused a significant effect on soil physical and chemical features. Based on the results, 6 times passing heavy tractor significantly reduced soil porosity and aggregate stability (respectively from 0.45% and 5.32 mm in control treatment to 0.255% and 3.88 mm) while this treatment (4) significantly increased soil bulk density as compared to other treatments(from 1.45 g cm-3 in the control to 1.97 g cm-3). Four and six times to-and-fro passing heavy tractor caused a significant reduction in soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration respectively from 3.26 t ha-1 and 149.62 kg ha-1 (in control) to 1.70 ton ha-1 and 48.16 kg ha-1for T3 and T4 treatments, but significantly increased EC in comparison with other treatments (changed from 0.58dS m-1 in control treatment to 0.83dS m-1 in T4). Also, all soil compaction treatments significantly increased soil pH. For example pH increased from 7.93 in control to 8.09 inT4. While soil compaction treatments resulted in significant decrease in organic carbon, total nitrogen and saturated soil moisture values.

Volume 3, Issue 1 ((Articles in Persian) 2012)
Abstract

Baroque movement started from Italy and covered the whole Europe. Baroque school came into being after the glorious Renaissance era, and The Indian style came into being in Persian literature likewise Iraqi. These two have a firm relationship with each other. For example, sonnet is the prevailing form in both schools. Also they have concepts like movement and permutation, emphasis on visible and concrete forms, reliance on physical beauty, how to describe nature, dominance of décor, defamiliarization, etc, in common. What are clearly observed in Baroque literature are: not imitating the formers, instability of the world, movement metaphors, death, presentation, carpe diem, artist's revolution, philosophical complexity, paradox, conditionality of human knowledge, freedom of speech,etc. These are also salient in the poetry of Bidel Dehlavi. This research studies the firm relationship between Baroque school and poetic style in Iran and India considering some poems of Bidel.

Volume 3, Issue 2 (No.2 (Tome 6)- 2015)
Abstract

"Rokub Al Kawsaj"or no beard man backing up, is a celebration, which was hold to exclaim farewell to winter and arrival of spring. "Sarvato Bost", or kāshmar cypress, is a tree, which has been by Zoroaster from Paradise in Predecessors’ belief, and planted in kāshmar by himself or by Garshāsb. Since the cypress tree was sacred in the eyes of Iranians, they respect this ancient tree. Kāshmar cypress was proud of Xorāsān people until the Mutawakkil Abbāsi era, until it was cutt off by the order of the Caliph. Abu Mansur Saʼālebi; this  has been mentioned in "Simār al qolub fil mozāf wal mansub" to "Rokub Al Kawsaj" and "Sarvato Bost" by two examples in the mentioned book. We intended to affirm Even these books in Arabic heritage, which apparently has no relation with Iran history, can encompass valuable subjects. .

Volume 3, Issue 3 ((Articles in Persian) 2012)
Abstract

In this paper, we researched about poetry “Katibe” (inscription) according to the theory of morphology. For this purpose, we defined the theory of morphology. Then, according to this theory, this poem has been analyzed. This poem is divided into roles, personalities and movements. Katibeh (Inscription) is a narrative poem that has dramatic structure. In this poem, the reader sees the story from the poet's point of view. There are twenty-three roles in the poem. Characters in these poems are divided into two categories: Human and natural. In this poem, five characters are doing things and there are three movements.       

Volume 3, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract

Political skills and Impression management are two new and important subjects in the field of organizational behavior that share many common points. We try to examine impact of this tow topics on each other. This study, In terms of target, is an applicable Research, and nature and objective is as descriptive/ Correlative. Statistical society included all employees of the governorate of North Khorasan. To implement this study Sixty-eight people are randomly selected as statistical sample. The research data collection tools are Ferris et al impression management behavioral strategies Questionnaire and Bolino & Turnley Questionnaire. Data obtained from questionnaires have been analyzed with Pearson correlation, liner regression and one sample t tests. Findings indicated that all factors of political skills (Social Astuteness, Interpersonal Influence, Networking Ability, and Apparent Sincerity) significantly have positive impact on behavioral strategies of Impression management. Also level of employees’ using political skills and behavioral strategies of Impression management found out to be about an average and higher.      

Volume 3, Issue 4 ((Articles in Persian) 2012)
Abstract

  This is a comparative study between two outstanding poets from two different cultures and civilizations. We try to show the effect of modern attitude on the two poets, T.S. Eliot and Ahmad Shamlu. For this purpose, we explain the word modern in the first part, then the history of modernity in Iran and Europe is described in brief. At the end, their similar thoughts and works are compared on the basis of modernity and literary modernism characters. Also we go through details of modern thinking in the above poets. We can brief our reasons for choosing these two poets for comparative study in these factors as:                                                                    First, they lived approximately at the same political, social and cultural context, which led them to create the same works and thoughts.                                                              Second, Shamlu is known as social poet and, like Eliot, lived in a revolutionary period. Eliot was under the impression of the world war and modernism, and Iranian poet had experienced 28th Mordad coup deta and the 2nd world war. Also he experienced the period of transition from traditional to modern society. So these poets have many similar characters for comparative study.                                                                    

Volume 3, Issue 5 (9-2015)
Abstract

One of the most beautiful aspects of Iranian oral literature is traditional melodies and songs that speakers of different regions and ethnic groups intone at work or at ceremonies or special occasions. These songs, from the very old eras till now, have been applied by human in aggregations and  ceremonies. Some of these songs have arised from Iranian ancient culture, and have retained  heir old roots. Sarkavir region, located in the southern border of Semnan province and adjacent to the northern edge of the central desert, has some neglected songs. Dialect of this region, with more similarities to the ancient Khorāsān dialects, has remained largely intact for various reasons, including the inaccessibility to the city. These poems, related with mourning and rejoicing customs, and songs by women in ceremonies. have maintained their strength and power in funerals and wedding ceremonies until now.  In this article, we have tried to introduce "Soru" and "Ongâre" as two special wedding and funeral songs, analyze their literary and anthropological aspects, and through it, explain some features of their speakers.

Volume 4, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract

Philosophy of the organization is dependent with human life. Humans make organizations alive, and move and manage them. Being assure of organizational commitment and HR fitness is one of the best ways to attract and retain talented employees and improve business performance. This study seeks to investigate the moderate effect of person- organization fitness on the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention. In terms of purpose this study is applied and data collection Method is descriptive – survey. Population is consist of shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz employees. Sample was 126 employees that selected randomly according to random sampling method. Data was collected using standard questionnaire and analyzed with partial least squares structural equation modeling approach. Results indicate that there is moderate effect of quality of person- organization fitness on relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention.    

Volume 4, Issue 2 (4-2016)
Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of satisfaction and happiness of citizens with parks and urban green space.
Methods: This is a survey study. Six parks were randomly selected among 18 Mashhad large parks. Participants were 360 clients, who were selected by stratified random sampling method. All individuals completed the questionnaires of the satisfaction with park and Oxford happiness version of the park. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Findings: The results showed that the level of satisfaction with welfare installations and buildings, green space design, sport facilities, security, furnishings of park, parking and the feeling of happiness is a function of the park type. In addition, the level of satisfaction with green space design is a function of gender.
Conclusion: Satisfaction and happiness as components of health are related with the design of the parks and green space.

Volume 4, Issue 4 (3-2015)
Abstract

Nowadays with increasing competition among service organizations, they are looking for a way to differentiate their services. This requires emphasis on the necessity of applying brand as a source of competitive advantage and differentiation. This study seeks to answer the following question: “what is the impact of customer perceptions of the brand on customer loyalty, mediated by perceived value?” Theoretical formed model tests the relationships between the four main factors associated with the perception of brand equity (including brand image, company image, employee trust, and company trust) and value creation and customer loyalty. The model is

Volume 5, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract

Today organizations increasingly are faced with dynamic and changing environments and In order to survive and have their own dynamics, they have to be reponsive to environmental changes. Since scholars and intellectuals know the human resources as one of the most important element of change in the organization, leadership would be a key element. The importance of leadership is because of leaders achieve goals through their influence on followers. Also skilled and empowered employees are important to achieve the organization's goals and aspirations. On the other hand, today more than ever, an organization's competitive advantage depends on the organization knowledge, knowledge using method, speed of adaptation to changing environments and pace of access to new knowledge. Organizations that are oriented towards learning and more effective use of taught, are achieved opportunities to gain greater efficiency, speed and profitability. According to importance of this topic, in this study a conceptual framework to assess the impact of transformational leadership on empowerment in Semnan University has been developed. This research from the aspect of aim is an applied research and from the aspect of the manner of data collection is a descriptive research and of the correlation type. 133 questionnaires has been collected from the personnel of the Semnan University. Data analysed useing lisrel software. Finally, the results indicated that there is a significant and positive effect of transformational leadership on learning orientation and employee empowerment .Learning orientation has no impact on the empowerment and also the results showed that transformational leadership and learning orientation account for 61% of empowerment.

Volume 5, Issue 1 (7-2021)
Abstract

Abstract:
Research subject: Leaching and recovery parameters controlling the releasing of selenium from Sar-Cheshmeh copper anode slimes are studied and determined.
Research approach: Copper anode slimes is produced during the production of cathodic copper at the bottom of electrolyte cells, which is composed of insoluble anode components in the electrolyte. The copper anode slimes are made up of those components of the anodes, which are not soluble in the electrolyte. They contain varying quantities of precious metals like gold, silver, selenium and tellurium, and other precious metals in the anodic copper. They are being extracted as a by-product in the copper production process. Due to the fact that the main source of selenium is sulfur deposits such as copper and nickel. Copper anodic slimes is currently the only source of selenium in the world. In this study, the extraction of selenium from anodic copper slimes has been feasible. To do this, acid leaching has been used. Copper anodic sludge is the raw material for the production of more than 90% of the world's selenium and is the main source of selenium production.[1-3]
Main result: In this paper, the effect of operational parameters such as acid concentration, temperature, process time and liquid to solid ratio on selenium recovery through copper slimes leaching was investigated. The optimum conditions of batch leaching For maximum selenium extraction from anodic copper slimes are attained at 3 mol L-1 of HNO3 concentration, 0.01 (W/V) solid to liquid ratio for 60 min contact time at 70 º­C. Under the optimized conditions, the selenium leaching efficiency was 99%. The thermodynamic data showed positive values of both ΔH and ΔS which indicates that the leaching process is indeed endothermic and random while the obtained negative values of ΔG show that selenium dissolution process is spontaneous in nature.

Volume 5, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between canonical variables (x component) of organizational commitment, including (affective commitment, normative and continuous variable) and quality of services provided to employees (y components), including (responsibility, reliability, trusting, empathy, tangibility). These two sets of change variables are taken to be a suitable model for determining the relationship between Y components. Also it would use to provide a prediction method for y components using canonical correlation. At first, the theoretical model and the theories between the variables were developed and for surveying the research theories structural equation was used. ansar bank counter staves of Tehran city are the statistical population. 320 employees were picked based on the Morgan table using random sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and its reliability and validity assessed by Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. Results of canonical correlation showed a good linear combination between organizational commitment and service quality offered by them. Affective and normative commitment has direct relation with quality components, and continuance commitment correlated inversely with quality components. Normative commitment in empathy have the greatest role in creating the first canonical correlation coefficient as well as a comparison with other canonical variables.

Volume 5, Issue 3 (Fall 2021)
Abstract

Abstract
Research subject: In this research, epoxy modification was successfully performed by polyurethane and its effect on abrasion and adhesion properties have been investigated. The most important concern in the blending of these polymers was the formation of gels upon exposure of epoxy resin and isocyanate in polyurethane.
Research approach: One solution to overcome this problem is to control the chemical activity of Isocyanate. Therefore to reduce the chemical activity of isocyanate and prevent gel formation due to the combination of epoxy and polyurethane, first polyurethane prepolymer containing 3.58 wt.% NCO was prepared by mixing poly tetra methylene glycol 2000 (PTMG 2000) and toluene di isocyanate (2,4-TDI); and then by adding 20 wt.% of it to the epoxy resin, the curing process was completed by using dimethyl thio-toluene di amine (DMTDA) as a common curing agent and also specific heat treatment.
Main results: Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy results showed that the modification process has been successful by elimination of the peaks related to epoxide and isocyanate groups in the prepared sample in addition to the formation of a broad peak related to secondary hydroxyl group (C-O) due to the opening of epoxide rings. Pull off tests also confirmed increasing adhesion to carbon steel substrate as a result of secondary hydroxyl generation through this blending. Although, the Persoz hardness of modified epoxy decreased by 5%, but with a 17-fold reduction of elastic modulus (as per tensile test result), abrasion resistance improved 6 times according to abrasion test. Finally, joining of the cavities to each other is introduced as the abrasion mechanism by considering the field emission- scanning electron microscope images.

Volume 5, Issue 4 (5-2016)
Abstract

In today's competitive world, role of employees is more important than ever, organizations are looking for employees who use all their efforts toward organizational goals. this research aimed to investigate the effect of social capital on Achieving to necessary mechanisms in order to increase perceived organizational support. This survey was based on all 220 employees of the Alborz Insurance Company in Tehran as the research population and According to Krejcie & Morgan’s Table (1970), the sample size for this study is 140. This study was conducted using stratified random and proportional method., this study was conducted using descriptive correlational and questionnaire was used for data collecting. In order to determine the questionnaire reliability, Cornbach alpha were used and its content validity determined by opinions of faculties of management as well as the confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis of data was conducted using SPSS16 and LISREL8.5. Also path analysis technique was used to test the hypothesis. The results show that social capital has a positive and significant effect on perceived organizational support; Also relational dimension is the most influential dimension among dimensions of social capital in employees of Alborz Insurance Company.

Volume 5, Issue 5 (No.5 (Tome 21), (Articles in Persian) 2014)
Abstract

Abstract: Scrambling has been investigated syntactically and discursively in different languages so far. The results of this research indicate that scrambling is governed by universal principles and constraints as well as language-specific characteristics (parameters). This research indicates that all kinds of scrambling, namely, short-distance scrambling, long-distance scrambling and multiple scrambling occur in Mazandarani dialect. The fundamental functions of scrambling in discourse change the distribution of theme and rheme and also the distribution of old and new information. The behavior of short-distance scrambling indicates that the movement of constituents in scrambling is subject to discourse principles and information structure, but scrambled constituents in the long-distance scrambling are dependent on syntactic factors and minimalistic principles in addition to discourse principles. In other words, we observed that there is an interface between discourse and syntax, especially minimalism, and there is congruence between the results of this research and achievements of linguists in different linguistic modules. Investigation of the syntactic and discursive behaviors of scrambling in Mazandarani dialect is the main purpose of this research.

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